Do Now: Read the Ch. 5, sect. 1 summary

and watch the Unit 3 video

Homework- Read Ch. 5, sec. 2 and answer questions #3 and #4

Date: 10/6/10

Problem # 1: What is the relationship

between the national government and the new “states”?

Problem # 2: Should the states unite

under a strong centralized government?

Problem # 3: How can we develop a

government that can balance the interests of the states with those of the nation

If you wanted to avoid a monarchy what form of gov’t would you create?

The original American Flag designed by Betsy Ross

What is democracy? What could be some

challenges implementing Democracy in America?

Americans favored a Republic- govt. in which citizens rule through elected representatives

Why might a republic work better than a pure democracy?

Where did these ideas about Democracy and Republic come from? Roman Senator

Similarities Limited power of

government leaders

Guaranteed rights of citizens- freedom of speech, press, religion, etc.

Emphasized Liberty rather than Equality

Differences Voting rights- issues

with women, African Americans and land owners

Geared towards the needs of each individual state

• Each State had elected governments and Constitutions during colonial days

States were unequal in size, wealth and population

Should each state elect the same number of representatives?

Continental Congress proposes… The Articles of Confederation (alliance)-

State governments are supreme in some matters while the national government was supreme in others

How does the quote above reflect these principals?

What should be done with the newly acquired land west of Appalachians?

Land Ordinance of 1785- established patchwork farms- divided land into equal squares that were for sale

Northwest Ordinance of 1787- provided procedure for dividing lands and admitting new states to the country

Congress could not enact and collect taxes

Congress could not regulate trade

Regardless of population, each state had only one vote in Congress

• Which weakness would present the most problems? • Why did the listed weaknesses lead to an ineffective government?

Articles could be changed only if all states approvedThere were 13 separate states that lacked national unity

New government has to be created but how?

Founding Fathers choose republic- representative democracy

States already had constitutions and wanted to form a confederation- alliance

Articles of Confederation created as first form of gov’t

Newly acquired western lands sold and become new states

Articles of Confederation seen as weak because lacked taxing power and unity

Do Now: Which weakness of the Articles of Confederation do you think created the biggest problems?

Homework: Read Ch.5, sect.3 and answer questions #3 and #4

Date: 10/7/10

Many farmers/veterans were in debt

Shays’ Rebellion- mob of angered farmers marched towards arsenal in Springfield, Mass.

“What a triumph for our enemies…to find that we are incapable of governing ourselves” – George Washington

What effect do you suppose Shays’ Rebellion had on the new nation, both in government and on the streets?

Shays’ Rebellion generates discussion among states about the government’s effectiveness

What do you think is the key to preventing another “Shay’s Rebellion?”

Convention held in Philadelphia to discuss strengthening the central government

Watch the video, “Key Constitutional Concepts” and answer the questions on the worksheet in your packets

Do Now: What weakness of the Articles of Confederation did Shay’s Rebellion reveal?

Homework: None, enjoy the long weekend!

Date: 10/8/10

Big states vs. small states over representation

Roger Sherman introduces the Great Compromise

Two House (bi-cameral) Congress

Each state has equal rep. in the Senate (upper house)

Population determines rep. in the House of Representatives (lower house)

Voters choose reps. for the House- Senators chosen by State legislatures

Why was this compromise a success?

Roger Sherman

The Great Compromise- population = power

Should slaves count as part of population?

North says NO!!! South says YES!!! Three-Fifths

Compromise: 3/5 of a states slave population counted

What essentially is this saying about slaves?

Federalism- system of gov’t where power is shared between a national gov’t and state gov’ts

Federal Gov’t has delegated powers State Gov’ts have reserved powers Read the document regarding federalism

and answer the following…1. Why do the National Gov’ts powers make

sense?2. Why do the States Gov’ts powers make

sense?3. Who has more power if they conflict? Why?

Three Branches of Government1) Legislative Branch- makes

laws2) Executive Branch- carry out

laws3) Judicial Branch- interprets lawsSo how does Congress make a

law??? A bill starts in either Senate or

the House of Reps. It’s debated and if majority

votes for it – goes to other house

President passes or vetoes law If vetoed Congress can override

with 66% vote Judicial Branch has final say by

declaring unconstitutional Think: scenario of class voting

for something

Floor of Senate

Do Now: Explain how a law is made Homework: Read the Preamble to the

Constitution (p. 154) and rewrite it in words that make sense to you.

