do an (anh hwng)

8/4/2019 Do an (Anh Hwng)

1/84

HC VIN CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNGKHOA VIN THNG 1

NTT NGHIP I HC

ti:CNG NGH IPTV

V TRIN KHAI TI VIN THNG THANH HA

Sinh vin thc hin: KIU KHC CNG

H Ni - 2011


2/84

HC VI CNG NGHB CHNH VIN THNGKHOA VIN THNG 1

NT T NGHI I HC

ti

CNG NGH IPTV

V T IN KHAI TI VIN THNG THANH HA

Gi g vi hng dn : ThS. V HNG SNSinh vi n thc hi n : KI KHC CNGLp : H09VT3

Kho : 2009-2011H : LIN THNG C-H CHNH QUY

H Ni 2011


3/84

HC VIN

CNG NGH BU CHNH VIN THNG

KHOA VIN THNG 1

CNG HA X HI CH NGHA VIT

NAM

c lp T do Hnh phc

TI N TT NGHIP I HC

H v tn sinh vin : Kiu Khc Cng

Lp : H09VT3 Kho : 2009 - 2011

Ngnh o to : in t Vin thng

H o to : HCKT i hc Chnh quy

1/ T n ti:

CNG NGH IPTV V T IN KHAI TI VIN THNG THANH HA

2/ Ni dung chnh ca n:

Gii thiu chng v IPTV.

Cu trc v Cng ngh IPTV

Trin khai ti Vin thng Thanh Ha.

3/ Ngy giao n : 15/06/2011

4/ Ngy np n : 15/08/2011

H Ni, ngy 15 thng 06 nm 2011

GIO VIN HNG DN

ThS. V Hng Sn


4/84

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

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im: (bng ch ................................ . )

H Ni, ngy thng nm 2011Gio vi n hng dn

ThS: V Hng Sn


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NHN XT CA GIO VIN PHN BIN

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im: (bng ch .........................)H Ni, ngy thng nm 2011

Gio vi n phn bin


6/84

n tt nghip ihc Mc lc

Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 ii

MC LC

MC LC ................................................................................................................ II

DANH MC HNH V .......................................................................................... VI

DANH MC BNG BIU ....................................................................................VII

THUT NG VITTT.................................................................................... VIII

LI NI U ........................................................................................................... 1

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V CNG NGH MAN-E ................................ ........ 3

1.1TNGQUANVCNGNGHVXUHNGPHTTRIN ....................... 3

1.1.1 Gii thiu chung v MAN - E ................................ ................................ ...... 31.1.2 nh gi v cng ngh mng Metro Ethernet ................................ ............. 3

1.1.2.1 Tnh d s dng ................................................................................... 3

1.1.2.2 Hiu qu v chi ph ................................ ................................ .............. 3

1.1.2.3 Tnh linh hot ...................................................................................... 3

1.1.2.4 Tnh chun ha .................................................................................... 4

1.1.3 ng dng mng MAN - E ................................ ................................ ........... 4

1.1.4 Cc xu hng cng ngh pht trin mng MAN - E v ng dng ................ 4

1.1.4.1 Xu hng pht trin cng ngh mng MAN - E ................................ ... 4

1.1.4.2 Xu hng dch v tc cao ................................ ............................... 5

1.2KINTRCMNGMAN-E .............................................................................. 6

1.2.1 Lp dch v Ethernet (ETH layer) ................................ ............................... 7

1.2.2 Lp truyn ti dch v ................................................................................. 7

1.2.3 Lp dch v ng dng ................................................................................. 7

1.2.4 Cc im tham chiu .................................................................................. 7

1.3DCHVMNGMAN-E................................................................................... 8

1.3.1 Tng quan dch v mng MAN - E ................................ .............................. 8

1.3.1.1 Gii thiu chung v dch v mng MAN - E ................................ ........ 81.3.1.2 Cc kiu dch v mng MAN - E ................................ ....................... 10

1.3.1.3 Phn loi dch v ca MEF ................................................................ 10

1.3.2 Dch v E-LINE ........................................................................................ 10

1.3.2.1 Dch v Ethernet Private Line (EPL).................................................. 11

1.3.2.2 Dch v Ethernet Virtual Private Line (EVPL) ................................... 12

1.3.3 Dch v E-LAN ......................................................................................... 12


7/84


Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 iii

1.3.3.1 Dch v Ethernet Private LAN (EP-LAN) ................................ .......... 13

1.3.3.2 Dch v Ethernet Virtual Private LAN (EVP-LAN) ........................... 14

1.3.4 Dch v E-TREE ....................................................................................... 14

1.3.4.1 Dch v Ethernet Private Tree - EP-Tree ................................ ............ 15

1.3.4.2 Dch v Ethernet Virtual Private Tree - EVP-Tree ............................. 16

1.4KTLUNCHNG1 ..................................................................................... 16

CHNG 2: CNG NGH NG DNG CHO MAN-E ................................ .... 18

2.1TNGQUANVCNGNGHMNGMAN-E ............................................ 18

2.1.1 Cng ngh SDH ........................................................................................ 18

2.1.1.1 Tng quan: ......................................................................................... 18

2.1.1.2. u im Nhc im ................................ ................................ ..... 19

2.1.2 Cng ngh WDM ...................................................................................... 20

2.1.2.1. Tng quan ......................................................................................... 20

2.1.2.2. u im - Nhc im: ................................ ................................ .... 20

2.1.3 Cng ngh RPR ........................................................................................ 21

2.1.3.1 Tng quan .......................................................................................... 21

2.1.3.2 u im - Nhc im ................................ ................................ ...... 21

2.1.4 Cng ngh thun Ethernet ........................................................................ 22

2.1.4.1 Tng quan .......................................................................................... 22

2.1.4.2 Chun Q-in-Q (802.1ad) .................................................................... 23

2.1.4.3 ng gi Q-in-Q ................................................................................ 23

2.1.4.4 Kt cui Q-in-Q ................................................................................. 242.1.4.5 u im - Nhc im ................................ ................................ ...... 24

2.1.5 Cng ngh PBT ........................................................................................ 25

2.1.5.1 Tng quan .......................................................................................... 25

2.1.5.2 u im-Nhc im ........................................................................ 25

2.1.6 Cng ngh MPLS ................................ ................................ ...................... 26

2.1.6.1 Tng quan .......................................................................................... 26

2.1.6.2 u im Nhc im...................................................................... 26

2.2CNGNGHPBBVPBB-TE ......................................................................... 272.2.1 Tng quan v PBB .................................................................................... 27

2.2.1.1 Gii thiu ................................ ................................ ........................... 27

2.2.1.2 Mt s nh gi ................................................................................. 27

2.2.2 Cng ngh PBB-TE .................................................................................. 31

2.2.2.1. Chun MAC-in-MAC (802.1ah) ....................................................... 31

2.2.2.2 Chun PBB-TE (802.1Qay) ............................................................... 34


8/84


Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 iv

2.3CNGNGHMPLS ........................................................................................... 35

2.3.1 C bn v MPLS ....................................................................................... 35

2.3.1.1 Gii thiu v MPLS ........................................................................... 35

2.3.1.2 Cc khi nim c bn ................................ ................................ ......... 35

2.3.1.3 Hot ng ca MPLS ................................ ................................ ......... 37

2.3.2 Cng ngh EoMPLS ................................................................................. 382.3.2.1 Tng quan v EoMPLS ...................................................................... 38

2.3.2.2 c im ........................................................................................... 39

2.4CNGNGHT-MPLS ....................................................................................... 40

2.4.1 Tng quan v cng ngh T-MPLS ............................................................. 40

2.4.1.1 C bn v mng truyn ti ................................................................. 41

T.4.1.2 Gii thiu v T-MPLS ....................................................................... 41

2.4.2 Cng ngh T-MPLS .................................................................................. 43

2.4.2.1 Cc khi nim c bn ................................ ................................ ......... 432.4.2.2 Kin trc mng T-MPLS ................................ ................................ .... 43

2.5KTLUNCHNG2 ..................................................................................... 44

CHNG 3: NG DNG CNG NGH MAN-E TI VIN THNG YN BI

.................................................................................................................................. 45

3.1.IUKINAL,CIMKINHTXHICAYNBI............... 45

3.2TNGQUANMNGVINTHNGVNPTYNBI ..................................... 45

3.2.1. H thng chuyn mch ................................ ................................ ............ 45

3.2.2. H thng truyn dn ................................................................ ............... 473.2.3 H thng xDSL ................................ ................................ ........................ 50

3.3.NGDNGCNGNGHMAN-ETIVINTHNGYNBI .................. 51

3.3.1 Chc nng cu trc ca mng MAN-E theo m hnh VNPT Yn Bi ......... 51

3.3.1.1 Chc nng.......................................................................................... 51

3.3.1.2 Cu trc ............................................................................................. 51

3.3.1.3 Truyn dn trong mng Metro............................................................ 52

3.3.2 Cu trc mng MAN - E Yn Bi giai on 2007 - 2008 ......................... 53

3.3.2.1 u t mi thit b MAN - E ................................ ........................... 533.3.2.2 u t mi mng cp quang .............................................................. 54

3.4 TNGHPCCDANHMCUTGIAION2007-2008 .................... 55

3.4.1 Mng MAN-E giai on 2007-2008 ................................ ......................... 55

3.4.2 Mng cp quang ................................ ................................ ...................... 55

3.4.3 M hnh tng qut mng MAN E Yn Bi nm 2008 ........................... 57

3.5 TNGHPCCDANHMCUTGIAION2009 -2010.................. 61


9/84


Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 v

3.5.1 Mng Truyn dn ..................................................................................... 62

3.5.2. V Chuyn mch ...................................................................................... 62

3.5.3 V mng truy nhp xDSL .......................................................................... 64

3.6 KTLUNCHNG3 .................................................................................... 67

KT LUN.............................................................................................................. 68

TI LIU THAM KHO....................................................................................... 81


10/84

n tt nghip ihc Danh mc hnh v

Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 vi

DANH MC HNH V

Hnh 1.1 Xu hng pht trin cng ngh MAN-E ................................ ....................... 5Hnh 1.1 M hnh mng theo cc lp........................................................................... 6Hnh 1.2 M hnh cc im tham chiu ....................................................................... 7Hnh 1.4 M hnh dch v MAN - E ................................ ................................ ............ 8Hnh 1.5 EVC im-im ............................................................................................ 9Hnh 1.6 EVC a im-a im ................................ ................................ ................. 9Hnh 1.7 EVC im-a im ....................................................................................... 9Hnh 1.8 E-LINE s dng EVC im - im ................................ ............................. 11Hnh 1.9 Dch v EPL ............................................................................................... 11Hnh 1.10 Dch v EVPL (Ethernet Virtual Private Line) ................................ ......... 12Hnh 1.11 Dch v E-LAN s dng EVC a im-a im ................................ ...... 12Hnh 1.12 Dch v EP-LAN ...................................................................................... 13Hnh 1.13 Dch v EVP-LAN (Ethernet Virtual Private LAN) ................................ .. 14Hnh 1.14 Dch v E-Tree s dng Rooted-Multipoint EVC ..................................... 14Hnh 1.15 Dch v E-Tree ................................ ................................ ........................ 15Hnh 1.16 Dch v EP-Tree ................................ ................................ ...................... 15Hnh 1.17 Dch v EVP-Tree (Ethernet Virtual Private Tree) ................................ ... 16Hnh 2.1 Cu trc bn tin Q-in-Q ................................ ................................ ............. 23Hnh 2.2 Hot ng ca 802.1ah ............................................................................... 33Hnh 2.3 Kt ni gia cc vng mng Q-in-Q qua mt mng MAC-IN MAC ................ 33

