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TRANSCRIPT
Enzymes
Enzyme Active Site
• Amino acid side chains interact, metal ions,
• Various types of polar, non-polar, ionic interactions
Enzyme Active Site• Amino acid side chains interact, metal ions,
• Various types of polar, non-polar, ionic interactions
Enzymes• Lock and Key Analogy: lock = enzyme, key = substrate.
Enzymes• Lock and Key Analogy: lock = enzyme, key = substrate.
Induced Fit Theory
• Enzyme is not rigid, changes shape with substrate.
Induced Fit Theory
• Enzyme is not rigid, changes shape with substrate.
Enzymes - Cofactors
• Coenzymes (contain a vitamin) or metal ion
Enzymes - Cofactors
• Metal ions present in trace amounts
Enzymes - Cofactors
• Metal ions present in trace amounts
Enzyme Cofactors
• Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin.
Enzyme Cofactors
• Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin.
Enzyme Cofactors• Coenzyme - non protein organic, maybe a vitamin.
Enzymes
Enzymes - Activity
• Temperature and pH effect enzyme action
Enzymes - Activity
• Temperature and pH effect enzyme action
Enzymes - Activity
• Enzyme and substrate concentrations
Enzymes - Inhibitors
• Nonspecific - denaturation, pH, temperature
Enzyme Inhibitors
• Noncompetitive
Enzyme Inhibitors
• Competive - mimic substrate, may block active
site, but may dislodge it.
Enzyme Inhibitors• Competive - mimic substrate, may block active site, but
may dislodge it.
Enzyme Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors
• Irreversible - covalently binds to active site
Enzyme Inhibitors
• Regulator or feedback - used to control a sequence
of reactions - reaction product may block initial
enzyme.
Enzyme Inhibitors• Regulator or feedback - used to control a sequence of
reactions - reaction product may block initial enzyme.
Enzyme Inhibitors
Enzyme Inhibitors
Drugs as Enzyme Inhibitors
• Drug mimics some natural chemical to block enzyme.
Drugs as Enzyme Inhibitors
• Drug mimics some natural chemical to block enzyme.