Date: 10/12/10

System of Checks and Balances- system that keeps one branch from dominating the others

Think: Rock, Paper, Scissors Read document on

Checks & Balances and answer the following…

1.Write a situation where the president checks Congress

2.Write a situation where Congress checks the President

3.Write a situation where Supreme Court checks Congress

4.Explain the Elastic Clause

Electoral College System- each state would choose a number of electors equal to the amount of rep. they had in congress. These men would cast the ballots.

Think: scenario w/ school voting for chocolate vs. vanilla ice cream

Read the document regarding the Electoral College and answer the following ques.

Who votes for the president?

Does the citizens vote count?

When in history did this create a problem?

The Great Compromise solved the conflict over state size and representation

3/5 Compromise solved conflict over the counting of slaves as population

Federalism created government where state gov’ts and national gov’t share power

System of Checks and Balances creates system to stop one branch from having too much power

Electoral College created to elect president

Do Now: Read the document, “In the Middle of the Night”. What should be included in our Constitution to make sure this does not happen?

Homework: Read Ch.6, sect.1 answer quests. #3 and #4

Date: 10/14/10

Constitution needed ratification (approval) from 9 states

Federalists- those who supported the newly formed Constitution

Anti-federalists- those who opposed the Constitution

Disagreed mostly over power of States vs. Federal Gov’t

Alexander Hamilton Patrick Henry

“They divided the powers, that each branch of thelegislature might be a checkupon the other…and I presumethat every reasonable man will agree to it.”

“You are not to inquire howyour trade may be increased, nor how you areto become a great andpowerful people, but howyour liberties can be secured…”

Federalists: 3 branches/ checks

and balances-protects Americans from tyranny

Favored a balance of power between state and federal government

Supported by small states- why?

Anti-federalists:Anti-federalists:Feared govt. Feared govt. would serve would serve privileged minority privileged minority and not majorityand not majorityBelieved country Believed country was too large for 1 was too large for 1 govt. to managegovt. to manageConstitution Constitution lacked protection lacked protection of individual rightsof individual rightsSupported by Supported by large states- large states- why?why?

Do Now: Class discussion of Preamble homework.

We the people of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquility, provide for the common defense, promote the general welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

Homework: None, you guys have been lucky the past few Fridays!!!

Date: 10/15/10

“I like the general idea of framing a government which should go on of itself, peaceably, without needing continual recurrence to the State legislatures…I will now tell you what I do not like. First, the omission of a bill of rights…Let me add, that a bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth, general or particular; and what no just government should refuse…- Thomas Jefferson

The Constitution The Constitution contained no guarantee contained no guarantee that the govt. would that the govt. would protect the rights of the protect the rights of the peoplepeopleAll previous State All previous State Gov’ts had Bills of Gov’ts had Bills of RightsRightsWhy do you think a bill of rights is necessary?How could this slow down the process of ratification?

Spend a few minutes and read the list of Amendments to yourself

Then choose the 5 most important amendments by yourself

Then work with a partner and narrow down your list to 3

Then in a group choose the single most important amendment

The new government The new government becomes a reality in becomes a reality in 1789 when the 1789 when the Constitution is ratifiedConstitution is ratified

• The first 10 amendments (changes) to the Constitution are known as the Bill of Rights

Federalists: Did not feel it necessary

to have a Bill of Rights Constitution gave

people power to elect trustworthy representatives

Used The Federalist papers to convince Americans to support Constitution

Anti-federalists:Anti-federalists:Weakened State Weakened State powerpower need for a Bill need for a Bill of Rightsof RightsThey wanted a written They wanted a written agreement that all agreement that all citizens would have citizens would have certain rightscertain rightsWas the Bill of Rights Was the Bill of Rights necessary ???Which necessary ???Which side do you agree side do you agree with??? Why???with??? Why???