Hnh 2.4 Cu trc nhn MPLS ................................................................ ..................... 35Hnh 2.5 Hot ng ca MPLS ................................................................................. 37Hnh 2.6 M hnh EoMPLS....................................................................................... 38Hnh 2.7 c im ca EoMPLS .............................................................................. 39Hnh 2.8 M hnh mng truyn ti ................................ ................................ ............. 41Hnh 3.1 : S mng kt ni h thng chuyn mch Yn Bi ................................ . 46Hnh 3.2 S mng truyn dn Yn Bi ................................ ................................ 47Hnh 3.3 S mng Internet Yn Bi ................................ ................................ ...... 50Hnh 3.5 S cu hnh tng qut mng MAN - E Yn Bi ................................ .... 58Hnh 3.6 S cu hnh Ring 1................................ ................................ ................ 59Hnh 3.7 S Cu hnh Ring 2 ................................ ................................ ............... 60Hnh 3.8 S cu hnh Ring 3 ................................................................................ 60 Hnh 3.9 S cu hnh Ring 4 ................................ ................................ ................ 61


11/84

n tt nghip ihc Danh mc bng biu

Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 vii

DANH MC BNG BIU

Bng 2.1 nh dng bn tin MAC-in-MAC ................................ ............................... 32

Bng 2.2 khuyn ngh ca ITU-T cho cng ngh T-MPLS ................................ ....... 42

Bng 3.1 Cc thit b ti node mng .......................................................................... 48

Bng 3.2 Dung lng v khong cch cc tuyn cp quang ................................ ....... 49

Bng 3.3 Core CES v trm Access CES .................................................................. 53

Bng 3.4 Core CES v trm Access CES .................................................................. 55

Bng 3.5 Tuyn cp quang b xung .......................................................................... 56

Bng 3.6 tht b m rng trm CES ................................ ................................ ........... 64

Bng 3.7 lp mi trm CES ....................................................................................... 65

Bng 3.8 thit b MAN-E m rng giai on 2009-2010 ........................................... 66


12/84

n tt nghip ihc Thut ng vit tt

Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 viii

THUT NG VITTT

ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode truyn dn khng ng b

ARP Address Resolution Protocol Giao thc phn gii a ch

ATMARP ATM Address ResolutionProtocol

Giao thc phn gii a chATM

BGP Border Gateway Protocol Giao thc cng ng bin

CE Customer EquiMAN - Et Thit b pha khch hng

CIR Committe Information Rate Tc thng tin cam kt

CoS Class of Service Lp dch v

CR Constrained Routing nh tuyn cng bc

CR-LDP Constrained Routing-LDP nh tuyn cng bc-LDP

CR-LSP Constrained Routing-LSP nh tuyn cng bc-LSP

CSPF Constrained SPF SPF cng bc

DiffServ Differentiated Service dch v c phn bit

DLCI Data Link Connection Identifer Nhn dng kt ni lin kt dliu

DTP Dynamic Trunking Protocol Giao thc trunking ng

EIR Excess Information Rate Tc thng tin ti a

EPL Ethernet Private Line Dch v Ethernet ring im-

imEoMPLS Ethernet over Multiprotocol Label

SwitchingEthernet qua chuyn mchnhn a giao thc

ER Explicit Routing nh tuyn hin

EVC Ethernet Virtual Circuit Knh o Ethernet

FR Frame Relay Chuyn tip khung

FEC Fowarding Equivalent Class Lp chuyn tip tng ng

HSI High Speed Internet Internet tc cao

IETF Internet Engineering Task Force Nhm tc v k thut InternetIP Internet Protocol Giao thc Internet

IntServ Integrated Service Dch v c tch hp

L2VPN Layer 2 Virtual Private Network Mng ring o lp 2

L3VPN Layer 3 Virtual Private Network Mng ring o lp 3

LAN Local Area Network Mng cc b

LANE LAN Emulation M phng LAN


13/84


Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 ix

LDP Label Distribution Protocol Giao thc phn b nhn

LER Label Edge Router Router bin nhn

LIB Label Information Base C s thng tin nhn

LSP Label Switched Path ng dn chuyn mch nhn

LSR Label Switch Router Router chuyn mch nhnMEF Metro Ethernet Forum Din n Ethernet th

MEN Metro Ethernet Network Mng Ethernet th

MG Media Gateway Cng a phng tin

MPLS Multiprotocol Label Switching Chuyn mch nhn a giaothc

MPOA Multiprotocol Over ATM a giao thc trn ATM

NGN Next Generation Network Mng th h k tip

NHRP Next Hop Resolution Protocol Giao thc phn gii chng ktip

OAM &P Operation AdministrativeManageMAN - Et & Provide

Qun tr, vn hnh v cung cp

OSPF Open Shortest Path First Giao thc ng i ngn nhtu tin

PBB-TE Provider Backbone Bridge -Traffice Engineering

Nh cung cp lu lng ngtrc

PBT Provider Backbone Transport Nh cung cp truyn ti ng

trcPE Provider Edge Thit b bin ca nh cung cp

PID Protocol Identifier Nhn dng giao thc

PNNI Private Network-NetworkInterface

Giao din ring mng mngring o

QoS Quality of Service Cht lng dch v

RESV Resevation Bn tin dnh trc

RFC Request For Comman Yu cu kin

RPR Resilent Packet Ring Vng phc hi gi

RSVP Resource Resevation Protocol Giao thc dnh trc tinguyn

SAN Storage Area Network Mng lu tr

SG Signaling Gateway Cng bo hiu

SPF Shortest Path First ng i ngn nht u tin

STM Synchronous Transmission Mode Ch truyn dn ng b


14/84


Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 x

SVC Signaling Virtual Circuit Knh o bo hiu

TCP Transission Control Protocol Giao thc iu khin truyndn

TGW Traffic Gateway Cng lu lng

T-MPLS Transport MPLS Truyn ti chuyn mch nhna giao thc

TLV Time To Live Thi gian sng

ToS Type of Service Kiu dch v

UDP User Datagram Protocol Giao thc lc d liu

UNI User Network Interface Giao din mng ngi dng

VC Virtual Circuit Knh o

VCI Virtual Circuit Identifier Nhn dng knh o

VoD Video on Demand Dch v video theo yu cu

VNPT Vietnam Post &Telecommunications

Tp on BCVT Vit Nam

VLAN Virtual Local Area Network Mng LAN o

VP Virtual Path ng o

VPN Virtual Private Network Mng ring o

VPI Virtual Path Identifier Nhn dng ng o

WAN Wide Area Network Mng din rng


15/84

n tt nghip ihc Liniu

Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 1

LI NI U

Hin nay, cng vi s pht trin ca x hi, nhu cu pht trin thng tin ngy

cng cao i hi cp bch vic ci tin v nng cp mng li vin thng cho ph hp

vi xu th mi. Hin ti v trong thi gian ti, nhu cu pht trin cc loi hnh dch v

nh thoi, Internet, Data, cc dch v bng rng, ang ngy mt tng v khng th tch

ri cuc sng ca con ngi. Do vy mng thng tin phi m bo v p ng y

v mt k thut, c bng tn rng, tc cao, h tr nhiu loi hnh dch v phc

v i sng x hi.

Cng vi xu hng pht trin cng ngh v mng vin thng trn th gii, Tp

on VNPT ang trin khai mnh m mng th h sau c mng li v phn truy

nhp. Ti cc tnh, Tp on VNPT c k hoch trin khai mng Metro da trncng ngh Ethernet p ng yu cu v truyn ti bng rng.

Vi mong mun c tip cn vi cc loi hnh dch v mi, cc kin trc xy

dng mng mi, ti la chn ti tt nghip: Cng ngh mng MAN - E v ng

dng trn mng Vin thng Yn Bi vi nhng ni dung c th sau:

- Chng 1: Tng quan v cng ngh MAN-E (Metro Area Network Ethernet);

Trnh by kin trc mng MAN-E, dch v mng MAN-E, cc thuc tnh ca

dch v mng MAN-E.- Chng 2: Cc cng ngh ng dng cho MAN-E

- Chng 3: ng dng cng ngh MAN-E trn mng Vin thng Yn Bi

Em xin trn trng cm n c gio ThS. Nguyn Th Thy Hng, cc thy c gio

trong Hc vin Cng ngh Bu Chnh Vin Thng hng dn em trong sut thi

gian hc tp v lm n tt nghip ti trng. Ti xin cm n bn b gip ,

chia s trong thi gian va qua v mong mun tip tc nhn c nhng tnh cm qu

bu trong cuc sng.

H ni, thng 08 nm 2011

Sinh vi n thc hin

Duy Hng


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17/84

n tt nghip ihc Chng 1: Tng quan v Cng ngh MAN-E

Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 3

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V CNG NGH MAN-E

1.1 TNG QUAN V CNG NGH V XU HNG PHTT IN

1.1.1 Gii thiu chung v MAN - E

Mng Ethernet th l mng s dng cng ngh Ethernet, kt ni cc mng cc

b ca cc t chc v c nhn vi mt mng din rng WAN hay vi Internet.

Vic p dng cng ngh Ethernet vo mng cung cp dch v mang li nhiu li

ch cho c nh cung cp dch v ln khch hng. Bn thn cng ngh Ethernet tr

nn quen thuc trong nhng mng LAN ca doanh nghip trong nhiu nm qua; gi

thnh cc b chuyn mch Ethernet tr nn rt thp; bng thng cho php m rng

vi nhng bc nhy ty l nhng u th tuyt i ca Ethernet so vi cc cng

ngh khc. Vi nhng tiu chun v ang c thm vo, Ethernet s mang li mtgii php mng c tin cy, kh nng m rng v hiu qu cao v chi ph u t.

1.1.2 nh gi v cng ngh mng Metro Ethernet

1.1.2.1 Tnh d s dng

Dch v Ethernet da trn giao din Ethernet chun, dng rng ri trong cc h

thng mng cc b. Hu nh tt c cc thit b v my ch trong LAN u kt ni

dng Ethernet, v vy m rng vic s dng Ethernet kt ni cc mng cung cp

dch v vi nhau s n gin ha qu trnh hot ng v cc chc nng qun tr, qun

l v cung cp (OAM &P).

1.1.2.2 Hiu qu v chiph

Dch v Ethernet lm gim chi ph u t v chi ph vn hnh. S ph bin ca

Ethernet trong hu ht tt c cc sn phm mng nn giao din Ethernet c chi ph

khng t. Gi thnh thit b thp, chi ph qun tr v vn hnh thp hn, t tn km

hn nhng dch v cnh tranh khc. Nhiu nh cung cp dch v Ethernet cho php

nhng thu bao tng thm bng thng mt cch kh mm do, cho php thu bao thm

bng thng khi cn thit v h ch tr cho nhng g h cn

1.1.2.3 Tnh linh hot

Dch v Ethernet cho php nhng thu bao thit lp mng ca h theo nhng

cch hoc l phc tp hn hoc l khng th thc hin vi cc dch v truyn thng

khc. V d: mt cng ty thu mt giao tip Ethernet n c th kt ni nhiu mng

v tr khc nhau thnh lp mt Intranet VPN ca h, kt ni nhng i tc kinh

doanh thnh Extranet VPN hoc kt ni Internet tc cao n ISP. Vi dch v


18/84


Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 4

Ethenet, cc thu bao cng c th thm vo hoc thay i bng thng trong vi pht

thay v trong vi ngy ngy hoc thm ch vi tun khi s dng nhng dch v mng

truy nhp khc (Frame relay, ATM,). Ngoi ra, nhng thay i ny khng i hi

thu bao phi mua thit b mi hay ISP c cn b k thut n kim tra, h tr ti ch.

1.1.2.4 Tnh chun ha

MEF ang tip tc nh ngha v chun ha cc loi dch v v cc thuc tnh

ny, cho php cc nh cung cp dch v c kh nng trao i gii php ca h mt

cch r rng, cc thu bao c th hiu v so snh cc dch v mt cch tt hn.

