1. Ahmed Saeed, KarimHabak, MahmoudFouad and MoustafaYoussef
Nile University, Egypt
SRC, MobiCom2009, Beijing, China
DNIS:A Middleware for Dynamic Multiple Network Interface Scheduling

2. Outline

Motivation

3. What is DNIS ? 4. Scheduling algorithms 5. Maximum Throughput-based Selection 6. Implementation 7. Results 8. Related WorkSRC, MobiCom 2009
9. Motivation
Mobile devices in a lot of environments can find different possible ways to connect to the internet
(Wi-Fi, Modem, LAN, etc)
Available operating systems can only connect to one of those interfaces at a time
Socket API
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10. What is DNIS ?
DNIS stands for Dynamic Network Interface Scheduler
DNIS is used for bandwidth aggregation of the available network interfaces
Boosting the total devices bandwidth
Increasing the stability of the internet connection
Works at the socket-level and finds the best interface for each new socket connection
Process Estimator
Scheduler
Interface Estimator
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11. Scheduling Algorithms
Choosing only one interface
Round Robin selection
Maximum Throughput based selection
Profile based selection (ongoing)
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12. Maximum Throughput-based Selection
Selects one of the available interfaces for an incoming connection so that the system finishes its current load as soon as possible
Depends on
Estimated Network Interface and application parameters:
Average no. of bytes received/sent by an application per connection
Max. speed attained by a network interface
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13. Maximum Throughput-based Selection(Contd)
IF1 (100 Kb/s) IF 2 (60 Kb/s)
At t = 0
At t = 2
At t = 4
At t = 7
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14. Implementation
DNIS uses the same concepts used by firewalls and network proxies tocontrol the network flow
One of its components is a service that is used to intercept socket-based connection requests and assign proper network interfaces
to them
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15. Results
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Large Clients = 50 Mbs
Medium Clients = 5 Mbs
Small Clients = 250 Kbs
16. Related Work
Physical Layer BA
Special hardware needed
Network Layer BA
A proxy is needed [Chebrolu, Wireless Networks 2007]
Transport Layer BA
New protocols needed, suggesting changes in legacy servers [Hsieh, MobiCom02] [Magalhaes, ICNP 2001]
Session Layer BA
Needs changes in the clients application. [Zaharia, STOC SRC 2007]
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17. Ongoing Work
Estimation granularity
Process, connection
Profile-based approach
QoS, priorities
Process estimation
UDP
Should different datagrams use the same interface?
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18. Conclusion
We have a lot of unutilized resources!
DNIS is a middleware that helps a client device utilize all of its networking resources with no modifications needed on the cloud
A stable version will be available soon on winc.nileu.edu.eg
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19. Thank You!
Questions ?
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20. Related work
21. Network Layer
22. A Network Layer Approach to Enable TCP over Multiple Interfaces (Wireless Networks,Volume 11 , Issue 5 (September 2005)Pages: 637 650, Year of Publication:2005, ISSN:1022-0038)
By: KAMESWARI CHEBROLU of California at San Diego, La Jolla and BHASKARAN RAMAN of Indian Institute of Technology.
Idea: Same as the one before it (proxies) but it supports the TCP protocol as it lets the proxy handle the aggregation.
Advantages:
Transparent to the application.
Easier to get estimations
Disadvantages:
Complicated (Needs to handle packets and route them to the appropriate interface).
Needs a proxy service
23. Session Layer
24. Fast and Optimal Scheduling Over Multiple Network Interfaces (University of Waterloo Technical Report CS-2007-36, October 2007)
By: Matei A. Zahariaof California Berkely and SrinivasanKeshav of Waterloo
Idea: Extending the implementation of Opportunistic Communication Management Protocol to make it aware of the available interfaces, then connecting the different interfaces each to a proxy that handles connecting to the internet for it.
Advantages:
Optimal and linear algorithm.
Disadvantages:
The need for the proxy,
static algorithm,
not transparent to the applications.
25. Transport Layer
26. R-MTP (Reliable Multiplexing Transport Protocol) ICNP 2001
By: LuizMagahlaes in University of Illinois
Idea: Creating a new protocol on the transport layer that virtualizes the different interfaces and aggregates the bandwidth.
Adv. :
Transparent to applications
transparent to hardware
easier to get estimations.
Disadv. :
Complicated (packets should be monitored, changes in the protocol chain should be made)
requires changes in legacy internet servers for compatability.
27. Between the session layer and the transport(Socket Layer)
28. Design and Implementation of a Socket-level Bandwidth Aggregation Mechanism for Wireless Networks (WICON; Vol. 220)
By: Hiroshi SAKAKIBARA et al. School of Media and Governanc Keio University 5322, Endo, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Japan
Idea: SBAM (Socket Bandwidth Aggregation Mechanism). Which changes the structure of the socket to be able to manipulate the headers. The new type of server should be available at the server and the client.
Advantages:
Transparent to the applications
Transparent to the hardware
Better utilization as a single connection can be distributed to different interfaces
Disadvantages:
It should be put on the servers too.
Complicated because it includes packets reordering and headers manipulation which might result in an overhead.
29. DNIS
Idea: Changing the socket layer to intercept connections on the client and using estimations about the applications and the interfaces, DNIS can assign those connections to the interfaces depending on the load it can take.
Advantages:
Transparent to the hardware.
Transparent to the applications.
No need for changes on server.
Easy to plug in the client.
Simple and easy to trace and control and has low overhead(no packet manipulation)
Disadvantages:
Lack of full utilization as connections are distributed over the interfaces not the packets so if a connection finished early its interface wouldnt be utilized.
30. Link Layer
31. Link layer
Its supported widely but it needs matching end points and homogenous links.
It makes changes on the physical layer and it needs also matching connections.
For more information please check this link
http://www.ieee802.org/3/hssg/public/apr07/frazier_01_0407.pdf