Constitution needed to be ratified (approved) by 9 states

Federalists favored Constitution and strong central gov’t

Anti-Federalists opposed Constitution and wanted stronger state gov’ts

Bill of Rights added to protect individual rights and convinced anti-federalists to approve Constitution

1789- Constitution becomes law of the land after all 13 states ratify

Do Now: In what ways is the U.S.A. a “great experiment”?

Homework: Read Ch.6, sect.2 answer quest. 3 and 4

Date: 10/19/10

Americans needed and wanted strong, trustworthy leader

Washington was unanimous choice in first presidential ballot

April, 1789- Washington reluctantly accepts the position

Why might many refer to this time as the “great experiment” of America?

There was never a govt. based on Enlightenment ideas of republican rule and individual rights

No prior examples to follow

Has the experiment been solved?

James Madison

The Constitution provides the framework but no details for the judicial system

Judiciary Act of 1789-1.Supreme Court- chief

justice & 5 associate justices

2.Federal laws are “the supreme law of the land”

3. Justices selected by President for life

Why???

Department of State- deals with foreign affairs

Department of War- handles military matters

Department of Treasury- manages finances

Thomas Jefferson-Thomas Jefferson- Secretary of State Secretary of StateAlexander Hamilton-Alexander Hamilton- Secretary of the Secretary of the TreasuryTreasuryHenry Knox-Henry Knox- Secretary of War Secretary of WarEdmund Randolph-Edmund Randolph- Attorney General Attorney General (chief lawyer)(chief lawyer)

Thomas Jefferson Alexander Hamilton Henry Knox Edmund Randolph

• Departments made to help President make decisions• Department heads became known as “the Cabinet”

Power lies in federal govt. Republic lead by well

educated elite Loose interpretation of

Constitution Economy based on shipping

and manufacturing Wants to create Bank of U.S. Supporters: merchants,

landowners, investors, lawyers

Shared power between state Shared power between state and local govt.-limited and local govt.-limited national govt.national govt.Strict interpretation of Strict interpretation of ConstitutionConstitutionEconomy based on farming Economy based on farming and trade peopleand trade peopleDisagrees with Bank of U.S.Disagrees with Bank of U.S.Supporters:Supporters: the “plain the “plain people”people”

1. Whose view of the govt. would a wealthy person favor? Why?

2. How do you think Jefferson differed from Hamilton in his

view of people and human nature?

Hamilton wants to create Bank of the U.S. to pay off foreign debt and pay Rev. War vets.

Southern States did not support Hamilton’s economic plans b/c the already paid off their debt

To gain support, Hamilton suggests moving the nations capital from NYC, to Washington, D.C.

“It agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies and false alarms; kindles the animosity of one part against another; incites occasionally riot and insurrection. Itopens the door to foreign influence and corruption…” -George Washington

Federalists:Federalists:

Supported Supported Hamilton’s view Hamilton’s view of a strong of a strong central govt. central govt. and bankand bank

Democratic-Republicans:Democratic-Republicans:

Supported Jefferson’s Supported Jefferson’s vision of strong state-vision of strong state-governmentsgovernments

Do you agree? Do political parties help or hurt?

Where do we see examples today of the divide between strong federal gov’t vs. weak federal gov’t?

Washington had to make up gov’t as he went along

Judiciary Act of 1789 established court system with Supreme Court as head

Cabinet created to help President make decisions

Disagreements over power of Federal gov’t vs. State gov’ts by Hamilton and Jefferson lead to creation of political parties

Do Now: Review: What were the differences between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists?

Homework: Read Ch.6, sect.3 answer ques. #3 and #4

Date: 10/20/10

The French were influenced by the American Revolution

The French were our allies during Revolution

Who should we support? The rebels who were trying to overthrow a tyrannical king or the government which supplied us with troops and aide?

Democratic-Republicans: wanted to honor the Treaty and support the French

Federalists: wanted to support the British after radical rebels seized France and threatened to attack England

George Washington- decides to remain Neutral- war was not in the nations best interest

Rebels storming the Bastille in France

Adams vs. Jefferson- who will replace Washington?

First election between opposing parties

Adams wins by 3 electoral votes

Constitution says loser becomes vice president

Why might this create a problem?