1.1.3 ng dngmng MAN - E

H tr nhiu loi ng dng v dch v thuc th h mng k tip. Di y l

mt s ng dng tiu biu:

- Kt ni gia cc LAN

- Truyn ti a ng dng

- Mng ring o Metro

- Kt ni im - im tc cao

- Mng lu tr

- LAN Video/Video Training

- CAD/CAM

- Cc ng dng sao lu d phng

- Truyn s liu Y t

- Hnh nh

- Scientific Modeling

- Streaming Media

- Server Backup

- Cc ng dng Back-end Server

- Cc ng dng lu tr (iSCSI)

1.1.4 Cc xu hng cng ngh pht trin mng MAN - E v ng dng

1.1.4.1 Xu hngpht trin cng ngh mng MAN - E

c th ng dng Ethernet vo h tng mng vin thng, rt nhiu cng ngh

truyn ti c nghin cu, th nghim. Nhng ni bt ln hin nay l cc cng

ngh sau:

- MPLS

- T-MPLS

- PBB-TE


19/84


Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 5

Cng ngh truyn ti s dng MPLS: Cung cp kt ni ng trc tin cy trn

c s cng ngh chn mui, cung cp thnh cng cc dch v im im, a im

v phn tch vng qun tr. MPLS v ang c a s cc nh cung cp thit b h

tr.

Cng ngh truyn ti s dngT-MPLS (Transport MPLS; ITU G.8110):

doAlcatel Lucent xng v ng vai tr pht trin ch o. Lc b mt s tnh

nng iu khin ca MPLS n gin ha hot ng chuyn mch, vn k tha

nhng im mnh ca MPLS. HIn c chun ha mt s chun c bn. Cng

ngh ny ln u tin kim th cng khai vi 5 nh cung cp v thit lp thnh cng

dch v im im (do EANTC tin hnh kim th nm 2006).

Cng ngh PBB-TE (802.1Qay Provider Backbone Bridging Traffic

Engineering): hay cn gi PBB-TE do Nortel xut. S dng cc tnh nng c bn

ca Ethernet, cng vi cc ci tin v iu khin lu lng, qun l OAM, theo di

hiu nng c th s dng c trong mi trng mng cung cp dch v vn i

hi nghim ngt v cht lng dch v. Hin c chun ha OAM v mt s

chun truyn ti.

Hnh v di y minh ha xu hng pht trin cng ngh mng MAN - E

Hnh 1.1 Xu hngpht trin cng ngh MAN-E

1.1.4.2 Xu hng dch v tc cao

Mng MAN - E c nghin cu trin khai vi mc ch ch yu l cung cp h

tng m bo cho cc dch v yu cu bng thng ln, tc cao, mm do trong qun


20/84

n t

tnghi i hc Chng 1: Tng q an v C ng ngh MAN-E

Duy H Lp H09VT1 6

l Vi kh nng bng thng c th c cp pht dao ng t khong 1Mbps n

10Gps, Ethernet cho php ngi dng t i u ha ngun l c trong vi c phttin mng

ca ri ng mnh.

Di y l li t k mt s dch v c cho l cn c tc cao:

- Truy nhp Internettc cao

- Mng lu tr

- Cc mng ring o lp 2 (L2VPN)

- Cc dch v gi tr gia tng

- Dch v LAN trong sut

- VoIP

- H tng ng trc mng th

- LAN - FR/ATM VPN

- Extranet

- LAN kt ni n cc t i nguyn mng

1.2 KIN TRC MNG MAN - E

Theo nh ngha ca Metro Ethernet Forum ti MEF4 - Metro Ethernet

Architecture Framework part 1, mng Metro Ethernet s c xy dng theo 3 lp:

Lp dch v Ethernet - h trnhng tnh nng cbn ca lp; mt hoc nhi u lp

truyn ti dch v; c th bao gm lp dch v ng dng h trcho cc ng dng trn

nn lp 2. M hnh mng theo cc l p da trn quan h client/server. Bn cnh ,

milp mng ny c th c thit k theo cc mt phng iu khin, d liu, qun tr

trong t ng lp. M hnh c m t nh sau:

Hnh 1.1M hnh mngtheo cc lp


21/84


Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 7

1.2.1 Lp dch v Ethernet (ETH layer)

Lp dch v Ethernet c chc nng truyn ti cc dch v hng kt ni chuyn

mch da trn a ch MAC. Cc bn tin Ethernet s c truyn qua h thng thng

qua cc giao din hng ni b, hng bn ngoi c quy nh r rng, gn vi cc

im tham chiu. Lp ETH cng phi cung cp c cc kh nng v OAM, kh nng

pht trin dch v trong vic qun l cc dch v Ethernet hng kt ni. Ti cc giao

din hng bn ngoi ca lp ETH, cc bn tin bao gm: Ethernet unicast, multicast

hoc broadcast, tun theo chun IEEE 802.3 2002.

1.2.2 Lp truyn ti dch v

Lp truyn ti dch v h tr kt ni gia cc phn t ca lp ETH. C th s

dng nhiu cng ngh khc nhau dng thc hin vic h tr kt ni. Mt s v d:

IEEE 802.1, SONET/SDH, ATM VC, OTN ODUK, PDH DS1/E1, MPLS LSP Cc

cng ngh truyn ti trn, n lt mnh li c th do nhiu cng ngh khc h tr, ctip tc nh vy cho n lp vt l nh cp quang, cp ng, khng dy.

1.2.3 Lp dch v ng dng

Lp dch v ng dng h tr cc dch v s dng truyn ti trn nn mng

Ethernet ca mng MAN - E. C nhiu dch v trong bao gm c cc vic s dng

lp ETH nh mt lp TRAN cho cc lp khc nh: IP, MPLS, PDH DS1/E1

1.2.4 Cc im tham chiu

ServiceInterworking

NNI

NetworkInterworking

NNI

NetworkInterworking

NNI

Subscriber

UNI

Other L1

Transport Networks

(e.g., SONET, SDH, OTN)

MEN

Service Provider Z1

Other L2/L2+

Services Networks

(e.g., ATM, FR, IP)

External

NNI

Ethernet

Wide Area Network

(E-WAN)

Service Provider Y

MEN

Service Provider Z2

MENService Provider X

MetroEthernet Network

(MEN)

Service Provider X

ExternalNNI

Subscriber

Subscriber

UNI

UNI

Hnh 1.2 M hnh cc im tham chiu

Cc im tham chiu trong MAN - E nh ngha cc im ti phn tch bin

qun l khi kt ni i qua cc giao din trong MAN - E. Hnh di y m t mi

quan h gia cc thnh phn trong kin trc MAN - E. Cc thnh phn bn ngoi bao


22/84

n t tnghi p i hc Chng 1: Tng q an v Cng ngh MAN-E

Duy H Lp H09VT1 8

gm: Kt nit thu bao tiMAN - E, kt ni viMAN - E khc, kt ni vi mng

khc khng phi Ethernet. Thu bao kt nitiMAN - E qua giao din UNI - User -

Network Interface. Cc thnh phn bn trong MAN - E kt ni vi nhau qua giao din

NNI trong (Interal Network-to-Network Interface). Hai mng MAN - E c th kt ni

vi nhau qua giao din NNI ngoi (External Network - to - Network Interface. Di

y l m hnh cc im tham chiu:

1. DCH V MNG MAN - E

1. .1 Tn quan dch v n MAN - E

1.3.1.1 Giithi

ch

ng v dch v mngMAN -E

Bn thn Ethernetl cung cp kt ni ch khng phi dch v. Vi s xut hin

cc dch v Metro Ethernet, cc nh cung cp dch v bt u dng cng ngh kt ni

Ethernet cung cp cc dch v Ethernet. V vy, cc dch v MAN - E cng dng

tithut ng thuc tnh dch v ging nh cc dch v MAN/ AN.

Hnh 1.4M hnh dch vMAN -E

Di y l mt s thut ng lin quan ti mng MAN - E

CE l thit b pha khch hng. CE kt nitiMAN - E ti UNI dng cc khung

Ethernet chun.CE c th l:

Router

IEEE 802.1Q bridge (switch)

UNI l giao din mng gia nh cung cp v khch hng L b in gia mng

khch hng v nh cung cp c cung cp bi nh cung cp Tun theo chun IEEE

802.3 Ethernet PHY and MAC

Giao din vt l vi tc c th l 10M bps, 100M bps, 1Gbps hoc 10Gbps

MAN - E: c th dng nhiu cng ngh phn phi dch v v vn chuyn khc nhau :

SONET/SDH, WDM, RPR, MAC-in-MAC, Q-in-Q, MPLS...

EVCl s kt hp ca 2 hay nhiu UNI. Nitheo cch khc, EVCl ng hm

logical kt ni 2 hay nhiu sites cho php truyn cc khung Ethernet gia chng. EVC


23/84

n t tnghi p i hc Chng 1: Tng q an v Cng ngh MAN-E

Duy H Lp H09VT1 9

cng hot ng nh l s tch bit gia cc khch hng khc nhau, cung cp tnh ring

bit d liu v bo mt nh l Frame Relay hay l ATM PVCs.C 3 kiu EVC:

im - im EVC:

Hnh 1.5EVC

i

m-i

m

Hnh 1.6EVCa i

m-a i

m

Hnh 1.7EVCi

m-a i

m


24/84


Duy Hng Lp H09VT1 10

1.3.1.2 Cc kiu dch v mng MAN - E

Cc kiu dch v mng MAN - E bao gm: dch v kt ni, dch v ng dng

- Dch v kt ni: Cc loi dch v kt ni tng ng vi cc loi EVC k trn

+ Dch v im - im (Point-to-Point)

+ Dch v a im - a im (Multipoint-to-Multipoint)

+ Dch v im - a im (Point-to-Multipoint)

- Dch v ng dng:

+ Dch v cho doanh nghip: Carrier Ethernet c th tha mn nhng nhu cu mi

ca doanh nghip nh: Cung cp cc dch v cht lng cao, kt ni Gigabit gia

cc doanh nghip, tch hp trung tm d liu, kt ni doanh nghip vi khch

hng v nh cung cp, thit lp mng ring o, gii php lu tr v khi phc

thm ha, truy cp Internet m bo tc multi-megabit, video conferencing &

broadcast, in thoi doanh nghip, tch hp thoi - d liu - hnh nh, thay thdch v DS3, h tr cc dch v ghp knh phn chia theo thi gian.

+ Dch v Triple Play: Truyn ti d liu, thoi v phim nh trn mt mng IP vi

cht lng cao.

+ Dch v di ng: Cung cp Wireless Backhaul, truy cp Wi-fi, c s h tng cho

Wimax, 3G v wireless th h sau, cc dch v d liu th h sau, nh phn gii

cao, video khng dy, gaming...

1.3.1.3 Phn loidch v ca MEFTheo Metro Ethernet Forum, tng ng vi cc kiu EVC dch v mng MAN -

E gm cc kiu:

- E-LINE

- E-LAN

- E-TREE

Da trn phng php nhn dng ti UNI, MEF phn chia dch v thnh cc

kiu khc nhau. Cc dch v da trn cng UNI (tt c c tp hp vo mt) c

nh ngha l "ring". Cc dch v da trn VLAN (ti UNI l a dch v) c nh

ngha l "o".

Di y l s phn loi cc dch v da trn EVC, UNI:

1.3.2 Dch v E-LINE

Dch v E-LINE da trn mt kt ni o (EVC) im - im. Dch v E-LINE

c s dng cung cp cc dch v Ethernet im - im.


