DO NOW

• 3 minutes: paste slides into book

We are learning 1. About the skill of explaining perspectives of real people in a real

historical event 2. About racism in south Africa and the background to the 1981 Springbok

Tour I AM SUCCESSFUL IF I CAN 3. Explain in a historically accurate manner, the perspective (point of

view, attitudes, and beliefs) of Joe Hawke on the Bastion Point protests. 4. Include accurate historical evidence throughout my interview. This

includes, for example, reference to actual people, places and events.5. Complete tasks that help me to understand the background to the

Springbok Tour: 2.4 event worth 5 credits

The 1981 Springbok

Tour

RECAPPING

FIVE phases of Maori history

1. 1800-1860 Power and pride 2. 1860-1900 Extension of Pakeha law 3. 1900-1945 Separate and marginalised 4. 1945-1970 Urbanisation and social shock 5. 1970-2013 Assertion and renaissance

1967 Maori Affairs Amendment Act. Much of the remaining Maori land was fragmented into blocks that could not be profitably farmed and so often lay unfarmed. So the National government passed this law which forced all Maori land valued under a certain amount or owned by less than four people to be sold. Many Maori were bitterly opposed to what they saw as the government’s last land grab.

1945-1970 Urbanisation and social shock

1970-2013 Assertion and renaissance

Nga Tamatoa (Young Warriors) A University based activist group • Made up of young urban Maori, mostly university graduates and well

versed with modern methods of protest like marches, sit ins which were used to great effect by African American leaders in the 1960s Offices in Auckland, Christchurch, Wellington

• Wanted 1967 Maori Affairs Amendment Act overturned, Waitangi Day celebrations until Treaty was honoured, NZ sporting links to South Africa to be cut because South Africa had a racist government that treated blacks in South Africa as second class citizens.

• Appealed to the young, urban. Few Maori elders liked their bold and modern protest tactics like loud marches and picketing.

• The most common Pakeha response was that there was nothing wrong with the way things were and that self-determination would undermine unity in New Zealand and cause division and conflict.

1975 Land March • The 1967 Maori Affairs Amendment Act had led to huis

around maraes in NZ outlining Maori concerns over the loss of land. They planned a hikoi from the Far North to Wellington and it became the largest ever protest action taken by Maori.

• 1100km were covered in 30 days by a core of fifty marchers who were joined by many more as it progressed. An estimated 30 000-40000 people partipated at some point in the march. The marchers called for the protection of remaining Maori land and the removal of laws which enabled the government to take Maori land. The march raised awareness of Maori perspectives of race relations and land in NZ.

1970-2013 Assertion and renaissance

1977/1978 Bastion Point Occupation in Auckland

1970-2013 Assertion and renaissance

Māori Renaissance – wikipedia 1. the revival of te reo Māori with the founding of the first

kōhanga reo in 1982 and the passing of the Māori Language Act in 1987;

2. the land-focused Māori protest movement, with the Bastion Point occupation in 1977—1978;

3. the Springbok tour which led to international indigenous connections;

4. the landmark Te Maori art exhibition in which Māori exhibited Māori art internationally for the first time.

5. The culmination has arguably been the Treaty of Waitangi claims and settlements starting in 1992, which have addressed the erosion of the Māori economic base.

Bastion Point occupation

TASKS • Read document and highlight on the sheet

‘actual people, places and events’ in one colour and reasons for Ngati-Whatua’s perspective in another colour.

• Paraphrase reasons for Ngati-Whatua’s perspective and add to T – chart

• Discuss marked diary entries on the abortion issue

Practice 2.4 – 5 credits 500-600 words

( 30 more minutes)

I AM SUCCESSFUL IF I CAN 1. Explain, in a historically accurate manner, the perspective

(point of view, attitudes, and beliefs) of Joe Hawke on the Bastion Point protests.

2. Include accurate historical evidence throughout my interview. This includes, for example, reference to actual people, places and events.

PERSON ONE: Tonight on ‘Current Affairs’, we are interviewing Ngati Whatua protest leader, Joe Hawke. Welcome to the show Joe. We’ve seen the news items on television and I’m sure our viewers have their own views but what is your view of the events at Bastion Point?

The 1981 Springbok

Tour

South Africa South Africa: First white people settled there in the 1600s Before 1948: Four ‘races’ 1. Whites: Descendants of Dutch or English 2. Blacks made up of ten tribes 3. Coloured or mixed race 4. Indians • Blacks could not own land outside of their reserves which made up

13% of their territory • Blacks could only work in cities if they had passes on them, but could

not live in them • Whites and Coloureds only had access to skilled jobs• Failure to carry a pass resulted in imprisonment

Racial separation was founded on racism and aimed to • Prevent interbreeding • Guarantee the best land and jobs to whites • Prevent blacks from having greater say than

white in elections and government

South Africa

After 1948 Dutch Whites gained control of government and further entrenched the country’s racist laws. They saw the country made up of four distinct nations that must be kept separate by ‘apartheid’ laws such as these: • 1949 / 1950, inter-racial marriage and sexual relations

became illegal • 1950 – Everyone was classified as one of four races by

the government depending on their appearance • Different features and therefore racial classification

meant some families and relatives had to live in different areas.

Apartheid in South Africa

• 1960 – blacks lost all rights to vote except in their tribal reserves • The best areas of cities were reserved for whites and others had

to move out. • From 1950-1980 approx. 3.5 million blacks were relocated by the

government to places that were overcrowded, had no work and with poor soil. Sometimes blacks were moved from places that they had lived for generations.

• Beaches, restaurants, buses, bus stops, hospitals, ambulances, sports teams, schools and universities were all segregated by law

• Black school students received on average 10% of the funding from the government that white children received. They were taught that their culture was inferior to white culture.

• The main White Dutch reformed church supported apartheid

Apartheid in South Africa

1960 Sharpesville Massacre • A group of blacks were protesting the need

to carry their passbooks • 300 police felt threatened even though the

blacks were unarmed • Police opened fire and killed 69, injuring

186.

1976 Soweto Riot • Between 3000 – 10000 black school students

met in a soccer stadium to protest government plans to make all instruction in black school in the Afrikaans language.

• Some started throwing stones. 50 police tried tear gas and felt it was not working so opened fire.

• Police claimed a death toll of 23, but more reliable figures range from 176 to 600.

BACKGROUND TO THE TOUR

• Read p. 70 and half of 71 as a class • Activity 1, page 71 of the textbook – make

your list of dates half a page • Activity 2, page 71 of the textbook

1. What other protesters have broken laws because they thought they were morally wrong?

Doco