Increased danger of sectionalism- placing interests of one region over those of the entire nation

Jefferson Adams

Anti-French sentiment in the U.S. Why???- France disrespected Adams during negotiations

over the French-U.S. alliance Many immigrants in U.S. begin to criticize govt. Alien and Sedition Acts- 1) lengthened time to become a citizen 2) Allowed Pres. to deport or jail foreigners deemed

“undesirable” 3) Set fines and jail terms for anyone trying to hinder the

operation of gov’t or expressing “false, scandalous or malicious statements” against the gov’t

How could this violate constitutional rights??? What political party would object to the Alien &

Sedition Acts? Why?

Democratic-Republicans view the Alien & Sedition Acts as unconstitutional

Jefferson creates the Kentucky Resolutions based on the principle of

Nullification- the states had the right to nullify or void any act of Congress which they felt was unconstitutional

What are the implications of this?

Jefferson immortalized at Mt. Rushmore

Democratic-Republicans disagree with Federalists over which side to take on French Revolution

Washington chooses neutrality John Adams elected as next President

putting him at odds with Jefferson Alien and Sedition Acts passed to stop

spread of influence of new immigrants Idea of Nullification created during

Kentucky Resolutions to give power back to states to nullify Federal laws

Do Now: What was George Washington’s main idea about foreign policy?

Homework: Read Ch.6, sect.4 answer ques. #3 and #5

Date: 10/21/10

Jefferson Vs. Adams – Round 2

Jefferson wins but running mate Aaron Burr gets the same # of electoral votes

Alex Hamilton believes Jefferson is better qualified for the job and persuades the House of Reps. to choose Jefferson

Reveals flaw in the electoral college- 12th amendment calls for electors to cast separate ballots for Pres. and V.P. Angry Burr kills Hamilton in duel

Against strong government policies and Federalism

Believed in a simple government

Wanted to shrink the government and cut costs

Believed in free trade

Purchased by U.S. from France for $15 mill. Caused the territories of the U.S. to more than double Biggest gain= Mississippi R. and port of New Orleans

Jefferson unsure if purchase was Constitutional but did it anyway

Hypocritical??? Jefferson hires

Lewis and Clark to explore uncharted Western territories and gain info.

Brought along Sacajawea- a Native American women as guide and interpreter

Map of the Lewis and Clark expeditionThe journey took 2 years and 4 months

Read the document Marbury vs. Madison Supreme Court Case and answer the following questions…

1. What is the issue that the Supreme Court has to solve?

2. What did the Supreme Court’s opinion establish the power of?

3. What 2 chief principles did this case establish?

Judicial Review- the ability of the S.C. to declare an act of congress unconstitutional

Jefferson defeats Adams and Burr in election of 1800

Jefferson’s presidency shrinks power of federal gov’t

Jefferson purchases Louisiana territory doubling size of US

Lewis and Clark sent to explore new territory

Marbury vs. Madison Supreme Court case establishes power of Judicial Review

Do Now: Review: What is Judicial Review?

Homework: Study for test on Tues, 10/26

Date: 10/22/10

Both Britain & France had seized over 1500 American ships between them in their trade war

Impressment- seizing Americans at sea and drafting them into the British Navy

Chesapeake Incident- British soldiers opened fire on American sailors who refused to let them search their ship

Embargo- (ban on exporting) placed on both France and England

What do you think would be the effect of this on the US?

British Warships

1809-William Henry Harrison (governor of Indiana) tries to persuade natives to sign over 3 million acres to the U.S.

Shawnee Chief Tecumseh resisted- wanted to form a confederacy of United Native Americans

Would this have worked? Why or why not?

Tecumseh negotiates with the British for support in a war against America

“The Great Spirit gave this great land to his red children.”

Tecumseh

James Madison wins election of 1808

American economy suffering from lack of trade with Britain and France

Britain still maintains forts near Great Lakes

As a group: Pretend you are the Secretary of War in James Madison’s cabinet.

Advise President Madison as to whether or not we should go to war with Britain.

What should be done about our economic problems?