25/84

n t tnghi! p i hc Chng 1: Tng q " an v Cng ngh ! MAN-E

Duy H# $ Lp H09VT1 11

Dch v E-LINE c th cung cp bng thng i xng cho d liu gi nhn trn

hai hng m khng c vic m bo tc gia hai UNI

E-LINE c th cung cp cam kt m bo tc .

E-LINE cho php ghp dch v. Vic ghp dch v c th di n ra ti mt hoc

hai UNI.

Hnh 1.8E-LINEsdngEVCi%

m - i%

m

1.3.2.1 Dch vEthernetPrivate Line (EPL)

Dch v EPL l mt dng ca dch v E-LINE. Dch v EPL s dng mt EVC

im-im gia hai UNI. EPL cung cp trong sut ca cc khung dch v gia cc

UNI tc l khi khung dch v c truyn ith mo u ca khung dch v v d liu

c ch ra ti c UNI ngun v UNI ch. y l cu trc cbn ca dch v EPL.

Hnh 1.9 Dch vEPL

Dch v EPL khng cho php ghp d ch v, mt UNI chuyn dng c s dng

cho dch v ny. V EPL cung cp trong sut ca dch v nn s khng c s phi

hp gia thu bao v nh cung cp trn mtlin ktCE-VLAN ID/EVC vtt c cc

khung dch v c ghp ti mt EVCti UNI.


26/84

n t& tnghi' p i hc Chng 1: Tng q ( an v Cng ngh ' MAN-E

Duy H) 0 Lp H09VT1 12

1.3.2.2 Dch vEthernetVirtualPrivate Line (EVPL)

Dch v EVPL l mt kiu dch v E-LINE. Dch v EPL c s dng cung

cp cc dch v tng t nh dch v EPL tr mt s ngoi l. Th nht, dch v

EVPL cho php ghp dch v ti UNI. iu ngha l nhiu EVC c to ra ti

UNI trong khi EPL khng cho php.T

h hai, mt EVPL khng cung cp trong sutkhung dch v cao nh dch v EPL bi v khi ghp dch v th mt s khung dch v

c th c giti mt EVCtrong khi mt s khung dch v khc c th c giti

cc EVC khc. Hnh v di y ch ra cu trc cbn ca dch v EVPL.

Hnh 1.10 Dch v EVPL (EthernetVirtualPrivate Line)

1. . Dch v E-LAN

Cc dch v cung cp kt ni Ethernet o, dng a im a im c th c

gil dng Ethernet LAN (E-LAN). Dch v E-LAN c minh ha nh hnh v di

y:

Hnh 1.11 Dch vE-LAN sdngEVCa i1

m-a i1

m

UNIUNI

UNI

UNI

Multipoint-to-Multipoint EVC

Metro EthernetNetwork

UNIUNI

UNI

UNI

Multipoint-to-Multipoint EVC

Metro EthernetNetwork


27/84

n t2 tnghi3 p i hc Chng 1: Tng quan v Cng ngh 3 MAN-E

Duy H4 5 Lp H09VT1 13

Kiu dch v Ethernet LAN cung cp kt ni a im, tc l n c th kt ni 2

hoc hn nhiu UNIs. D liu ca thu bao c git mt UNI c th c nhn ti

mt hoc nhiu d liu ca UNIs khc.

Mi site (UNI) c kt ni vi mt multipoint EVC. Khi nhng site mi

(UNIs) c thm vo, chng s c lin kt vi multipoint EVC nu trn do vy

nn n gin ha vic cung cp v kch hot dch v. Theo quan im ca thu bao,

dch v E-LAN lm cho MAN - E trng ging mt mng LAN o.

Dch v E-LAN c th s dng to mt s lng ln cc dch v. Trng hp

n gin nht, dch v E-LAN c th cung cp mt dch v "best effort" m khng c

yu cu m bo gia cc UNI. Ngoi ra dch v E-LAN Service c th cung cp mt

CIR, kt hp CBS, EIR vi EBS (xem phn Bandwidth Profile sau) v tr, jitter,

v t n tht khung.

i vi kiu dch v E-LAN, ghp dch v c th din ra ti khng, mt hocnhiu UNI trong EVC. V d, kiu dch v E-LAN v kiu dch v E-LINE c th

ghp dch v ti cng UNI. Khi , dch v E-LAN c th c s dng kt ni vi

cc vtrthu bao khc, trong khi dch v E-LINE c s dng kt niti Internet

vi c hai dch v.

1.3.3.1 Dch vEthernetPrivate LAN (EP-LAN)

Cc thu bao vi nhiu vtrthng mun kt ni cc vtr vi nhau vitc

cao (cc vtr nh l mt mng LAN). thc hin c yu cu ny, dch v EP-

LAN c nh ngha. Dch v EP-LAN l mt dng ca dch v E-LAN.

Dch v EP-LAN c nh ngha cung cp vic duy tr th CE-VLAN v

ng hm ca giao thc iu khin lp 2. u im ca vic ny l thu bao c th cu

hnh cc VLAN ngang qua cc vtr m khng cn phi phi hp vi cc nh cung cp.

Mi giao din c cu hnh cho "allto one bundling" do , EP-LAN h trvic duy

tr ID ca CE-VLAN. Thm na, EP-LAN cn h trvic duy trCoS ca CE-VLAN.

Di y l cu trc cbn ca dch v EP-LAN.

Hnh 1.12 Dch vEP-LAN


28/84

n t6 tnghi7 p i hc Chng 1: Tng quan v Cng ngh 7 MAN-E

Duy H8 9 Lp H09VT1 14

1.3.3.2 Dch vEthernetVirtualPrivate LAN (EVP-LAN)

Mt s thu bao mun dch v E-LAN kt ni cc UNI ca h trong mng

th v ti cng thi im t mt hoc nhiu UNI ca h mun truy cp ti cc dch

v khc. V d mt UNI l mt vtrthu bao mun truy cp ti mt dch v IP cng

cng hoc IP ring t mt UNI m c dng cho dch v E-LAN gia cc thu baokhc trong mng Metro. Dch v EVP-LAN c nh ngha p ng yu cu ny.

Ghp trn UNI c th c s dng hoc khng s dng trong EVC a im-a

im. Tc l vic duy trth CE-VLAN v ng hm ca giao thc iu khin lp

hai c th c cung cp hoc khng c cung cp,.

Hnh v di y m t cu trc cbn ca dch v EVP-LAN trong khch hng

s dng mt dch v EVP-LAN (EVC mu ) cung cp kt ni d liu a im v

mt dch v EVPL (EVC mu xanh) truy cp dch v value-add t mt UNI

.

Hnh 1.13 Dch vEVP-LAN (EthernetVirtualPrivate LAN)

1. .4 Dch v E-TREE

Cc dch v cung cp kt ni Ethernet o, dng im a im (nh ngha theo

MEF) c th c gi l dng EthernetTree (E-Tree). Dch v E-Tree c mt im

gc v nhiu im l nhn thng tin hoc githng tin t/n gc (Hnhdi y).

Hnh 1.14 Dch vE-Tree sdng Rooted-MultipointEVC

Leaf@

AI

RB B

tedC

D

ltiE B

iF

tG

VC

C

etrB

G

tH

erF

etA et

IB

rP

RB B

t@

AI

Leaf@

AILeaf

@

AI

Leaf@

AI

RB B

t@

A I

Leaf@

AI

RB B

tedC

D

ltiE B

iF

tG

VC

C

etrB

G

tH

erF

etA et

IB

rP

RB B

t@

AI

Leaf@

AILeaf

@

AI

Leaf@

AI

RB B

t@

A I


29/84

n tQ tnghiR p i hc Chng 1: Tng quan v Cng ngh R MAN-E

Duy HS T Lp H09VT1 15

Mi nt l UNI ch c th trao i vi nt gc UNI. Cc bn tin dch v c

git mi nt l UNI m c a chthuc v ntl UNI khc s khng c truyn

qua h thng (loi b khi i vo bin ca mng). Dch v E-Tree thch hp cho trin

khai cung cp truy nhp Internet hoc video theo yu cu trin khai dng Multicast

hoc Broadcast.

Mt dng mrng khc ca dch v E-Tree l c th h trt 2 hoc nhiu hn

s lng nt gc UNI. Trong trng hp ny, mi ntl UNI vn ch c th trao i

d liu vi mt nt gc UNI. Cc nt gc UNI c th trao i d liu vi nhau h

trkh nng d phng.

Hnh 1.15 Dch vE-Tree

Vi mt dch v E-Tree, kh nng ghp dch v c th khng hoc c thc hin

ti mt hoc nhiu cng UNI trong EVC. V d, mt dch v EVC dng E-Tree c th

c ghp chung vi mt dch v EVC dng E-Line im im ti cng UNI cung

cp cho ngi dng. Ti y, dch v E-Tree c th c cung cp cho truy cp ti

ISP c d phng (E-Tree nhiu nt gc); dch v E-Line dng truy cp vo mngring o truyn s liu.

1.3.4.1 Dch vEthernetPrivate Tree -EP-Tree

Hnh 1.16 Dch vEP-Tree

Thu bao vi nhiu site c th c yu cu cung cp kt ni gia cc site, cung

cp dch v khng chtheo hng s dng LAN. S c mt vi site lm im gc cung

cp dch v, cc site khc c gn vaitr l im l nhn dch v

Root I

Rooted-

M lti oi t EV

Root I

To Leaf U V Is


30/84

n tW tnghiX p i hc Chng 1: Tng quan v Cng ngh X MAN-E

Duy HY Lp H09VT1 16

Dch v EP-Tree yu cu gi nguyn th VLAN ca khch hng v ng gi cc

giao thc cbn lp 2. Vitnh nng ny, khch hng c th t cu hnh VLAN gia

cc site m khng phi c s h trt nh cung cp dch v. Kh nng ny c thc

hin qua vic cu hnh mi giao din c th ghp dch v. Hnh v di y m t cu

trc cbn ca dch v EP-Tree

1.3.4.2 Dch vEthernetVirtualPrivate Tree -EVP-Tree

C cc thu bao c nhu cu s dng dch v c cung cp dng cy trong ni

b mng. Trong trng hp ny, mi im l trong kt ni cy cn c gn hoc kt

ni vi mt im l (hoc) gc c th. Mi giao din UNI cng c th cung cp dch

v khc nh EVPL hoc EVP-LAN. M hnh ny gi l m hnh dch v EVP-Tree,

cy Ethernet ring o.

Ti cc UNI trong dch v c th khng h trhoc c h trgom dch v. C

ngha l th CE-VLAN hoc cc giao thc c th ca lp 2 c th c bo ton hockhng khi truyn qua mng. Hnh di y m t cu trc ca dch v EVP-Tree.

Trong v d ny, khch hng c s dng dch v EVP-LAN () cho vic kt ni

truyn d liu gia cc UNI. Dch v EVP-Tree (xanh) s dng cung cp video

dng qung b trong ni b.

Hnh 1.17 Dch vEVP-Tree (EthernetVirtualPrivate Tree)

1.4 KT LUN CHNG 1

Mng Metro Ethernet hin v ang c phttrin rt mnh bi nhiu t chcchun ha nh IETF, IEEE hay cc hng cng ngh. Tuy nhin, tt c cc cng ngh

u phitun th cc khuyn ngh ca Metro Ethernet Forum. Cc khuyn nghMEF1

cho n MEF21 m t rt chi tit cc yu cu cho dch v mng Metro Ethernet,

yu cu v m hnh phttrin mng, qun tr h thng.

Cc cng ngh ng dng cho mng Metro Ethernet c nhiu hng pht trin

nhng tp trung ch yu vo cc xu hng:


31/84



S dng MPLS vi nhng c ch iu khin lu lng truyn ti cc bn tin

Ethernet

S dng Ethernet - in hnh l PBT - vi nhng ci tin v nh tuyn, cht

lng dch v xy dng mng.

