Do Now: Day 1

1. We will begin studying the ancient empire of Rome. What modern day country is Rome located in?

2. Define “aristocracy”.3. Define “oligarchy”.4. Define “democracy”.5. Define “monarchy”. 6. Define “Council of 500”.

EQ: What is the political legacy of Rome?

P- Describe the Roman Republic and compare and contrast it with the American Republic.

ROME!

Agenda

1. Do Now2. Prayer/News and Notes3. Write down EQ and SWBAT4. PPT- end of Greece, beginning of Rome5. Compare and Contrast Roman and American

Republic “P”6. Ticket Out/HW

What happened to the ancient Greek civilization?

• Aristotle’s greatest student, Alexander the Great conquered and united Greece.

• He conquered the middle East.• He expanded his empire all the way to India.• After fighting for 11 years straight his soldiers wanted to

go home. • After Alexander died his generals fought amongst each

other for power and the greatness of Greece was over.• The new powerhouse on the rise was located in what is

modern Italy.

How was Rome founded?• Founding Myth: Mars (Ares) had twins with a woman.

These boys were predicted to be more powerful than the current king. King drowned them, but they were saved by a wolf and grew up strong and killed the uncle and started Rome. ROMULUS AND REMUS

• Truth: Founded by men who saw the strategic location of the 7 hills, its close proximity to the Mediterranean Sea, and the fertile soil that Rome offered

• Founded by a mix of Greeks and Etruscans (Italians from the north of Italy). Eventually Etruscans always ruled.

Types of governments

Type1 Oligarchy2 Aristocracy3 Council of 5004 Democracy5 Monarchy

Description• A. Rule by one all powerful

king or queen• B. The power is with the

people• C. Just a few individuals hold

all the power• D. The wealthy upper class

holds the power• E. They randomly select 500

ordinary citizens to lead the government

DO NOW

Explain why the greatness of the Greek civilization ended and the Roman Republic began. Finish the sentences below. You may use your notes.

The Greek Empire ended when…

The myth about how

Rome started says…

After Tarquin the Harsh ruled the

people decided…

Who was the Last King of Rome?• Tarquin the HARSH was the last king of Rome. (yikes! You

have to be cruel to get a nickname like that!)• Started his reign by refusing to bury the old king,

murdering anyone loyal to him, and making himself head judge of all trials.

• He tricked rival kings into meeting him and threw them in a pool of water and put stones on them so they would drown.

• After his rule, the people of Rome decided they would never have a king EVER again and so the Roman Republic was founded.

Rome claimed: We have the best of everything! Claimed a republic has parts of a democracy, oligarchy, an aristocracy, and a monarchy.

CONSUL CONSUL

The SENATE

The ASSEMBLY

Consuls: •Elected by the assembly•Ruled for only 1 YEAR to limit power•Chief of government•Chief of Army

The Senate:•Chosen from the aristocrats.•Job- to make laws and advise consuls•300 members

The Assembly:•All citizens of Rome. (but only males are citizens)•Grouped according to where they live•Vote on consuls•Makes laws

The American Republic: Executive Branch

EXECUTIVE• 1 ruler• Limited to 8 years of power,

(Two 4 yr. terms) to prevent dictators

• The people elect the president• Job- runs the government, and

is chief of the military• Two other branches to keep

president in check (Legislative and Judicial)

President-?

The American Republic: Legislative Branch

LEGISLATIVE

• Chosen from any American citizen, based on the region they are from.

• Job: make laws and advise the president

• 100 members in Senate, serves 6 years

• 435 members in the House, serves 3 years

• Elected by the people

US Senate and House of Representatives

The Roman Republic and American Republic: Judicial Branch

Rome• 12 Tables- a list of rules that

is the basis for the Roman legal system.

• Upheld by 8 judges• Term- 1 year

America: The Constitution• US Constitution- the basic

law of the United States• Upheld by 9 judges• Term- For Life

Agenda

1. Do Now2. Prayer/News and Notes3. Venn Diagram HW- Turn in!4. Lecture/BBC Video- Why did the Roman

Republic End?5. Ticket Out6. HW

Do Now

Before you do the Do Now take out your reading guide so I can pick it up.

Why do you think Rome fell?

EQ: If the Republic is such a good thing, why did it end?