James MadisonOur Nation’s 4th President

Native tribes allied themselves with both U.S. and British forces depending on relationships developed before the war

Britain places naval blockade along the entire east coast

1814- British enter Washington D.C.

They burn and destroy the White House, Capitol Building and other public buildings

What effect and damage will this event have on a growing United States?

White House painting saved by Dolly Madison

The Treaty of Ghent- 12/24/1814- declared an armistice (end to fighting) but did not resolve many issues

Commercial Treaty of 1815- reopened trade between U.S. and Britain

What do you think this war meant to Americans?

What did this mean to British/American relations?

General Andrew Jackson- won manyBattles for the U.S. during the War of 1812

US gets caught between French/British trade war

US faces more conflicts and battles with Natives

Pres. James Madison declares war on Britain for impressing US sailors and stopping our trade

British burn down White House and Capitol during war

War ends up creating American nationalism and permanently reaffirms US independence

Do Now: Review topics on test: Weaknesses of Articles of Confederation Constitutional Convention Hamilton vs. Jefferson Great Compromise Alien & Sedition Acts 3/5 Compromise Nullification Elastic Clause Louisiana Purchase Federalism Marbury vs. Madison Republicanism War of 1812

3 Branches of Gov’t Homework: Study for test!!!

Lawmaking Date: 10/25/10 Checks & Balances Electoral College Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists Bill of Rights Cabinet

One way in which the United States Constitution differed from the Articles of Confederation was that the Constitution

1. created a national government having three branches 2.provided for the direct election of the President by the

voters 3.made the amendment process more difficult 4.increased the powers of the statesAt the Constitutional Convention of 1787, delegates from the

small states most strongly supported the idea of 1.establishing a strong national executive 2.levying taxes on exports 3.popular election of Senators 4.equal representation for the states in the national

legislature

The United States Government is considered a federal system because

1.the people elect national officials 2.both national and state governments exist within the

nation 3.foreign policy is handled by state governments 4.each state has equal representation in the United States

Senate

In the United States, the use of implied powers, the amending process, and Supreme Court interpretations have resulted in

a general loss of individual rights a strengthening of the principle of separation of powers the Constitution being adapted to fit changing times the limiting of Presidential power in domestic affairs

The Supreme Court’s power of judicial review is a result of 1.an order by the President 2.the Court’s own interpretation of the Constitution 3.a provision in the Bill of Rights 4.the Court’s decision to hear appeals regarding

taxation

The authors of the United States Constitution believed that the voice of the people should be heard frequently. Which part of the Government was instituted to respond most directly to the will of the people?

Senate House of Representatives Supreme Court Presidency

The authors of the Articles of Confederation established a decentralized political system mainly to

1.cancel state debts incurred during the Revolutionary War 2.assist the southern states in their efforts to gain a

manufacturing base 3.promote the common goal of national sovereignty 4.prevent the abuses of power that had existed under

British rule

Which Presidential action is an example of the unwritten constitution?

appointing Justices to the Supreme Court granting pardons for Federal crimes submitting a treaty to the Senate for ratification consulting with the Cabinet

The significance of the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison is that the decision

1.advanced civil rights for minorities 2.upheld the constitutionality of a national bank 3.limited Presidential control of foreign policy 4.established the power of judicial review

Delegates at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 agreed to create a bicameral legislature as a way to

1.insure speedy passage of legislation 2.assure the right to vote to all adult males 3.address the issue of population differences among the

states 4.satisfy the different interests of the rich and poor

citizens

The major role of political parties in the United States is to protect the American public from corrupt public officials insure that free and honest elections are held nominate candidates for public office and conduct

campaigns meet constitutional requirements for choosing the

President

Adherence to a strict interpretation of the Constitution would have prevented President Thomas Jefferson from

making the Louisiana Purchase writing “State of the Union” messages receiving ambassadors commissioning military officers

Which action is an example of the unwritten constitution? the Senate ratifying a peace treaty Congress passing a law regulating interstate commerce selection of a Presidential candidate by a nominating

convention the President removing an Army officer from command for

insubordination

The United States Constitution grants certain powers only to the Federal Government. For example, only Congress can declare war. These powers are called

police powers reserved powers delegated powers concurrent powers