Ci tin MPLS truyn ti d liu mng.Cc ng dng, dch v trn nn mng Metro Ethernet c c im chung l bng

thng rng, tc cao. Nhng tu chung li u quy v cc loi hnh im im, a

im a im, s dng h tng mng cp quang m bo v tc , cht lng

dch v.

Loi hnh dch v im im tng ng vi cc dch v truyn thng nh knh

thu ring, frame relay hoc vi nhng loi hnh dch v mi nh Internet tc cao,

a dch v (Triple play). Ngoi ra, vi kh nng tng bng thng theo 1 Mbps, nh

cung cp c th a ra nhng dch v ph hp vi yu cu ca ngi dng.

Cc dch v trong MAN - E c m bo cht lng dch v theo nhng cam

kt cht lng Service Level AgreeMAN - Et - SLA. Vi nhng cam kt v CIR,

PIR hoc thi gian li, cht lng dch v trong MAN - E cao hn rt nhiu so vi

nhng mng truyn thng nh SONET/SDH.

chng tip theo s cp n cc cng ngh ng dng cho MAN-E


32/84

n tt nghip ihc Chng 3: ng dngCN MAN-E tiVNPT Yn Bi


CHNG 2: CNG NGH NG DNG CHO MAN-E

2.1 TNG QUAN V CNG NGH MNG MAN - E

Mng MAN - E lm chc nng thu gom lu lng ca cc thit b mng truy

nhp (MSAN, IP-DSLAM), lu lng cc khch hng kt ni trc tip vo mng

MAN chuyn ti lu lng trong ni tnh, ng thi k ni ln mng trc IP/MPLS

chuyn lu lng i lin tnh, quc t.

Cc cng ngh cho mng MAN - E hin ti gm c:

- Cng ngh SDH

- Cng ngh WDM

- Cng ngh thun Ethernet- Cng ngh MPLS

- Cng ngh RPR

- Cng ngh PBT (Provider Backbone Transport)

- Cng ngh T-MPLS

Vic la chn cng ngh mng trin khai ph thuc vo rt nhiu yu t.

Chng ny s trnh by cc c im, u nhc im, kh nng p dng ca tng

cng ngh.

2.1.1 Cng ngh SDH

2.1.1.1 Tng quan:

Cng ngh SDH c xy dng trn c s h thng phn cp ghp knh ng b

TDM vi cu trc phn cp ghp knh STM-N cho php cung cp cc giao din truyn

dn vi tc ln t vi Mbits/s ti vi Gigabits/s.

c tnh ghp knh TDM v phn cp ghp knh ng b ca cng ngh SDH

cho php cung cp cc knh truyn dn c bng thng c nh vi tin cy cao bng

vic p dng cc c ch phc hi v bo v, c ch qun l h thng.T trc ti nay cng ngh truyn dn SDH c xy dng ch yu cho vic

yu cho vic ti u truyn ti lu lng thoi. Tuy nhin, trong nhng nm gn y th

nhu cu s dng cc loi hnh dch v truyn d liu tng ln rt nhiu v c xu hng

chuyn dn lu lng ca cc dch v thoi sang truyn ti theo cc giao thc truyn

d liu (v d nh dch v thoi qua IP (VoIP).. Trong khi , cc c s h tng mng

SDH hin c kh c kh nng p ng nhu cu truyn ti lu lng gia tng trong


33/84



tng lai gn. Do vy yu cu t ra l cn phi c mt c s h tng truyn ti mi

c th ng thi truyn ti trn n lu lng ca h thng SDH hin c v lu lng

ca cc loi hnh dch v mi khi chng c trin khai. chnh l l do ca vic

hnh thnh mt hng mi ca cng ngh SDH, l SDH th h k tip SDH -NG.

Cng ngh SDH-NG c tp hp chung trong mt khi nim l truynd

liu qua mng SDH DoS. DoS l c cu truyn ti lu lng cung cp mt s chc

nng v cc giao din nhm mc ch tng hiu qu ca vic truyn d liu qua mng

SDH. Mc tiu quan trng nht m cc hng cng ngh ni trn cn phi thc hin

c l phi hp h tr ln nhau thc hin chc nng ci t/ch nh bng

thng cho cc dch v mt cch hiu qu m khng nh hng ti lu lng ang

c truyn qua mng SDH hin ti.. Thm vo , SDH-NG cung cp chc nng

m bo cht lng dch v QoS vi mc chp nhn no cho c c loi hnh dch

v mi; mm do v linh hot trong vic h tr truyn ti lu lng truyn ti bi cc

giao thc khc nhau qua mng. C cu ca DoS bao gm 3 giao thc chnh: Th tcng khung tng qut GFR (generic framing procedure), k thut lin kt chui o VC

(virtual concatenation) v c cu iu chnh dung lng ng thng LCAS (link

capacity adjustMAN - Et scheme). C 3 giao thc ny c ITU-T chun ho ln

lt bi cc tiu chun G.7041/Y.1303, G.707, G.7042/Y.1305. Giao thc GFP cung

cp th tc ng gi khung d liu cho cc dng lu lng khc nhau (Ethernet,

IP/PPP, RPR, knh quang..) vo cc phng tin truyn dn TDM nh l SDH hoc h

thng truyn ti quang OTN (optical transport network). Giao thc VC cung cp

nhng th tc ci t bng thng cho knh kt ni mm do hn so vi nhng th tcp dng trong h thng truyn dn TDM trc . Giao thc LCAS cung cp th tc

bo hiu u cui ti u cui thc hin chc nng iu chnh ng dung lng

bng thng cho cc kt ni khi s dng VC trong kt ni SDH.

2.1.1.2. u im Nhc im

u im Nhc im

Cung cp cc kt ni c bng

thng c nh cho khch hng

tin cy ca knh truyn

dn cao, tr truyn ti thng tin

nh.

Cc giao din truyn dn

c chun ha v tng thch

vi nhiu thit b trn mng.

Cng ngh SDH c xy dng nhm

mc ch ti u cho truyn ti lu lng

chuyn mch knh, khng ph hp vitruyn ti lu lng chuyn mch gi.

Do cu trc ghp knh phn cp nn cn

nhiu cp thit b ghp tch, phn chia

giao din n khch hng.

Kh nng nng cp khng linh hot v


34/84



u im Nhc im

Thun tin cho kt ni truyn

dn im -im

Qun l d dng

Cng ngh c chun ha

Thit b c trin khai

rng ri

gi thnh nng c p l tng i t.

Khng ph hp vi t chc mng theo

cu trc Mesh.

Kh trin khai cc dch v ng dngMulticast

Dung lng bng thng ginh cho bo v

v phc hi ln

Phng thc cung cp kt ni phc tp,

thi gian cung ng kt ni di

2.1.2 Cng ngh WDM

2.1.2.1. Tng quan

WDM l cng ngh truyn ti trn si quang xy dng v pht trin t nhng

nm 90 ca th k trc. WDM cho php truyn ti cc lung thng tin s tc rt

cao (theo l thuyt dung lng truyn ti tng cng c th n hng chc ngn

Gigabt/s). Nguyn l c bn ca cng ngh ny l thc hin truyn ng thi cc tn

hiu quang thuc nhiu bc sng khc nhau trn mt si quang. Bng tn truyn ti

thch hp trn si quang c phn chia thnh nhng bc sng chun vi khong

cch thch hp gia cc bc sng ( c chun ha bi tiu chun G.692 ca ITU-

T), mi bc sng c th truyn ti mt lung thng tin c tc ln (chng hn

lung thng tin s tc 10Gbt/s). Do , cng ngh WDM cho php xy dng

nhng h thng truyn ti thng tin quang c dung lng gp nhiu ln so vi h

thng thng tin quang n bc sng. Hin ti, sn phm v cc h thng truyn dn

WDM c sn xut bi nhiu hng sn xut thit b vin thng v c trin

khai trn mng ca nhiu nh cung cp dch v vin thng trn th gii.

2.1.2.2. u im - Nhc im:

u im Nhc im

Cung cp cc h thng truyn ti quang c

dung lng ln, p ng c cc yu cu bng

n lu lng ca cc loi hnh dch v.

Nng cao nng lc truyn dn cc si quang,

tn dng kh nng truyn ti ca h thng cp

quang c xy dng.

Gi thnh thit b mng cao


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2.1.3 Cng ngh RPR

2.1.3.1 Tng quan

Cng ngh RPR l cng ngh mng c xy dng nhm p ng nhng yu

cu v truyn ti lu lng dng d liu trong mng ring.Cng ngh Ethernet v cng

ngh SDH thc hin c lp u khng p ng c nhu cu truyn d liu trongmng Ring; SDH c nhiu u im khi xy dng mng theo cu trc Ring nhng li

km hiu qu khi truyn ti lu lng dng d liu. Ethernet c th truyn ti lu

lng dng d liu mt cch hiu qu nhng li kh trin khai vi cu trc mng ring.

Cng ngh RPR ra i khc phc nhng nhc im ca hai cng ngh ny.

im ch yu ca cng ngh RPR l n kin to giao thc mi phn lp

MAC. Giao thc ny c p dng nhm mc ch ti u ho vic qun l bng thng

v hiu qu cho vic trin khai cc dch v truyn d liu trn vng ring.

RPR s dng vng song hng gm 2 si quang truyn ngc chiu i xngnhau. Mt vng c gi l vng ngoi (Outer ring), vng kia c gi l vng trong

(Inner ring). Hai vng c th ng thi s dng truyn d liu v thng tin iu

khin

Khi c li node hay lin kt xy ra trn vng si quang, RPR thc hin chuyn

mch bo v thng minh i hng lu lng i xa kh i ni b li vi tin cy

t ti thi gian nh hn 50 ms. Vic thc hin kh nng t phc hi da trn c s

hai phng thc: phng thc STEERING v phng thc WRAPPING. Cc nt

mng RPR trong vng ring c th thu cc gi tin c a ch ho gi n nt bichc nng DROP v chn cc gi tin gi t nt vo trong vng ring bi chc nng

ADD. Cc gi tin khng phi a ch ca nt s c chuyn qua. Mt trong nhng

chc nng quan trng na ca RPR l lu lng trong vng ring s c truyn ti

theo 3 mc u tin l high, medium, low tng ng vi 3 mc cht lng dch v QoS

(quanlity of service). Hin ti giao thc RPR c chun ho trong tiu chun IEEE

803.17 ca Vin k thut in v in t Hoa K.

2.1.3.2 u im - Nhc im

u im Nhc im

Thch hp cho vic truyn ti lu lng

d liu vi cu trc ring

Hiu sut s dng dung lng bng

thng ln do thc hin nguyn tc ghp

knh thng k v dng chung bng thng

Gi thnh thit hin ti cn kh

t

RPR ch thc hin chc nng t

phc hi trong cu trc vng ring n.

Vi cu trc ring lin kt th khi c s


36/84



u im Nhc im

H tr trin khai cc dch v Multicast

Qun l n gin do mng c cu

hnh mt cch t dng

Cung cp kt ni vi nhiu mc SLA

khc nhau

Phng thc cung cp kt ni nhanh,

n gin.

c ti nt lin kt cc ring vi nhau

RPR khng thc hin c chc nng

phc hi lu lng ca cc kt ni

thng qua nt mng lin kt ring.

Cng ngh mi c chun ho

do vy kh nng tng thch vi thit

b ca cc hng khc khng cao.

2.1.4 Cng ngh thun Ethernet

2.1.4.1 Tng quan

Cng ngh Ethernet c xy dng v chun ho thc hin cc chc nng

ca lp vt l v lp lin kt d liu. Cng ngh Ethernet h tr hiu qu vic cung

cp dch v kt ni im - im vi cu trc topo mng ph bin kiu ring v hub and

spoke.