• SWBAT analyze why the republic ended and the empire began.

• Prayer (thanks for the reminder ScottTu eres mi otro yo (You are my other self)Si te hago dano a ti (If I hurt you)Me hago dano a mi (I hurt myself)Si te amo y te respeto (If I love and respect you)Me amo y me respeto yo. (I love and respect myself.)

Notes

Why did the Roman Republic end? • The gaps between the rich and poor grew wider and wider.• Small farmers couldn’t compete with the rich who had

giant farms• Most farmers were ex-soldiers- they couldn’t believe Rome

would treat them this way after they fought for these people.

• Generals in the army began to grow very powerful, they promised these poor farmers land if they joined.

• Soldiers began to feel more allegiance (loyalty) to generals than the consuls and the Republic.

How did Julius Caesar end the Roman Republic?

• After his year as consul is up, he is not satisfied • Appoints himself general of Gaul (now France)• His men loved him because he fought alongside

them• His victories made him popular all over the empire• The Senate orders Julius to disband his army and

return to Rome• In three years he defeated all opposing Roman

armies and the Senate appointed him dictator

BBC- The end of the Roman Republichttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lfKwywgs1g4

1. What was Julius’ genius idea when he was outnumbered by the Gauls?

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=li8oV4pq4QE

2. What does Julius Caesar mean when he says “Rome does not love her soldiers…she is run by corrupt aristocrats who profess to rule in your name,”? In other words, how does he convince his soldiers to fight with him to take over Rome?

3. What rule did the Senate worry Julius would break? Why would that be dangerous for the Repubilc?4. What was the founding principal of the Roman Republic that Caesar threatened to violate?5. Before Caesar’s threats, how long had the Republic lasted?

POMPEY DECIDES TO FIGHT FOR THE REPUBLIC, CAESAR MUST DEFEAT HIM TO END THE REPUBLIC. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIRlfyz89MM&feature=related

6. What advantages did Pompey have over Caesar?

How did it end?Caesar beats Pompey, even though he is outnumbered because of a miscommunication between Pompey’s calvary. He is

appointed dictator of Rome and the Roman Republic has come to an end.

Ticket Out: Finish this sentence…

The Roman Republic ended because…

1. Take home RESPECT sheet and fill out the “P” for Rome and America.

HW

Do Now Day 2: Read pgs. 161-162 and answer the following questions:

Caesar’s Reforms1. What are some of the reforms made under

Caesar?2. How did Caesar die?

Beginning of the Empire3. Who took over after Caesar?4. How did the Second Triumvirate end?

• EQ: What was life like in Rome?

SWBAT: Be able to analyze how society was set up in ancient Rome.

Agenda

1. Do Now2. Prayer

Tu eres mi otro yo (You are my other self)Si te hago dano a ti (If I hurt you)Me hago dano a mi (I hurt myself)Si te amo y te respeto (If I love and respect you)Me amo y me respeto yo. (I love and respect myself.)

3. Social Classes4. Ticket Out

Summarize: What was the Roman economy like?

• 90% of economy was based on agriculture. This is how Rome made money and supplied itself.

• Created coins called a “Denarius”. It could be used anywhere in the Roman Empire- it was a common monetary system.

• The great road system built by the Romans helped them trade with far off places, like Asia, for things they could not make themselves.

Summarize:How were social classes divided in the Roman Empire?

RichPoor

Slaves

Summarize: What was life like for the Rich? What was life like for the Poor?

What was life like for slaves?RICH POOR SLAVES

•Giant estates and made money off of farming•Owned homes, gardens, slaves•Banquets to show off wealth that included rare foods like parrot-tongue pie and boiled ostrich

•Most were unemployed•Lived off daily rations of grain given to them by the government•Lived in seven story wooden buildings that often collapsed and killed the residents or caught fire

•Had more slaves than any previous civilization•One out of every 3 people in Rome was a slave•If you born to a slave, you were a slave•Most slaves were captured in battle or the people the Romans conquered•Could be bought and sold •Could be punished in any way their master saw fit, including death•Many strong males forced to become gladiators•Many slave rebellions- none worked.•More than one million slaves died trying to reach freedom

Ticket Out

What connections between Panem and Rome can you see?

And America?

Fact or Fiction?

