enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf ·...

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Page 1: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzymes

Page 2: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzyme Active Site

• Amino acid side chains interact, metal ions,

• Various types of polar, non-polar, ionic interactions

Page 3: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzyme Active Site• Amino acid side chains interact, metal ions,

• Various types of polar, non-polar, ionic interactions

Page 4: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzymes• Lock and Key Analogy: lock = enzyme, key = substrate.

Page 5: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzymes• Lock and Key Analogy: lock = enzyme, key = substrate.

Page 6: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Induced Fit Theory

• Enzyme is not rigid, changes shape with substrate.

Page 7: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Induced Fit Theory

• Enzyme is not rigid, changes shape with substrate.

Page 8: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzymes - Cofactors

• Coenzymes (contain a vitamin) or metal ion

Page 9: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzymes - Cofactors

• Metal ions present in trace amounts

Page 10: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzymes - Cofactors

• Metal ions present in trace amounts

Page 11: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzyme Cofactors

• Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin.

Page 12: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzyme Cofactors

• Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin.

Page 13: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzyme Cofactors• Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin.

Page 14: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzymes

Page 15: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzymes - Activity

• Temperature and pH effect enzyme action

Page 16: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzymes - Activity

• Temperature and pH effect enzyme action

Page 17: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzymes - Activity

• Enzyme and substrate concentrations

Page 18: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzymes - Inhibitors

• Nonspecific - denaturation, pH, temperature

Page 19: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzyme Inhibitors

• Noncompetitive

Page 20: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzyme Inhibitors

• Competive - mimic substrate, may block active

site, but may dislodge it.

Page 21: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzyme Inhibitors• Competive - mimic substrate, may block active site, but

may dislodge it.

Page 22: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzyme Inhibitors

Page 23: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzyme Inhibitors

• Irreversible - covalently binds to active site

Page 24: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzyme Inhibitors

• Regulator or feedback - used to control a sequence

of reactions - reaction product may block initial

enzyme.

Page 25: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzyme Inhibitors• Regulator or feedback - used to control a sequence of

reactions - reaction product may block initial enzyme.

Page 26: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzyme Inhibitors

Page 27: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Enzyme Inhibitors

Page 28: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Drugs as Enzyme Inhibitors

• Drug mimics some natural chemical to block enzyme.

Page 29: Enzymes - libvolume4.xyzlibvolume4.xyz/.../foodchemistry2/enzymes/enzymespresentation2.pdf · Enzymes - Activity • Temperature and pH effect enzyme action. Enzymes - Activity •

Drugs as Enzyme Inhibitors

• Drug mimics some natural chemical to block enzyme.