do now: 10/24 what are the differences between the urban and rural lifestyles? give examples. what...
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Do Now: 10/24
• What are the differences between the urban and rural lifestyles?
• Give Examples.
• What conflicts arose between the urban and rural lifestyles of the 1920s?
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Rural Life• Prosperity of the decade bypassed blacks and
farmers• 1900- 42% 0f all Americans were farmers• 1929- 25% were farmers
– Movement from the countryside to the cities• Overproduction of farm goods and plunge in prices
– Farmers failed to make mortgage payments– Farm crisis and depression
• Protective of traditional values and morals
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Urban Life• 1920
– New York City- 5.6 million– Chicago- 3 million– Philadelphia- 2 million
• City Life-– Reading– Arguing current scientific and social ideas– Tolerated drinking, gambling and casual dating
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•What is the theory of evolution?
•Is it taught in your biology classes?
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Fundamentalism
Protestant movementgrounded in a literal, ornonsymbolic, interpretationof the Bible
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Fundamentalism• Preachers led religious
revivals to plea for sinners to pledge themselves to clean Christian living-
• Billy Sunday and Aimee McPherson
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Fundamentalism• Skeptical of some scientific
discoveries and theories– Rejected the theory of evolution
advanced by Charles Darwin in the 19th century (especially claim that humans evolved from apes.)
– Pointed to the Bible’s account in which God made the world in six days
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The Scopes Trial
• March 1925- Tennessee passed the nation’s first law that made it a crime to teach evolution
– American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) promised to defend any teacher who challenged the law
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The Scopes Trial
• John T. Scopes, young biology teacher from Dayton, Tennessee accepted challenge
– Clarence Darrow (ACLU) lawyer defended Scopes
– William Jennings Bryan- special prosecutor and devout fundamentalist
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Bryan Darrow
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“The Monkey Trial”• Trial began on July 10, 1925- national
sensation
• Covered live on the radio
• No scientists were allowed to be called
• Darrow called Bryan as expert of the Bible- he admitted that the Bible might be interpreted in different ways
• Big-city newspaper reporters very hostile to Bryan
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“The Monkey Trial”
• Scopes found guilty and fined $100.• Bryan died 5 days after end of trial
• H.L. Mechken’s obituary for Bryan– Called Bryan a “charlatan, a mountebank, (A
person who deceives others, esp. in order to trick them out of their money) a zany without shame or dignity”
– Motivated by “hatred of city men who had laughed at him for so long.”
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“Inherit the Wind”- 1960• Teacher B.T. Cates is arrested for
teaching Darwin's theories. Famous lawyer Henry Drummond defends him; fundamentalist politician Matthew Brady prosecutes. This is a very thinly disguised rendition of the 1925 "Scopes monkey trial" with debates between Clarence Darrow and William Jennings Bryan taken largely from the transcripts.
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Intelligent Design• Controversial assertion that
certain features of the universe and of living things exhibit the characteristics of a product resulting from an intelligent cause or agent, not an unguided process such as natural selection.
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Modern Day “Scopes Trial”• Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District
• December 2005; Pennsylvania
• Suit brought by 11 parents challenges the Dover Area School District’s adoption last year of including “intelligent design” in the science curriculum along with teaching evolution
• Injecting religion into curriculum violates the 1st amendment
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Modern Day “Scopes Trial”• Defendants argue that they are
not supporting creationism but that the curriculum should help students to understand the full range of scientific views that exist.
• Textbook- Of Pandas and People can be found in school library
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Questions to Consider:
• Does Intelligent Design have a place in a science curriculum?
• Is Intelligent design a valid scientific theory?
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Socratic Seminar
Do you believe that the Dover Board of Education violated the
constitutional separation of church and state by requiring high school
biology students to hear a statement that denigrates the theory
of evolution and introduces intelligent design?
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