124

61,6%.1 ( ) 4 jag13 Ala 4 e -14.41 Z.La.111,1 cLaa

Design of storm water Drainage Systems Storm waterDrainage Systems in Middle Eastern Cities

" A new Approach"

(44 liLt1) ts.)111 0.14 vi .)L12.41 4.)4-4 t -2:1

Zaher S. Khaiel

• ,14.:5 j

ABSTRACT

It is a tradition among the Arab designers not to consider the effect ofsediments in their design of drainage systems which would give a wrong design ,especially according to the lack of maintenance of drainage systems. Ignoring theeffect of sediments leads to ignoring a major factor affecting the hydraulicroughness of the flow, where sediments increase the hydraulic roughness and alsodecrease the cross section of the sewers.

The aim of this paper is to introduce a new approach to handle the design ofstorm sewers and also to include all hydraulic factors which affect the flow, thesefactors are:

1. Properties of sediments (diameter, shape and density)2 Water properties (density, viscosity and temperature)3. Flow characteristics (velocity, sediment concentration, sediment

depth,gravitational force and depth of sediments)

In order to achieve this model , laboratory tests (carried out by the author ona prototype at Salford Hydraulic Laboratory in Manchester).

2-0a/I L-0141 4;4111:4-...411 4.)411143..1)-41-1-1 •

125

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• j11.11 J,1 4_14...m. 1 .y*1 ._>.._11 Joi,11

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▪ ,j.a:44.51:111 01÷411 )1..12.4V1

...)0L14.1 :Lae ,=,) 1*.9

I Ll&.1 tra^

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)4.31.4.11 ,s_11 131

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: L.5.j43 ;444 j J.344.1 LLj j44.4.11 Lcr- 1.4j1 9,n.1 .1

LIS-2 .1

4;i4 j.,11

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cr__LeaH J.D 3.1-66 taLZJ.

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cr.:}Li.i LjiL>,..31 _34)

Lo:'11

126

) , J.11.11 141 131 411a11

1,3 1L31, 9 J1-4.11 _}.131

6÷4'11 1- -'"-;=19 J1-12-'411 4.-sjc

3,3 %-i1.4ic

_r-1.-.31,3_92,..-4 c• 9 4J-?-4 31 -1., _9- Gutters J-.1,Y+

,11 Sediments ,LL4.5,4.D

Lt.z-

k5, ik_r_11.111 j..4 ,3 .)-1111 LZ-ii! J■4 -.11 )1) L 1 y1

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j .713 1.4.4-511

: Sylal I

g 4 .! -:„.

;k_411_&. J-Li j JL?.....11 a L4411

Self Cleansing Velocity 1,:i 1-4 =, 11 ji.11

BS 8005 (1987)

1.0 m/sBs-Cp2005 (1968)

0.76 m/sWater Pollution Control Federation

0.9 m/s

ASCE, USA

0.9 m/s

: 31A1 .„7,171.1. j&.1} k.:271.6AJ 51..0.11 J.1.11 jjai

Durand 1952, Laurson 1956, Graf 1971, Novak 1978, Ackers1984.

127

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.,±113

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L,L.0 jj) ji JALS ,131

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J i j..11 a._35, J.?..411

J-21

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128

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,rii

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(Dunes) .,.13_2\11JiJ Lji4i V2

( Heterogeneous Flow) c--64

3 1314 ciai..14 ky_W j+iti jj d.az, N2R-14 C.15-Cj V LA

Lo .A ;_.› . 1N/1 ;ULa..11 )41 :t.c. Ji

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Lns_ 51.4.11 u�,1 jas-k,

Jj_1,

LJ J.il 1J e:c1_311i lc.

(Asymmetric Flow)

: j14.A.1 A41.4.1

j14 Lria YJ-41_,G•4.W,111 cr.16,w •

..„1,4)11 LISIL •

•

129

yte 1 3 ( I ,%1_11..%4SL1 [1411

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Li _>:1211 X11 F 1 •

44211 0.,71 •

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SJ-SY ,4-6■211-11 C4°311 ;4-C'.11.3

(Ks) 4.3.1.111 .1

(d50, hb) 141.2-c ).6

L.I■L ZiJ LULA ji411 ^‹ d50 e:J ai

;,).=„6 4 G j_44-4 :).4 JAY ilk Jys y l u j Zsi.L>.1zq

(Laursen, Durand, ASCE, Graf.... etc.) :LS,. L:)..P.4L11

J L-22.1L..L.,431

ji_wl ea_c. .)—.11+4 4__1 !‘

1 4.1?1.■ J.Lj1-1■-■&11.1 ai 4 gla4i 411aL, (Turbulency ), 01-.4y.11

LA.1 Lik.).4-ia."

cji_ ›.-21 1.244„,. Lib ,j).i (i) (Hydraulic Gradient) „..5.41 j41t_. !al ),J1c.