Vi cng ngh ng gi VLAN (VLAN Stacking, VLAN Tunneling) d liu ca

khch hng c th c phn chia c lp vi nhng i tng d liu khc.

Trong cng ngh QinQ (802.1ad), bn cnh trng VLAN Tagging 12 bit truyn

thng (802.1q), nh cung cp dch v Metro Ethernet s b sung thm mt trngVLAN tagging 12 bit th 2 phn bit cc bn tin trong mi trng ca nh cung cp

v bn tin trong mi trng ca khch hng. Cng ngh Q-in-Q n ginnhng vn

m bo c phn no nhng yu cu t ra v cht lng dch v. S dng 3 bit

trong trng CoS cho php phn chia c 8 loi yu cu cht lng dch v khc

nhau, c kh nng kim sot lu lng kh linh hot, p ng c nhng yu cu t

ra cho mt h thng mng chuyn mch gi. Cc gi tin c th c nh du ty theo

dch v hoc ty theo khch hng. Trng CoS cho php c th nh x 1 -1 vi 3 bit IP

Precedence hoc mt phn vi 6 bit DSCP.Trong h thng mng cung cp dch v Metro, Ethernet c s dng nh mt

cng ngh thay th cho ATM v Frame Relay. Cc ch s ATM PVI, VCI c thay

th bng VLAN tag. Ngoi ra, vi bn cht truyn a im, Ethernet cn c kh nng

cung cp dch v kt ni a im a im m ATM v Frame Relay khng cung cp

c. Hn ch ln nht ca h thng mng Metro Ethernet da trn VLAN l gii hn

4096 VLAN tag. Nu mi khch hng s dng 1 VLAN-ID th mi vng mng ch c


37/84

n ta tnghib p i hc Chng 3: ng dngCNMAN-EtiVNPT YnBi

Duy Hc d Lp H09VT1 23

th cung cp ti a 4096 ng kt ni. Vi gii php Q-in-Q, khi chn thm mt

trng VLAN tag trong bn tin ca nh cung cp, ti a, c th cung cp ti 1677216

nhn dch v.

2.1.4.2 Chun Q-in-Q (802.1ad)

Cng ngh Metro Ethernet ngy cng pht trin, nhng chun 802.1Q VLANlm hn ch s lng VLAN (hn ch cung cp dch v ti ngi dng) do th VLAN

nh ngha trong IEEE 802,1Q ch c 12 bit. V vy, khng gian a ch ca n ch c

4096, khng p ng khi s lng ngi s dng ngy cng tng. V QinQ c

a ra gii quyt c vn ny.

QinQ c thit k mrng s VLAN bng cch thm vo gi 1 th VLAN

802.1Q. Vi phn mrng th, s VLAN ch ra tng ln n s lng xp x 16 triu

VLAN. Th VLAN bn trong cng ngh QinQ c hai phn: phn bn trong v phn

bn ngoi.Phn bn trong th dng ch ngi s dng

Phn bn ngoi ch dch v.

nh dng ca gitin Q-in-Q

Hnh 2.1 Cutrc bn tin Q-in-Q

Bn tin Q-in-Q c to ra t bn tin 802.1Q bng cch chn thm 4 byte nh

du vo sau cc trng a ch DA, SA. Gi tr ETYPE c thit lp ty theo tng

hng, mc nh l 0x8100.

2.1.4.3ng gi Q-in-Q

Vic ng gi Q-in-Q c th c thc hin ti UPE - ti DSLAM hoc ti cc

thit b chuyn mch Metro, ty theo tng cu hnh mng. Vic ng gi ny c

chia lm 3 loi:

ng githeo cng

ng githeo lu lng.


38/84



ng gi theo giao din

nggi theo cng: ng gi QinQ da trn cng l ng gi tt c cc lu

lng n mt cng no vi th VLAN bn ngoi. Ch ny khng mm do.

nggi theo lu lng: Trong ch ng gi da trn lu lng, thit b

phn loi lu lng d liu n ca mt cng no . Sau , n quyt nh dng thbn ngoi cho mi loi lu lng. Trong ch ny, QinQ c gi l QinQ chn lc

(selective QinQ). QinQ chn lc c phn loi bi da trn s phn loi lu lng

sau:

nggi theo giao din: Thng thng, qu trnh ng gi gi tin Q-in-Q c

thc hin trn cng chuyn mch. Trong trng hp, truyn d liu ngi dng thng

qua mng li bi VLL/PWE3, th cc subinterface trn NPE c th ng gi VLAN

bn ngoi da trn th VLAN v truy nhp VLL/PWE3 thng qua th VLAN. Trong

ch ny, nhiu VLAN ca nhiu ngi dng c th c truyn dn trong sutthng qua subinterface, v c gi l QinQ Stacking subinterface.

y cng l mt ch ng gi da trn lu lng. Ch ny hu ch khi

QinQ Stacking subinterface c dng vi L2VPN (PWE3/VLL/VPLS). Trong ch

ny, chuyn tip lp 3 khng h tr.

2.1.4.4 Kt cuiQ-in-Q

Kt cui Q-in-Q l im ti nhn VLAN ngoi v trong c nhn dng, ty

theo chnh sch chuyn tip gi tin m loi b nhn hoc chuyn tip gi tin. Khi s

dng Q-in-Q kt ni ln mng li, phng thc thc hin s ty theo cu hnh mng

m c s thay i.

Ti im bin ca mng li, kt cui Q-in-Q c thc hin trn sub-interface

ca Router kt ni, thng c gi l giao din con kt cui Q-in-Q. Giao din ny

tng t vi cc giao din VLAN ngoi tr l giao din VLAN x l 01 nhn VLAN,

cn giao din kt cui Q-in-Q th x l 02 nhn VLAN.

2.1.4.5 u im - Nhc im

u im Nhc im- Giao din Ethernet c s

dng ph bin trong cc h

thng mng LAN, hu nh tt

cc cc thit b v my ch

trong mng LAN s dng kt

ni Ethernet.

- Cng ngh Ethernet ph hp vi cu trc

mng theu kiu Hub (cu trc t - p hnh

cy) m khng ph hp vi cu trc mng

ring. iu ny xut pht t vic cng ngh

Ethernet thc hin chc nng nh tuyn

trn c s thut ton nh tuyn chng lp


39/84



- Chi ph u t thp

- Hu ht cc giao thc, giao

din truyn ti ng dng trong

cng ngh Ethernet c

chun ho (h giao thc IEEE

802.3). Phn ln cc thit b

mng Ethernet ca cc nh

sn xut u tun theo cc

tiu chun trong h tiu chun

trn. Vic chun ho ny to

iu kin kt ni d dng,

tng thch kt ni gia cc

nh sn xut thit b khc

nhau cao- Qun l n gin

phn on hnh cy (spanning-tree-

algorithm);.C th l thut ton nh tuyn

phn on hnh cy trong nhiu trng hp

s thc hin chn mt vi phn on tuyn

trong ring, iu ny s lm gim dung

lng bng thng lm vic ca vng ring.

- Thi gian thc hin bo v phc hi ln.

iu ny cng xut pht t nguyn nhn l

thut ton nh tuyn phn on hnh cy

c thi gian hi t di hn nhiu so vi thi

gian hi phc i vi c ch bo v ca

vng ring (tiu chun l 50 ms).

- Khng ph hp cho vic truyn ti ng

dng c c tnh lu lng thi gian thc- Cha thc hin chc nng m bo cht

lng dch v (QoS) cho nhng dch v cn

truyn ti c yu cu v QoS

2.1.5 Cng ngh PBT

2.1.5.1 Tng quan

PBT l mt nh hng mi trong trin khai mng Metro Ethernet. Cng ngh

PBT cho php cung cp h tng mng Ethernet trn din rng vi cht lng yu cu

kht khe tng ng vi nhng tiu chun vin thng t ra. PBT tun theo chun

IEEE 802.1ah.

PBT s dng cng ngh Ethernet c lc b nhng thnh phn v chng lp,

qun l mng STP. Ngi qun l mng s trc tip cu hnh trn cc h thng switch,

ch r ng kt ni, truyn d liu ca tng switch. Cc ng truyn qua h thng

mng s khng cn ph thuc vo vic hc ca cc switch m do ngi qun tr cu

hnh trc.

Cc bn tin Ethernet c sa i, thm mt s trng thng tin m rng khnng phc v cng nh h tr .

2.1.5.2 u im-Nhc im

u im Nhc im- Kh nng m rng mng

- Gi thnh thp

- Qun l n gin

- Khi trin khai cc dch v multicast

th cn bng thng ln

- ang trong qu trnh chun ho


40/84



2.1.6 Cng ngh MPLS

2.1.6.1 Tng quan

Nguyn l hot ng ch yu ca thc hin trong cng ngh MPLS l thc hin

gn nhn cho cc loi gi tin cn chuyn i ti cc b nh tuyn nhn bin LER, sau

cc gi tin ny s c trung chuyn qua cc b nh tuyn chuyn mch nhnng LSR. Cc ng chuyn mch nhn LSP c thit lp bi ngi iu qun l

mng trn c s m bo mt s yu cu k thut nht nh nh l mc chim dng

ng thng, kh nng tc nghn, chc nng kin to ng hm.Nh vy, s hot

ng chuyn mch ca cc LSP cho php MPLS c kh nng to ra cc kt ni u

cui ti u cui.

Nhng chc nng ch yu ca cng ngh MPLS c m t v nh ngha

trong cc ti liu ca t chc IETF (RFC 3031, 3032).

Phng php chuyn mch nhn ng dng trong cng ngh MPLS cho php ccb nh tuyn thc hin nh tuyn gi tin nhanh hn do tnh n gin ca vic x l

thng tin nh tuyn cha trong nhn.

Mt chc nng quan trng na c thc hin trong MPLS l thc hin cc

k thut lu lng, cc k thut ny cho php thit lp cc ng thng cc thng s

thc hin mng c th truyn ti lu lng vi cc cp dch v v cht lng dch

v khc nhau (RFC 2702).

MPLS c kh nng kin to cc kt ni ng hm cung cp dch v mng

ring o.

2.1.6.2 u im Nhc im

u im Nhc im

Cng ngh MPLS ph hp vi hu

ht cu trc topo mng (ring, mesh)

Cng ngh MPLS cho php truyn

ti a dch v vi hiu sut truyn ticao

H tr truyn ti cc dch v c yu

cu QoS

Cung cp cc dch v VPN Layer 3

Gi thnh ti thi im ny l kh

cao

Qun l v vn hnh phc tp


41/84



2.2 CNG NGH PBB V PBB-TE

2.2.1 Tng quan v PBB

2.2.1.1 Giithiu

Mc tiu u t ca cc nh cung cp dch v ln h thng mng l nhm cung

cp cc dch v mi vi kh nng qun l lu lng, trnh tc nghn. Truyn ti dchv qua mng MPLS c tin hnh u t t 10 nm qua. Vi s chnh sa m

rng MPLS (MPLS-TE) v T-MPLS, kh nng truyn ti cc gi tin dng hng kt

ni qua Ethernet ang dn tr nn hin thc. Tng t nh cch thc tip cn ca T-

MPLS, cng ngh PBT (Provider Backbone Transport) cng hng ti vic truyn ti

Ethernet vi chi ph iu khin thp. Cng ngh PBB c s ng h ca Nortel,

SieMAN - Es cng mt s nh cung cp khc. Gia PBB (PBT, PBB-TE) v T-MPLS

c mt im chung l : s dng phng thc qun l tp trung cu hnh cc ng

truyn ti hng kt ni. T-MPLS ang c li th vi PBT v mt chun ha nhngcng s cn mt rt nhiu thi gian mi c th l mt cng ngh chn mui cho mng

truyn ti so vi MPLS. Nhng nh cung cp dch v u t rt ln vo h tng

SONET/SDH, mun chuyn sang h thng da trn nn IP v ang rt quan tm

n cc hng cng ngh mi ny vi nhn nh l n s n gin hn so vi m hnh

ca MPLS.