Rome and The Gladiators SWBAT explain how gladiator games kept

peace in the Roman Empire.

1. Why did ancient Rome have gladiator games?2. Why was it called the “Bread and Circus”?3. Who were the gladiators?4. What kind of fights did they participate in?5. How did they pair opponents?6. Where did the fighting styles come from?7. What did the Romans consider “politically

incorrect” when choosing an ethnic fighting style?

Why have the gladiator games?The “Bread and Circus”

The“Bread and Circus”• Slaves = 1/3 of Rome’s population• Conditions of poor terrible- unclean, fire was a constant

danger• Distraction: Emperor suggests “Bread and Circus”• Insulting! The implications of a “Bread and Circus” are that the

public is values food and entertainment more than their rights• To keep the poor happy, they had 150 holidays a year by 250

ADBread & Circus: Retail Stores916 Walnut Street, Newton, MA - (617) 969-1141

Who were the gladiators?• Despite the Hollywood heroics, gladiators did not usually

choose their profession - it chose them. Slaves, prisoners of war and condemned criminals were first in line to be taken up by a lanista, a trainer who would purchase gladiator candidates.

• The lanista sells them or rents them out for use in combats staged by wealthy individuals or public officials.

• Arson, murder, mutiny and bankruptcy were among the acts that could win a sentence of "damnatio ad ludum" or "condemned to the gladiator schools." (As demand for gladiators increased, this judgement became more frequent.)

Who were the gladiators?What kind of fights did they participate in?

How did the pair opponents? Where did the fighting styles come from?

What kind of fights did they participate in?

• http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/interactive/games/gladiator/index_embed.shtml• Very unusual to pit the same styles of fighter of against each other• Originally the different fighting-styles must have evolved from types of combat that the Romans met among the peoples

whom they fought and conquered - thraex literally means an inhabitant of Thrace, the inhospitable land bordered on the north by the Danube and on the east by the notorious Black Sea.

• Subsequently, as the fighting-styles became stereotyped and formalized, a gladiator might be trained in an 'ethnic' style quite different from his actual place of origin.

• It also became politically incorrect to persist in naming styles after peoples who had by now been comfortably assimilated into the empire, and granted privileged relationships with Rome. Hence by the Augustan period the term murmillo replaced the old term samnis, designating a people south of Rome who had long since been subjugated by the Romans and absorbed into their culture.

• As the combat between each pair of gladiators reached its climax, the band played to a frenzied crescendo. The combatants (as we know from mosaics, and from surviving skeletons) aimed at the major arteries under the arm and behind the knee, and tried to batter their opponent's skull. The thirst for thrills even resulted in a particular rarity, female gladiators.

• When the Colosseum opened in 80 AD, it was marked with 100 days of games that featured hundreds of gladiator fights, a ship battle and the slaughter of over an estimated 9,000 animals.

•Within a century of the Colosseum's founding, gladiator games were being held nearly continuously throughout the Roman Empire. Untold thousands of animals and humans died in the process. By the time animal combat was abolished in the 6th century, the rush to supply the games had wiped out elephants from North Africa, lions from Mesopotamia, and hippopotamuses from Nubia.

Set up of gladiator fight

• Gladiatorial displays were red-letter days in communities throughout the empire. The whole spectrum of local society was represented, seated strictly according to status.

Part 1: The combatants paraded beforehand, fully armed.Part 2: Exotic animals might be displayed and hunted in

the early part of the program.Part 3: Prisoners might be executed, by exposure to the

beasts.Part 4/Main Attraction: The actual fight begins

POPULARITY

• Graffiti found in ancient Rome: Celadus, suspirium puellarum = Celadus makes the girls swoon.

Clip 1: 47

• Fact or Fiction? 1. Were gladiators obtained in this way?

Clip 2: 58:23-1:06:30

• 2. Who did not cheer for the emperor on his return?• 3. Fact or Fiction: A black stripe indicated a Senator

in ancient Rome?• 4. Fact or Fiction: Was plague and squalid

conditions a problem for the people of Rome?• 5. Fact or Fiction: Did women ever have influence

on the Senate?• 6. Fact or Fiction: They had 150 holidays each year

so they could hold gladiator games.

