Name the components of a nucleotide.

• Sugar, phosphate group, nitrogen base

How many different nucleotides are there?

Eight

Name all pyrimidines. How many rings do they have?

• Cytosine, thymine, uracil (1 ring)

How is the sugar in DNA different from the sugar in RNA?

• Ribose has one more oxygen than deoxyribose

What type of bond holds together the two sides of the double helix?

Hydrogen bonds

Which two enzymes are involved in DNA replication?

DNA helicase and DNA polymerase

Name the three types of RNA

• Messenger RNA

• Transfer RNA

• Ribosomal RNA

List the 3 parts of the central dogma.

Replication

Transcription

Translation

Use the amino acid chart and find the amino acid for the following DNA segment:

C G A

• Alanine

• (CGA gets transcribed to GCU in mRNA)

Name 2 chemical mutagens

tobacco, formaldehyde, asbestos, arsenic, benzene

If DNA is cut into 7 fragments, how many restriction sites were there?

6 sites

Name the chromosomal mutations.

• Deletion

• Duplication (or insertion)

• Inversion

• Translocation

Who took X ray diffraction pictures of DNA?

Wilkins and Franklin

What did Hershey and Chase use in their famous experiment?

Bacteriophages

How can millions of copies of DNA be produced from small samples?

• Polymerase Chain Reaction

Name 2 types of enzymes involved in genetic engineering.

• Restriction enzymes

• DNA ligase

• DNA polymerase (in PCR)

What is the name for a segment of noncoding DNA in the middle of a gene?

• Intron

Mixture of blood at

crime scene

Victim Suspect 1

Suspect 2

Suspect 3

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Suspect 3

A closed loop of DNA in a bacterial cell is a ______

Plasmid

In gel electrophoresis, DNA fragments move from _____ electrode to _____ electrode, and _________ pieces move

the farthest.

• From – to +, small pieces move farthest.

What DNA corresponds to methionine?

TAC

What is useful about the Bt gene?

• Makes crops resistant to insects

Which is a silent mutation?

A) TTT to TAT

B) GAC to AAC

C) CCA to CAA

D) All of these

E) None of these

B is silent

• A) TTT to TAT

AAA (lysine) to AUA (isoleucine)

• B) GAC to AAC

CUG (leucine) to UUG (leucine)

• C) CCA to CAA

GGU (glycine) to GUU (valine)