(Ackers ( )) ?-4-La LL.}?..141 Lidif ( Kss)

L14z3

130

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+ (1ys.ss

= S S'0

X) )3

: Kss

: Ks

: Pw

jaAll : Pb

.441......11 _1;111 ,:).4 50% Passing : d50

) J „:J1 3.1.i .,.1.11,3

j

Kss =1 :6".}1-114k.L.L11 ,wami

,-....1-1A-1Colebrook-White Equation :4-JJ4-4 Lsi Ks

) j 1_45

— \I " — 9. s°40,so 2

131

, „A.! jj ( I ) "I'La 41+All c14.:131

(Vexperimental) i iosa : V

Ks jA Y=-.1 Kss 114

: Vss

N1„ \iog .

3

k.)-C-493 (D171.)4 1 sA L.34°21 ;1/4-3^t5.411 J•611 DE

Us

L.3"1- 11 L:-/i 3_1-° 1 -'t

ZaLA Lja.cLisre 1.4+14 Za.L.64

;L41S.II 3).1,411 _A 4.1 c...4=11.,1

Colebrook-White ;i3.1..A

Kss

J4i ;1-11--,21 Kss

.c 5.141 „„--4.)1 c_5,j1 uz1-4c•

4 „.a,... 4.4,11 crjal,Q11

( Semi- Theoritical Mathematical Model)

6_,.1.11 c.L LLD

Dili 31.41,..;2.411 D'a.:6 J.Si j:L.411

49i ;1/411.11.i. a)Jall .33.4 4:ji ,:j1_Ci jk,11 oak,

132

,)„,s j ( I 14 ) _}.211A31 ,t.11)31 4.411 cLia31

:( 0 ) Graf et al. LI 4 ):12 .ti

CYR (s-1)d50 1=

gd 50 3 (s —1) _ LD

Qs

C - Qs / Q

Q„Ad„ R

V

kiU511

:taad III I ;%.11. .1141

J•LI.4 (L19i1 IA:0J .1..."4111 l ye tjSly 1 52 — SIAL.;=.411

)1.0-12iL39.Lri I 143.1 1-45 a 939.4 -)16'g `Y.S 11..9.0?.44

.k.ac.L114

: (10) W ic ks 4,..).6111 E:2-9-4111

zJa111 L14.4 c

d 54 1/ 4 [1J,Vp=()

p,— p gp 2 p D 5

4

(dynamic viscosity) ";t4. •

4 RE = J.44131 DE

124kL'6V.3

tiv7r"r.-nrc, 7÷1, n1-(35

.774( r,H.^-1P1 irr177(."*07 trm-r. rrcr tr.-(1'c'ernw—r.'

r13":"' IKJriPr"17.r trtifft7. trr1,"rc

8- %)-c9

jr.s..0%

"Tr %7,r d,[°'" m. Itimitt:

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9 x c =

'1175P itre:

17-1111? 157r0 (A■01.4 IPA) 6-m74• 7-1`r 11•4-7 tr7:547rmir:

E (7,7. Frurc'T1771"-t r7.7-744rrtr?'

6.54-0e7-i-on! .7e17"&"76.,.t-5r Sfrc

ic,n-c 7irit •

177.7ewer ‘`ift' v-47 14ve+N:477,

nrt"'71c'7'if—•'" r%88Irr,"11:7t,r342 iorlre

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cif'

6

Ef I

134

afri.5 4, AI+ "AI ,5 ( I 111 ) 411 c../1 t644.411 6:16.1.4.3

K j."11 J.412...31 LAI

1C-3 v.N/i k:X5o )1":1 = AV"- ENP c. (1 5o )1 -sD N D , 10.

(Colebrook-White :4-1.31. 3J44-11 37,0 4.31-&) ri• 1 :0

: ku.:&.11 :63l.a.411

11

:( )

'Ik°vslAgk 14. 8 Vk

IC,,, (15 y=

VC

Di° 3

s'1° 5 %7Cc a s 2/ 14. 8Ik= /1-A)%k

K.

16./2g = 70.9 = M

Vz■g, 14. 8 R.)N

IC..

12

13

T K

135

apaS ma. jA1,) ( 1 111) „Ala..11 .3.1231 *11)1 .4411 ,11.a.45.1 c+11

C • dsori a o _i °5 R I5 d50) 3

14.8RE )1 ,yLog(

o 2 (s— 1)g u D K, 14

cilL11 3.41a:3- )1_41.z.. :a, b

Le..31

6-..14-1=S ,=A4-5,-411 c„s-i Sucii k..413..)J.4 1

31_,LcH crlacti 641—,11c_p_.&111 c.1-1111

136

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s ) j.11.1.11 t.41)1 .4.11 c1+111

:I1 i^la5 •

_34111 J-141 ;LF")1Lc- ivSl ;41:1111

) J LI-CL )J )

< a = -1Cos-V - )

`fi b —1 (L a -sin a)A 2g

A- =

a- 27r

a V

_ - sin a"C) + s'Ink . a 12)