Clip 3: 1:20-1:24:45

• Fact or Fiction: • 7. They would make gladiators pretend to be

different armies that Rome had battled and conquered.

• 8. Fact or Fiction: Women participated in the gladiatorial games.

Clip 4: 1:29:12-1:33

• Fact or Fiction:9. The crowd could influence Caesar on whether

to kill or spare a life.• Fact or Fiction: • 10. The thumbs up meant “spare their life”.

Clip 5: 1:40-1:46

• Fact or Fiction: • 11. They handed out free bread to keep the

poor people happy and from rebelling.

Ticket Out

1. Make a list of FIVE FACTS you learned about gladiators.

HW: Finish the “E” and “S” of Rome and America.

Do Now

Summarize the society in Ancient Rome

Agenda

1. Do Now2. Prayer

3. Rome and Religion

3. Ticket Out

EQ: Why is it the Roman Catholic Church?

SWBAT analyze the cause for the rise and widespread popularity of Christianity.

Rome and Religion

• Rome, like Mesopotamia and Greece, was polytheistic. They worshipped many gods.

• They would include the gods of the people they conquered in their own religious practices. So for example, Zeus is known as Jupiter in Roman mythology, Ares is Mars, Poseidon is Neptune, Aphrodite is Venus.

Think Pair Share- Where do we see the legacy of Roman mythology today?

Rome and Christianity• Read from pages 168-172

What made it safe to travel and spread ideas in the Roman empire?

What happened to the Jews after they rebelled?

Why were Christians persecuted in Rome?

Why did Christianity appeal to many?

Who makes Christianity the official religion of Rome?

Review of Christianity

• Jesus’ followers spread the message across their lands. Which was inside the boundaries of the Roman empire. Paul was especially crucial to the spread of Christianity.

• The Pax Romana made travel and spread of ideas safe. When the Pax Romana starts to crumble persecution of Christians intensifies.

• Constantine accepts Christianity after having a vision before battle.

Why was it popular??

• Embraced all people• Gave hope to the powerless• Appealed to those who were repelled by the

extravagances (luxuries) of Rome.• Personal relationship with God• Promised eternal life.

Think Pair Share

Trace the development of religion from Greece all the way to the acceptance of Christianity.

Ticket Out- Tell me!!!

Do Now

Make three inferences about the culture of Rome and how that might lead to its collapse.

The last Emperor of Rome

• Nero the last of the Julio- Claudian (Julius Caesar’s decendants) was obsessed with art and building.

• It is even rumored he intentionally started the Great Roman Fire to clear land for his Domus Aurea

• He was also a bit mad… as we shall see….

Nero

Part 3 (5:08-end)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6JlKG1mjemw&feature=related1. Why was it so scandalous that Nero was an actor?

Part 4 (Beginning to 1:56 and 7:16-end)http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEX-lJXzKWc&feature=related

2. What did Nero want from the Senate? What is he using it for?3. What was Nero’s strategy for calming the unrest in Gaul?

Summarizer: Name three signs of Nero’s madness and why these things led to the end of the Roman Empire.

Why does Rome end?• Reason 1: Pirates are disrupting trade. • Reason 2: Rome spent too much money on building project and wars to expand

the empire. They are broke!• Reason 3: They exhausted the soil from too much farming causing food

shortages and sickness.• Reason 4: As they continue to keep pushing the borders of the empire farther,

tribes and people outside the boundaries of Rome are attacking . (The Huns, Vandals, Visigoths, Franks, Ostrogoths, Saxons)

• Reason 5: The generals have so much power that the soldiers are loyal to the general, not to Rome.

• Reason 6: The gap between the rich and poor continued to grow and grow. • Reason 7: Terrible conditions for the poor caused people to feel no loyalty to

Rome. They didn’t care anymore about what happened to it.• Reason 8: To pay for all of Rome’s debt, they made the poor pay heavy taxes.

Ticket Out

• How is this story of collapse similar to others we have looked at?

DO NOW

Directions: On the sheet provided, please use the RESPECT construct to label the different reasons Rome ended. Some might need more than one letter.

Agenda

1. Do Now2. Prayer/News and Notes3. PPT- Rome Review- Explain upcoming test for

standards (Tuesday Group- Wednesday April 6th)

4. Review Worksheets5. Ticket Out

“R” RomeGreek Culture heavily influence Roman- especially religion.

