DO NOWDO NOW

How did the Reformation affect How did the Reformation affect American History? (hint: Mayflower)American History? (hint: Mayflower)

What was the cause of the Thirty What was the cause of the Thirty Years’ War?Years’ War?

What was the Outcome of the Thirty What was the Outcome of the Thirty Years’ War?Years’ War?

Answers:Answers:

1.1. Religious freedoms of the Puritans Religious freedoms of the Puritans led them to America (Pilgrims). led them to America (Pilgrims).

2.2. ReligionReligion

3.3. The Peace of Westphalia 1648The Peace of Westphalia 16481.1. France emerged as the dominant France emerged as the dominant

nation in Europenation in Europe

2.2. Some 300 states that made up the HRE Some 300 states that made up the HRE were recognized as independent thus were recognized as independent thus ending the HRE.ending the HRE.

English Background English Background

Henry VIII (Tudor Dynasty)Henry VIII (Tudor Dynasty)6 Wives6 WivesChildrenChildren

MaryMaryElizabethElizabethEdwardEdward

Revolutions in England Revolutions in England & Absolutism& Absolutism

Obj:Obj: Analyze the breakdown of Absolutism in Analyze the breakdown of Absolutism in EnglandEngland

WieczerzakWieczerzak

WHCWHC

20082008

Tudor Dynasty EndsTudor Dynasty Ends

Tudor Dynasty came to Tudor Dynasty came to an endan end

Elizabeth IElizabeth I died (1603) died (1603)

Stuart Dynasty beginsStuart Dynasty begins James IJames I (cousin) (cousin) ascended to the throneascended to the throne “ “Divine right of Kings”Divine right of Kings”

James IJames I

““The state of monarchy is the supremest The state of monarchy is the supremest thing upon earth ... Kings are justly called thing upon earth ... Kings are justly called Gods, for that they exercise a manner or Gods, for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of divine power upon earth. resemblance of divine power upon earth. For if you will consider the attributes to For if you will consider the attributes to God, you shall see how they agree in the God, you shall see how they agree in the person of a king. God has power to create, person of a king. God has power to create, or destroy, make, or unmake at his or destroy, make, or unmake at his pleasure, to give life, or send death, to pleasure, to give life, or send death, to judge all, and to be judged nor accountable judge all, and to be judged nor accountable to none…”to none…”

Causes of the CIVIL WARCauses of the CIVIL WAR

ReligionReligion

MoneyMoney

PowerPower

James IJames I

Recusancy Act – Recusancy Act – Catholics were Catholics were punished for not attending Anglican punished for not attending Anglican services or activities services or activities

Gunpowder Plot Gunpowder Plot –Catholics plan to –Catholics plan to blow up Parliament (on 5th blow up Parliament (on 5th November 1605) November 1605)

Guy Fawkes (13 total conspirators)Guy Fawkes (13 total conspirators)Upset the Puritans as wellUpset the Puritans as well

Causes of the CIVIL WAR (cont.)Causes of the CIVIL WAR (cont.)

Charles I (son)Charles I (son) Needed $ for wars Needed $ for wars taxestaxes..

Tried to impose uniformity on church services Tried to impose uniformity on church services – – Anglican Book of Common Prayer for both Anglican Book of Common Prayer for both England & ScotlandEngland & Scotland

Some Some PuritansPuritans travelled to America so travelled to America so that they could settle there and follow that they could settle there and follow their own religion freely.their own religion freely.

Civil war (1642)Civil war (1642) (Royalists or (Royalists or CavaliersCavaliers) vs ) vs

(Parliamentarians or (Parliamentarians or RoundheadsRoundheads). ).

Oliver CromwellOliver Cromwell led Parliament to led Parliament to victory! (New Model Army)victory! (New Model Army)

Purged Parliament – Rump ParliamentPurged Parliament – Rump Parliament

Executed Charles I (Voted 68-67)Executed Charles I (Voted 68-67)

Cromwell 1Cromwell 1stst set up a commonwealth then a set up a commonwealth then a military dictatorship.military dictatorship.

Restoration – 1660 Restoration – 1660

HOUSE OF STUART (RESTORED) HOUSE OF STUART (RESTORED) Charles IICharles II (son) is put on the throne. (son) is put on the throne.

Charles the II hid as a child in an oak tree to

avoid capture!!!

Parliament regained power

Charles’ brother becameCharles’ brother became KingKing

James IIJames II became the next king became the next kingOnce more made religion a cause of Once more made religion a cause of

conflictconflict

Why didn’t Parliament do anything?

He was old and had two Protestant daughters.

He has a son with a Catholic wife!He has a son with a Catholic wife!

The Glorious RevolutionThe Glorious Revolution English noblemen invite English noblemen invite William of Orange & William of Orange &

his wife Maryhis wife Mary (James’ daughter) to invade. (James’ daughter) to invade.

James, his wife, and young son flee to France.James, his wife, and young son flee to France.

William & Mary are offered the throne with William & Mary are offered the throne with conditions.conditions.

English Bill of RightsEnglish Bill of Rights

This gave Parliament its power

Destroyed the Theory of Divine Destroyed the Theory of Divine Rights !Rights !

France under Louis XIVFrance under Louis XIV

Louis XIV – Is the Louis XIV – Is the best example of an best example of an Absolute Ruler.Absolute Ruler.

His reign of 72 His reign of 72 years and 110 days years and 110 days is one of the is one of the longest in French longest in French and European and European historyhistory

AbsolutismAbsolutism

An An autocracyautocracy, or rule by a single , or rule by a single person. person.

This person was not to be questioned This person was not to be questioned or disobeyed; this became known as or disobeyed; this became known as "absolutism," since the monarch "absolutism," since the monarch ruled with "absolute" power, that is, ruled with "absolute" power, that is, unshared power. unshared power.

How did Louie maintain his How did Louie maintain his absolute power?absolute power?

Kept officials at Versailles so he could Kept officials at Versailles so he could watch themwatch them

Removed nobles & royals from the Removed nobles & royals from the royal councilroyal council

Kept everyone busy at Versailles with Kept everyone busy at Versailles with court lifecourt life

Attempted to stamp out Attempted to stamp out Protestantism Protestantism

EntranceEntrance

FountainFountain

Hall of MirrorsHall of Mirrors

Queen’s bedroomQueen’s bedroom

King’s bedroomKing’s bedroom

Versailles aerial Versailles aerial

Palace of VersaillesPalace of Versailles

The princes of The princes of Europe began to Europe began to imitate France and imitate France and Louis XIV in Louis XIV in everything from everything from taste in art, food taste in art, food and fashion to and fashion to political systems. political systems.

Louis XIV effectLouis XIV effect