protein synthesis (dna and rna)
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Protein Synthesis (DNA and RNA). DNA. D eoxyribo n ucleic a cid Located in the nucleus Double helix Twisted ladder. Watson and Crick describe structure of DNA in 1953 - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
Protein Synthesis(DNA and RNA)
DNA
Deoxyribonucleic acid Located in the nucleus Double helix
Twisted ladder
DNA
Watson and Crick describe structure of DNA in 1953
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1962 was awarded jointly to Crick, Watson and Wilkins "for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material".
Francis Crick James Watson
DNA
DNA Nucleotide Sugar - Deoxyribose Phosphate Base
Adenine – Thymine Guanine – Cytosine Mnemonic devices
A and T spell “AT” All Tigers Can Grow
DNA
Sides of ladder are consisted of sugars and phosphates
Rungs of ladder are consisted of nitrogen bases
DNA
Hydrogen bonds – holds bases together
DNA Replication
One strand of DNA “unzips” and make two strands of DNA by binding with free nucleotides
DNA Replication
RNA
Different types are used to translate instructions from DNA into making proteins
Ribonucleic acid Located in the cytoplasm
RNA
RNA Nucleotide Sugar - Ribose Phosphate Base
Adenine – Uracil Guanine – Cytosine
Mnemonic devices All Unicorns Can Grow
or
All Unibrows
Can Grow
U
Complementary Base Pairing
DNA A-T C-G
Examples of DNA replication: A-T-C-G-G-C-A-T-C
A-A-C-T-G-G-G-C-G
RNA A-U C-G
Examples of transcription: A-T-C-A-C-A-G-T-A
C-A-G-G-A-C-T-A-G
RNA
Three types of RNA Messenger RNA (mRNA)
Half of a ladder Ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Hamburger bun shaped Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Attach to mRNA
mRNA
tRNA
rRNA
Codons
Codon – a sequence of three nucleotide bases that represents the “code” for one amino acid
Amino acid – a building block for proteins
Codons
Start codon - tells cells to begin making amino acids AUG
Stop codon – tell cells to cease amino acid production UAG UGA UAA
Transcription
The first stage in making amino acids
DNA is the blueprint for making amino acids
Transcription occurs in the nucleus
Transcription
DNA unzips and free ribonucleotides bind to the DNA strand
The finished product is a mRNA strand
mRNA leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm
Translation
The second stage in producing amino acids
Translation occurs in the cytoplasm
A ribosome (or rRNA) attaches to a mRNA and scans the mRNA
Translation
One tRNA (or an anticodon) will attach to a codon to produce an amino acid
After an amino acid is formed, the tRNA will detach from the mRNA
Amimo acids are held together by peptide bonds
Two or more amino acids form a polypeptide
Progression of a protein Amino acid – the building blocks of proteins Polypeptide – two or more amino acids Protein – several polypeptide chains
Protein Synthesis Videos
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=983lhh20rGY&feature=related
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=41_Ne5mS2ls