dna forensics. dna fingerprinting - what is it? use of molecular genetic methods that determine the...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
DNA Forensics
![Page 2: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
DNA Fingerprinting - What is It?
• Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that the results distinguish one biological organism from another
• This unique genotype = DNA Profile
![Page 3: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
It’s not that complicated
• A DNA fingerprint is a method of looking at the similarities and differences that exist in organisms’ DNA sequences
• Distinguish one biological organism from another
• Individually discriminating southern blot minisatellite hybridization profile
![Page 4: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Collect Tissue Sample
How to do DNA FingerprintingThe Big Picture
>1000 cells
RFLP / Southern blot PCR AnalysisRFLP / Southern blot
>20 cells
![Page 5: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
![Page 6: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
DNA Fingerprinting RFLP
Determination of an individual’s unique collection of DNA restriction fragments
![Page 7: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Collect Tissue Sample
How to do DNA FingerprintingThe Big Picture
>1000 cells
RFLP / Southern blot PCR AnalysisRFLP / Southern blot
>20 cells
![Page 8: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Non Coding vs Coding DNA• The majority of our genome is made up non coding
DNA• How much?• Of this a large portion is of short sequences that are
repeated, sometimes hundreds of times. There are numerous forms of this "repetitive DNA"
![Page 9: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Short Tandem Repeats(STR’s)
STR – region of DNA containing tandem copies of di-, tri- or tetranucleotide repeat units.
Examples:Dinucleotide repeats: GTGTGTGTGTGT……
Trinucleotide repeats: ACGACGACGACG……
Tetranucleotide repeats:TATCTATCTATC……
![Page 10: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
More on STRs• Number of repeats varies greatly between
individuals
• STRs make up 10-15% of the mammalian genome
• STRs are also called “microsatellites”
![Page 11: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Possible Patterns for a Single “Gene” With Three Alleles
In a standard DNA fingerprint, about a dozen sites are analyzed, with each site having many possible alleles.
![Page 12: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
PCR = Polymerase Chain Reaction
![Page 14: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What is It?
• Basically DNA replication in a tube• Needs the same basic components as DNA
replication:
• DNA nucleotides, the building blocks for the new DNA • Template DNA, the DNA sequence that you want to
amplify • Primers, single-stranded DNAs between 20 and 50
nucleotides long that are complementary to a short region on either side of the template DNA
• Taq polymerase, a heat stable enzyme that drives, or catalyzes, the synthesis of new DNA
• Targets a particular sequence and amplifies it many many, many, many times
![Page 15: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
PCR https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2KoLnIwoZKU
![Page 16: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
CODIS Loci• Combined DNA Index System
• 13 Loci across human genome
![Page 17: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Multilocus analysis - 7 loci
![Page 18: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
![Page 19: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
![Page 21: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
![Page 23: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
DNA Allele Interpretation
• http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg20727733.500-fallible-dna-evidence-can-mean-prison-or-freedom.html#.U0f7lsYh5W4
![Page 24: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Grim Sleeper
![Page 25: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
MZ DZDZ
Monozygotic (Identical) and Dizygotic (Fraternal)
twins STR Analysis
![Page 26: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Mitochondrial DNA
![Page 27: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
![Page 28: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Y Chromosomal Inheritance
![Page 31: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
![Page 32: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
![Page 33: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
![Page 34: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
https://genographic.nationalgeographic.com
![Page 35: DNA Forensics. DNA Fingerprinting - What is It? Use of molecular genetic methods that determine the exact genotype of a DNA sample in a such a way that](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062516/56649ddf5503460f94ad8201/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Homework
• See Blackboard for Assignments for this Special Topic