2.2.1.2Mt s nh gi- PBT c coi l nhng cng ngh th h tng li, cho php nh cung cp gim

bt chi ph u t, chi ph vn hnh. Sau y s l nhng nh gi v: tnh ngin, tnh m, tin cy v l do cho gim bt chi ph u t cng nh chi ph

qun l.

- PBB c a ra vi mc tiu l p dng cng ngh Ethernet cho h thng mng

yu cu tnh cht hng kt ni, tng t nh nhng cng ngh SONET/SDH,

ATM hay cp quang. PBB gim bt phc tp ca Ethernet bng cch loi b

cc cng ngh truyn thng trong mng LAN: spanning-tree, truyn qung b.

Vi cc ci tin v thng s ca frame truyn tin, PBB cho php cc h tng

mng truyn ti c th ng dng Ethernet nh mt phng tin truyn ti hiuqu.

- Chun cng ngh nn tng ca PBB l PBB Provider Backbone Bridging s

dng ng gi MAC-IN-MAC (IEEE 802.1ah) thm vo cc ng gi bn tin to

ng hm trong mng. PBB-TE l mt giai on pht trin tip theo ca PBB

hin ang c chun ha bi IEEE. Mt xu hng khc trong pht trin PBB-

TE l s dng h thng iu khin phn tn da trn GMPLS Generalized


42/84



MPLS. Tuy nhin GMPLS c nhng c tnh ch h tr mng chuyn ti quang

v vi h thng mng din rng, mng metro, vic iu khin bc sng ng

trong truyn ti quang l kh thc hin. Vi nhng hn ch v iu khin phn

tn nh vy nn cng ngh PBB ch tp trung vo m hnh qun l mng tp

trung.

- PBT lc b nhng tnh nng v spanning-tree, flooding, broadcasting ca mng

Ethernet LAN truyn thng. Thi gian phc hi lu cng nh phng thc

truyn qung b thng l khng c dng trong h thng mng ca nh cung

cp dch v.

- Cc cng ngh c bn ca PBT l Q-in-Q (IEEE 802.1 ad), MAC-IN-MAC

(IEEE 802.1ah) v OAM (IEEE 802.1ag), b sung mt s phng thc m rng

cho vic bo v ng truyn (o) d liu.

- Trong PBB, mt phng iu khin c trin khai tp trung, dn n l n gin

hn trong lp qun l. V mt k thut, khi tp trung iu khin th vic iukhin nh tuyn cng nh cc giao thc bo hiu s bt phc tp. Ni cch

khc, trong mng s dng PBB, khng cn thit phi c cc giao thc nh tuyn

BGP, OSPF, ISIS hay cc giao thc bo hiu RSVT-TE, LDP. PBB gim bt

phc tp trn vng iu khin v chuyn cng vic cho phn qun tr dch v.

Tnh n gin

- Vi nhn nh l h thng NMS s lm thay nhng cng vic ca h thng iu

khin, loi b cc giao thc nh tuyn, c th c nhng suy ngh cho rng vic

qun tr h thng cng nh dch v s d dng hn. iu ny cng ng khimng l h thng tnh, dch v c khai bo v c kim sot, khc vi h thng

mng nh tuyn ng, dch v c th c truyn qua mng m ngi qun l

khng th hoc kh kim sot cc chng kt ni. C rt nhiu nh cung cp nhn

mnh vo tnh cht n gin ny.

- im mnh ca PBB l tnh n gin ca h thng. S dng PBB s khng cn

cn c cc h thng iu khin lu lng, cc giao thc bo hiu trn tng node

mng. Khng cn c nhng vn v sai st hay s phc tp ca cc giao thc

lp 3. n gin l tt nhng mt s nh cung cp dch v khng thc s quantm n iu ny, iu h quan tm l truyn ti dch v tin cy v c th gim

bt chi ph qun l mng tt nht c th.

- PBT c c ch n gin v ch h tr cc kt ni point-to-point. Mc d cc c

ch kt ni point to multipoint v multipoint-to-multipoint ang c thit k

nhng vn l kt ni point-to-point khng th h tr mi trng a dch v.

Mt mng ln ca th trng mng Metro Ethernet l dch v triple-play qua kt


43/84



ni point-to-point n khch hng. Tuy nhin, th trng ln nht trong Metro

Ethernet li l kt ni point-to-point (knh thu ring). Hin ti, vi chun PLSB

(Provider Linkstate Bridging) ang c nghin cu, PBB k vng s c s b

sung hon ho cho kt ni a im a im.

- PBB hng ti mt h thng mng metro c qun tr tnh, phng theo nhng

m hnh qun tr c ca h thng SONET/SDH. Vi nhng nh cung cp dchv truyn thng, iu ny lm cho h cm thy quen thuc, khng phi thay i

nhiu. Tuy nhin, y cng l iu tng t vi h thng s dng MPLS & LSP.

Kh nng m rng ca PBB

Kh nng m rng t l thun vi kh nng qun l cu hnh mng. Mt h thng

mng khng c kh nng qun l cu hnh th s khng c kh nng m rng.

Trong mng Ethernet truyn thng, VLAN c to ra phn tch thng tin

gia cc vng mng. Hn ch ln nht ca VLAN l mi router hoc switch ch h trti a 4096 VLAN. Vi mt cng ty, mt n v th con s ny l qu . Nhng trong

mi trng mng cung cp dch v, 4096 khng c ngha thc t. ci tin vn

ny, hai chun IEEE 802.1ad(Q-in-Q) v IEEE 802.1ah (MAC-IN-MAC) c p

dng. Q-in-Q cho php m rng s lng VLAN v MAC-in-MAC cho php nh

danh s lng khc hng ln ti hng triu khch hng.

PBB cho php da vo VLAN nh danh s lng khch hng v vt qua

c ro cn 4096 VLAN. Nhng lm iu ny, trn cc switch PBB cn phi dnh

nhiu b nh, CPU hn cho vic x l cc header ca Ethernet Frame, tm ra c haia ch MAC trong frame. S lng b nh cng nh CPU cn thm s tng ln

khong 30%. iu tt yu l gi thnh chung ca thit b cng s tng ln.

Vi hn ch trong vic h tr multicast, tng lai 5 10 nm tip theo, cc dch

v IPTV, triple-play s l mt vn m PBB phi cn nhc khi pht trin.

tin cy ca PBB

Vi h thng mng cung cp dch v th tin cy l mt trong nhng yu t

tin quyt khi nh gi h thng. Phn ln cc nh cung cp dch v mong mun cung

cp dch v, ng dng ti ngi s dng vi n nh 4 s 9 hoc 5 s 9, hn ch ti

a nhng nh hng ti cht lng ca h thng thoi, truyn s liu hoc video. PBB

ang c IEEE xem xt vi tn gi PBB-TE v c nhng cn tr nht nh cn phi

vt qua nu mun c chun ha.

tin cy ca PBB da trn cc quy nh ca chun ITU G.8031 cho bo v

vng chuyn mch Ethernet, tng t nh giao thc bo v chuyn mch trong


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SONET/SDH t ng bo v chuyn mch (Auto protection Switching APS). Khi

thit lp mt knh chuyn d liu, PBB quy nh thm mt knh na lm knh d

phng. Trong cng ngh SONET/SDH, y gi l d phng 1 + 1. Tuy nhin, PBB

khng c nhng khuyn ngh lin quan n vic bo v trong trng hp s c xy ra

node kt ni hoc ng ring vt l.

Chiph ca PBB

Trong trng hp PBB trin khai cung cp dch v mng im im vi

nhng thit b switch Ethernet gi r, r rng l chi ph u t thp hn bt k loi

hnh no khc. L do l cc khi chuyn mch Ethernet hin nay c gi thnh sn

xut rt thp, c bit khi so snh vi nhng switch ATM hoc router.

Hin nay, cc khi thit b chuyn mch tun th theo PBB cha c sn xut

i tr. Nhng thit b chuyn mch thng thng khng h tr hoc cha h tr cc

tnh nng OAM (802.1ag). V th, trong tng lai gn kh nng thit b PBB c snxut i tr nh switch Ethernet s cha r rng.

B nh, kh nng x l l nhng thnh phn phi u t thm trong nhng

switch khi x l ng gi, m gi bn tin MAC-IN-MAC. Theo IDC, gi thnh s tng

thm khong 33% khi so snh mt thit b PBB vi thit b chuyn mch lp 2 thng

thng.

Do PBB khng h tr Multicast lp 3 nn khi s dng PBB cho dch v Triple-

play, vi mi dch v khi cn truyn ti a im cn phi tng thm bng thng ring

r tng ng cho mi im.

PBB c h tr m bo cht lng dch v mc cao nht ( H-QoS). m

bo tryn ti thng tin vi yu cu H-QoS, pha nhn phi c s c lp tng i vi

mi trng truyn ti. Vi cng ngh hng kt ni nh PBB, cc tuyn truyn dn c

kh m bo lu lng phi c xc lp trc. Vi nhng mng m ti nguyn bng

thng khng m bo, gii php ny s dn ti tng chi ph s dng.

Mt s vn khc

Theo di trng thi truyn tin qua cc ch s v tr, mt gi l nhng ngdng qun l mng thng c s dng. PBB s dng chun ITU Y1731 theo di

tr, mt gi. Tuy nhin, nu c nhng dch v trn nn MPLS s dng h tng PBB

th nhng yu cu v theo di hiu nng cng nh qun l ca MPLS cn phi c b

sung.

Nm 2008 cha c mng dch v thc t no s dng cng ngh PBB. BT

(Brishtish Telecom) cng b s p dng PBB cung cp dch v im-im, truyn


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ti lu lng ti h thng mng MPLS. BT khng ch trng s dng PBB thay

th mng MPLS. Verizon ang xem xt trin khai PBB cho mng chuyn mch trn

ton nc M. Nu thnh cng, y c th coi l d n ln u tin ca PBB.

Mc tiu chnh ca PBB l h thng mng metro v truy cp Ethernet. Nhng

Nortel vn cho rng PBB c th c s dng cho nhng mng li. Nhng nhng b

tch ghp ROADMs c gi ngy cng gim, s ph bin ca MPLS trn nn mng cp

quang, kh nng PBB c s dng trn mng Metro thu hp. Thm vo , cc

thit b truyn ti ang c thit k theo xu hng c kh nng truyn thng d liu

t switch Ethernet xung tng truyn ti WDM ( Ethernet over WDM), gim gi thnh

s dng b chuyn i v vic thu go m Ethernet trong mng Metro.

Mt cu hi t ra l tnh nng dch v m nh cung cp a ti ngi s dng.

Vi nhng nh cung cp dch v im - im, h thng mng dch v c nh, mun

hn ch ti a nhng s phc tp do nh tuyn mang li th s la ch n PBT. Dch v

mang tnh thng mi cao nh L3 VPN (rfc 2547/4364) li khng c h tr trong

PBT. Nh vy, nhng nh cung cp dch v ny s phi chp nhn gii hn dch v

cung cp l im dim hin ti v tng lai.

Trn y l mt s gii thiu ngn gn v nhng nh gi v PBB Phn tip theo

s trnh by chi tit v nhng chun c s dng trong PBB-TE.

2.2.2 Cng ngh PBB-TE

Nh nu trong phn trn, nn tng ca cng ngh truyn dn Metro s dng

PBT l hai giao thc ng gi lp 2 : Q-in-Q ( 802.1ad) v MAC-in-MAC(802.1ah).Vn cn phi quan tm ca h tng mng lp 2 l s lng a ch MAC khi cung

cp dch v E-LAN, E-TREE cng nh khng gian a ch MAC ca nh cung cp v

ca ngi dng u c gii quyt qua vic ng gi tiu bn tin Ethernet trong

mt tiu Ethernet khc.

