DO NOW

•WAIT FOR ASSIGNED SEAT

• Then…

Chemical Reactions

Enzymes

• Chemical reactions change one set of molecules into a new set of molecules.

• .

• Chemical reactions change one set of molecules into a new set of molecules.

• The molecules that you start with in a chemical reaction are called the reactants.

• The molecules that you end • with are called products.

REACTANTS ---------> PRODUCTS

• Chemical reactions change reactants into completely different products.

• Chemical reactions change reactants into completely different products.

• In chemical reactions, bonds can be broken and bonds can be formed.

• When something is broken down, it is called digestion.

• When something is built up, it is called synthesis.

Synthesis• A chemical reaction can join many monomers

together to form a polymer.

• A monomer is a single, simple molecule.

• A polymer is large, complex molecule made when many monomers are joined together.

Glucose

STARCH

• Through chemical reactions….– glucose can be built into starch– simple sugars can be built into carbohydrates– amino acids can be built into proteins.

• Through chemical reactions…– starch can be digested into glucose– carbohydrates can be digested into simple sugars– proteins can be digested into amino acids.

• There are thousands of chemical reactions that occur in the human body.

• Chemical reactions are needed to break down food, to repair cells, to create energy, to send messages, to fight invaders, to transport materials, and so much more.

• There are thousands of chemical reactions that occur in the human body.

• Chemical reactions are needed to break down food, to repair cells, to create energy, to send messages, to fight invaders, to transport materials, and so much more.

• Your body needs to do over 200 TRILLION chemical reactions PER SECOND for you to stay alive!!!!!!!

• A catalyst is a molecule that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions.

• A catalyst is a molecule that speeds up the rate of chemical reactions.

• The catalysts in our body are called enzymes.

• Enzymes are special protein molecules that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in living things.

• Enzymes can catalyze, or speed up, chemical reactions 10 million times faster than they would occur on their own.

• Without enzymes, the chemical reactions in living things would not happen fast enough to sustain life.

• There are MANY different enzymes in the body.

• Every chemical reaction has a specific enzyme helper.

• In other words, each enzyme is designed to work with ONE specific reaction.

For example…

• A SPECIFC enzyme is designed to digest carbohydrates into simple sugars.

• This enzyme is called “amylase”

To sum up enzymes…

• Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions in living things.

What do we know about enzymes?

What do we know about enzymes?

• Enzymes are catalysts• Enzymes speed up chemical reactions• Each chemical reaction has a specific enzyme• Enzymes speed up the synthesis and digestion of

molecules in living things.• All enzymes are proteins.