Romans copy Greek gods and change names. Make emperors gods. (Nero was considered a god)Name two Greek gods and their Roman names.1

Christianity becomes popular for many reasons:•poor sick of the decadence of Rome2

•Gave hope to poor•Promised a better life in heaven•Xstianity embraced ALL people, not just rich

“E” of Rome90% of Rome’s economy came from FARMING!

Rome covered three continents (which 3?) 3, but you could do business anywhere because they had common coinage the denarius. 4.

Rome had an amazing road system that made trading easy in such a large empire. Roads meant they could trade for anything they could not provide themselves. The first highway ever built was the Appian Way.5

“S” of RomeRichPoor

Slaves

Lived excessive lifestyles- parrot tongue pie, endless parties 6

Miserable living conditions, high unemployment7

Captured in battles. More than 1/3 of the population was slaves. It was for life. 8

“P” of RomeAfter Tarquin the Harsh Romans decide to never have a king again! 9

After Tarquin, they decided a Republic was best. It had short terms to limit power. It lasted 500 years.10 Explain set up of the Roman Republic. 11

Julius Caesar ended the Republic.Explain the battle for Gaul and why men were loyal to him. 12 Killed by friend Brutus. 13 Shakespeare play-“Et tu Brutus?” 14

“E” of Rome

• Rich males were the only ones with access to education.

“C” of Rome

The gap between the rich and poor continued to grow in the Roman Empire. To keep the poor happy and prevent a rebellion, they created gladiator games for their entertainment. The nickname was the Bread and Circus. Explain why it was called the “Bread and Circus”. 15 Gladiators were 1.)prisoners of war 2.)criminals and 3.) female volunteers. A thumbs up meant “life”, and thumbs down meant “death”. 16 Explain how fighters were matched. 17 Eventually, Rome had 150 holidays a year to keep the poor from rebelling.18

“T” of RomeThe arch and the dome- Romans were amazing architects!

They also invented the aqueduct to transport water.

Review Partners- Goal R-E-S + P-E-C

• Michelle C. and Denisse• Emerald and Josie• Victor and Humberto• Karen and Daisy T.• Harriet and George• Jenny M. and Michelle S.• Edgar and Andrea• Rodrigo and Stacy• Carissa and Cindy

• Mac and Toffer• Surae and Christine• Clydie and Paige• Ravin and Amal• Blake and Brandon

Do NowConsider the word “classic” and the way it is used:Coca-Cola ClassicClassical MusicDisney Classics1. Come up with your own definition of “classic”.2. Make a guess as to why the ancient Greek and Roman civilizations are called“Classical” civilizations.

Agenda

1. Do Now2. Prayer/News and Notes3. Poster Brainstorm- Definition of Classic4. Expectations/Rubric for Oral Standards Exam5. Time to study (last 25 minutes)6. Ticket Out

Definitions of “Classic”Definition 1: serving as a standard of excellence Example: Cry the Beloved Country is a literary classic works

Definition 2: enduring (lasting a LONG time), traditionalExample: The taste of Coca-Cola will always be loved, for generations

to come. It will be made in the same way because there is no need to change it because it is excellent. Hence the name, Coca-cola classic.

Definition 3: of or relating to the ancient Greeks and Romans or their culture

Example: The White House was built in the Classical Greek style.

Finish Poster

Left to do:1. Add pictures of the Roman RESPECT2. Add 1-2 sentences to describe the CLASSICAL

LEGACY of Rome for at least three letters.

Let’s do some examples together…

The classical legacy of Roman Religion is ____________________. It is classic because the ____________had an enduring effect and in fact, today in America __________________.

Let’s do some examples together…

The classical legacy of Roman Religion is the introduction of Christianity. It is classic because the Christian religion had an enduring effect, in fact, it is the second most popular religion in the world.

Test is on THURSDAY for 7 STANDARDS!

3.0- Can say everything on every slide and needs to be prompted only once during the presentation.

3.5- Can name 9 of the 18 4.0 elements and needs to be prompted only once during the presentation.

4.0- Hits all 4.0 elements and NEVER needs to be prompted.

Ticket Out

1. Name 2 movies that you think are “classics”. Explain why they would get the label “classic”.