2.2.2.1. Chun MAC-in-MAC(802.1ah)

Chun 802.1ah hay cn gi l PBB Provider Backbone Bridges gii quyt

nhng vn m 802.1ad vn cha x l c. Vi Q-in-Q, s lng VLAN ca

mng cung cp dch v vn mi ch dng li 4096. Thay v thm mt nhn VLAN

vo bn tin Ethernet, PBB s ng gi mo u ca gi tin 802.1ad trong mt mo u

MAC khc. Nh vy, bn tin s c hai lp a ch MAC: a ch MAC ca Q-in-Q v

a ch MAC ca lp mng cung cp dch v (Service Provider) MAC-IN-MAC.

Trong bn tin MAC-IN-MAC, trng Service Instances c di 24 bit s dng

nh danh cho cc dch v tng ng vi VLAN, cho php m rng kh nng ca

cung cp dch v ln ti 16 triu VLAN .


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Ti thi im hin ti, chun 802.1ah c IEEE ph duyt chnh thc. Bn

cnh cc m t v bn tin, hot ng ca 802.1ah, chun ny cng m t giao thc

MSTP Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol. Chun MSTP khc vi STP l cho php cc

bn tin Ethernet c th c truyn theo nhiu ng dn khc nhau.

nh dng ca bn tin MAC-in-MAC

Cc trng thng tin trong bn tin MAC-IN-MAC c m t trong bng di

y. Bng pha trn m t nhng thng tin ca bn tin trong mng Q-in-Q (ngi

dng), bng pha di l nhng thng tin c thm vo ti im bin ca mng

MAC-IN-MAC.

Bng 2.1 nh dng bn tin MAC-in-MAC

Payload

Ethertype (802.1Q=0x8100) 16 bit

Customer-VLAN ID 16 bit

Ethertype (802.1ad = 0x88-a8) 16 bit

Service VLAN ID 16 bit

Ethertype (IPV4: 0x0800, IPV6: 0x86DD) 16 bit

Customer SA (MAC) 48 bit

Customer DA (MAC) 48 bit

I-TAG: 32 bit or 128 bit

Ethertype : 16 bit

Backbone VLAN ID (16 bit)Ethertype : 16 bit

Backbone SA (MAC) 48 bit

Backbone DA (MAC) 48 bit

Cc thng tin c b sung vo bn tin Ethernet m bo cho h thng mng

c th chuyn mch cc gi tin nh mng LAN thng thng. Chi tit v hot ng

ca 802.1ah s c m t trong phn tip theo.

Hot ng ca 802.1ah

Bn tin ca ngi dng khi i n swit ch bin ca mng PBB ( PBEB Provider

Backbone Edge Bridge) s c dng gi thm mt s thng tin to nn mt mo

u lp Ethernet mi mo u ca nh cung cp dch v.

PBEB kim tra bng chuyn tip a ch MAC v chuyn tip gi tin tng t

nh trong h thng mng LAN. Bn tin s c chuyn tip trong h thng mng nh

cung cp v n PBEB cn n. Ti y, PBEB s tch mo u MAC mi thm vo


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n te tnghif p i hc Chng 3: ng dngCNMAN-EtiVNPT YnBi

Duy Hg h Lp H09VT1 33

v chuyn n mng ngi dng cui. Trong mng 802.1ah, ng truyn cho cc gi

tin s c ch r theo tng chng t ng hoc theo cu hnh trc.

Hnh 2.2 Hotng ca 802.1ah

Hnh di y m t kt ni gia cc vng mng Q-in-Q qua mt mng trung

gian (nh cung cp) MAC-IN-MAC.

Hnh 2.3 Ktni gia cc vng mng Q-in-Q qua mtmngMAC-INMAC

Cng ngh 802.1ah cho php tch ring khng gian a ch MAC ca ngi

dng cui v khng gian a ch ca nh cung cp dch v. Cc thng tin ca bn tin

Ethernet s khng c ngha trong vng mng nh cung cp dch v.


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2.2.2.2Chun PBB-TE (802.1Qay)Ch vi nhng chun 802.1ah, 802.1ad th cha p dng Ethernet cho h

thng mng ca nhng nh cung cp dch v. Trong qu trnh xy dng cc tnh nng,

yu cu c th s dng Ethernet, chun 802.1Qay Provider Backbone Bridges

Traffic Engineering kt hp t cc chun:- 802.1Q VLAN

- 802.1ab

- 802.1ad Q-in-Q

- 802.1ah MAC-IN-MAC

- 802.1ag CFM.

Nortel xut nhng iu kin s dng Ethernet trong mi trng mng

WAN, MAN gm c:

Truyn ti dch v c m bo cht lng, xc nh c ng truyn vi tng

dch v trn nn mng Ethernet trong ton tuyn hoc mt phn.

m bo tnh tin cy, kh nng qun l v kh nng m rng nhm cung cp cc

dch v a phng tin ti ngi dng theo cc tiu chun thng mi

Tn dng kh nng vt tri v qun l v vn hnh tin ti mt h tng

mng thng nht.

Chun cng ngh PBB-TE cho php s dng Ethernet nh l cng ngh truyn

ti d liu cp nh cung cp dch v. PBT to ra nhng knh Ethernet cho phptruyn ti d liu qua h thng c kim sot v iu khin c lu lng, m bo

QoS, chu li v kh nng OAM tng t nh vi SDH truyn thng. c th x

l c ti mc kt ni, PBT loi b mt s tnh nng ca Ethernet m bo c

c m hnh mng hng kt ni, khc vi m hnh mng hin ti ca Ethernet l m

hnh khng kt ni. Khc vi PBB, PBB-TE khng s dng STP chng lp trong

mng. Khi mt khung Ethernet n cng switch vi a ch MAC khng tn ti trong

bng chuyn tip, PBB-TE s loi b khung , khc vi Ethernet truyn thng, khung

ny

B-DA: a ch MAC ngun v ch trong mng PBB. Vi nhng bn tin cha

bit a ch ch, bn tin s c gn a ch MAC dng Multicast vi nh dng

cho 3 byte u tin trong 6 byte a ch: 01-00-5E-0; phn tip theo l 23 bit a ch

ly t nh danh I-SID.

B-TAG: bao gm nh danh Backbone VLAN, cc thng tin lin quan n dch

v ca nh cung cp: nh dng Ethernet, nh dng u tin ...


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n ttnghii p i hc Chng 3: ng dngCNMAN-EtiVNPT YnBi

Duy Hp q Lp H09VT1 35

2. CNG NGH MPLS

Trong phn ny s trnh by cc kin thc cbn v cng ngh MPLS, cng

ngh MPLS trin khai cho Ethernet v cc dch v trin khaitrn MPLS

2. .1 C b n v MPLS

2.3.1.1 Giithir

u vMPLS

MPLS l mt phng thc c citin cho vic chuyn tip cc gitin trong

mng bng cch s dng cc nhn c gn thm vo trong cc gitin IP. Cc nhn

c chn vo gia header ca lp 3 v header ca lp 2 trong trng hp s dng k

thut da trn khung lp 2. i vi cc k thut da trn t bo nh ATM, th n s

cha c trng VPI v VCI.

MPLS l s kt hp ca k thut chuyn mch lp 2 v k thut nh tuyn lp

3. Mc tiu chnh ca MPLS l to ra mt cu trc mng mm do cung cp cho

c tnh mrng v n nh ca mng.

Trong mng MPLS, cc gitin vo c gn nhn bi mt b nh tuyn chuyn

mch nhn bin (Edge LSR). Cc gi tin c gi theo mt ng chuyn mch

nhn (LSP). LSP l con ng m mi LSRs dng chuyn tip da trn cc i

x ring bit cho tng nhn. Ti mi chng, LSRgb cc nhn c sn v thm vo

mt nhn mi, sau thng bo cho chng k tip bit chuyn tip gitin. Nhn

s c gb ti LSRbin v gitin s tip tc c chuyn tip n ch cn n.

2.3.1.2 Cc khi nir

m cbn

Hnh 2.4 Cutrc nhnMPLS

Nhn: Nhn l mt thc th c di ngn v c nh khng c cu trc bn

trong. Nhn khng trc tip m ha thng tin ca tiu nh a chlp mng. Nhn

c gi vo mt gi tin c th s i din cho mt FEC m gi tin c n

nh. Thng thng mt gitin c n nh mt FEC (hon ton hoc mt phn) da

trn a ch ch lp mng ca n.


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Ti u nhn: MPLS nh ngha mt header nhn. N di 32 bits v c to ra

ti LSR li vo. Dng ca nhn ph thuc vo phng thc truyn tin m gi tin

c ng gi. V d, cc gi ATM s dng gi tr VPI/VCI lm nhn, vi Frame

Relay l DLCI

Mi tiu nhn gm c 4 trng:

- Trng Label: 20 bit, cha gi tr tht ca nhn MPLS.

- Trng CoS: 3 bit, nh hng n hng i v cc thut ton loi b c p

dng cho cc gi tin khi c truyn trn mng.

- Trng S: 1 bit, dng h tr cc ngn xp nhn c phn cp.

- Trng TTL: 8 bit, xc nh gii hn bao nhiu chng (hop) m mt gi tin

MPLS c th i qua. Gii hn ny l cn c v trng IP TTL s khng c

xem xt bi cc LSR ni bn trong mt mng MPLS.

i vi cc gi tin ATM th nhn ca chng l VCI hoc VPI/VCI v cc trngTLL, S khng c h tr.

Ngn xp nhn: Mt tp hp c th t cc nhn gn theo cc gi tin chuyn

ti thng tin v nhiu FEC v v cc LSP tng ng m gi s i qua. Ngn xp nhn

cho php MPLS h tr nh tuyn phn cp (Mt nhn cho EGP v mt nhn cho IGP)

v t chc a LSP trong mt trung k LSP.

LSR v LER: B nh tuyn chuyn mch nhn l thit b nh tuyn hay

chuyn mch s dng trong mng MPLS chuyn cc gi tin bng phng php

phn phi nhn. Mt LSR thng thng l mt thit b chuyn mch tc cao trongmt mng ng trc ca mng MPLS. B nh tuyn nhn bin (LER Label Edge

Router) l mt thit b hat ng ti bin gii gia mng truy cp v mng MPLS.

Lp chuyn tip tng ng FEC: FEC l mt khi nim m t s kt hp

cc gi tin ri rc vi nhau c cng mt a ch ch, thng thng l ngi nhn cui

cng trong lung. FEC cho php nhm cc gi vo trong cc lp v c nhng i x

nh nhau. T nhm ny, gi tr FEC trong g i c th c s dng thit lp mc

u tin cho vic iu khin cc gi, FEC c th h tr hiu qu hot ng QoS. Thng

thng cc thng s sau c s dng nh x mt nhn thnh FEC i vi cc gitin trn Internet:

a ch IP ngun v ch.

Cng ngun v ch

Nhn dng giao thc IP (PID)

Lung


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n ttnghis p i hc Chng 3: ng dngCNMAN-EtiVNPT YnBi

Duy Ht u Lp H09VT1 37

n dn chuy n ch nhn LSP:Mt ng dn i xuyn qua mng c

gi l LSP. N c xc nh bng mt trong hai cch sau. Cch th nht, cc giao

thc nh tuyn c in nh OSPF hay BGP. Cch th hai, LSP c th c to ra

theo cc quy tc ca nh tuyn rng buc CR(Constraint-base routing).

Mt LSP nit u cui n u cui c gil ng hm LSP (LSP t

do an (anh hwng)

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