15

137

161,5 A,. (1 4 .4 t ) it.41)1 .4.411

S.4.411 0 :}4 'DF

t..) *il I t L„.1.411 4. ail.5.4.11 AZ JA, :DEb

4„t4.4.11 t pee A f _9•4 A b

: ;411.111 A..;,..7:11.u.lt ',ZL.111.,,.. :11 1 LS

\\ A A.N3 A h i3 h = 4.186C )1 I.1%6, )2 +1.385k. )-F Q. 4015

D A A AA h h hh )3 = —4. VA, ) .1 + X. "2.%6C‘ )2 + 4. 51%, ) 4.4415 ..16A D D D

knLi.L.,a4 CLA-1,..31 f%5 N40i.L.5

- ) 4 ..)161 ) (341-i53

CA.0,231 j.1.3+11

17

cLL-43 Spread sheet Quattro Pro 4.0 z_.u).?ea c.P3_)Li_a? J. L9 j+:1-411 4.1:11:21

)31 C4431 k13141 {A5 ,9

"LA }Le_&11 LAIHLA.m.3 T&K 4-1L:11 (Semi Theoritical Model)

(Regression and statistical ,..,—;.1_2_)11,9 j.!1-,-111 1,43;1,

: -1:13.11 Suy. Lria.14, 1.131.x.4 387b A?,,x1,A.1, Analysis)

= a y... )3

a — 0.01 and b = 2.789 :j

: 5.4

138

‘Laa•S 4L-• -703 jaLa.11 s.ti ,t.,d .61.).A. 14..L11 +.4.4

C • d 5„ T 4 _ .= 0.01 ) Lo(

14.8R I' )1 -

D K— 1)g

T & K „,-.1c. (Correlation Analysis) ;Lxt—a4,11 ••••'°'

c.:;1:111 1 „0-A3 Z 1.4_11 A4. 1 012.L.;....D

g =B.%21 = \o% X 4,

::13"-)61

:= 16.1 li-ES-1)a

T2t

3.52CCC1V2. v66,01 3

7_. R a"'s x)"

19

: A241 4.4A la"41

:L1L. I

L.44-4-4 1-11:131- ‘.LA4-"5" jUA Jib , c s )1÷4i 1

..i.3")631 S-Laj r ) egi J5..1111 1.11 .j,.;L-;a

139

alas 40.44 ) J.1011 ,.111=451.1 c 1++11.1-1+A

Sheild's Shear Parameter (Sp) & Particle Shear Reynold'sParameter (Re*)

_ soN * o

Sv= )13,5,, 20

Ufsai yj1.41 4,144aa. *I LaSi

,313 Lai 314)...11 kn,. 3s44„

,.3.J.J1 .1,11 ai.1.1 jva, Re* ;kb Sp

L.W.5 53-o 1_4.4 llc. ;kr_ j_. ' 0.3141. jS,t,

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33h6-

judlaV.L:43.11 ,LIA iuti 311 ;t; 1-.;,,I1

6-4 cy_s? 11.1%

L:1,3.).11:L.421

tAlc :kaa..11 ail a j_94.0 9 git„,...33

)i1 L.5.3

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LI) < 514.14 11;1 j_..ttsA

jUmatki (Interpolation)

140

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:Lb >-1411

:CI50 .Aj V 04),.z1 ZiN121

V, d50 dam, .1 9 ;LiNz. t ) c)(

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LAIs ,:y1.1),J1 j 1_)11.4 :4_11.1,A11 j5111

4.110.41:14 9 LL.45,411

CA-4_,ILAD j kx-42 1-4.4 (load rate)

3_1.21 :19)+-511

94,1.11 j")\_:,&)n k.ru.L.,9 $14 9

J-Ii2 L4.4 C_114_,.))1.111LLAs D-4 11_43 (Turbulency)

Z÷5÷6.1 ai; d50 k11...71-4 .ja.?y5

:,31 41 44_9.05LI:t4i1_, ..k3,41:,5 jiS1

: V a d50

uy3111 L.1 1 3 Z0 1-.■01 k413. :V a. d50

:CJ1 ;t11cr4 1 .)1 LS9s JP 1 L'J-C1 9

V a d50 a 1/1(ss

: V ;Lc..),,,B D L,Ijp4P j i :14

j y ..944/1 ji21 ( 0 )

cji c.J.)!_j LIS

zuSi „rie, 1 j..,114_, I JA:, D

y,..,L1411 )J4

L IALL4 44i ; )•*,..231 i2:1/ 1 :ka j_c

141

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L1-c-•14 _)?. ,:)A A sr431

: Jul 4:14w4j1411 jAhc. j4i :1,111L

j_gc. 3l j L.415 L.).0 _>1.11 ) js.,2

;LiL=.11 6,A j LcIS

cl )?. :44.4.13

jl 651 *:).1 :4441:

i a hb/D

:4..)11.-}"31 ..Yad L.r1 ' . 11q^" :11431 jA):1 rlJ1_5 L41S v ) LI5.:411 ILA.N4

; 'C. —)12111 L/4 LIS 4j_9•1•J

hb/D L-c15 C 4 (Continuity) :41,1 y411

Li ti

Va 1/C a 1 /hb

Va 1/Ca d50 a I/hb a 1/Ks

142

jAs,3 (1401's ) ALI JA..11 14) .4.415 .61.a.05.1 ...16A

0,4u:a ;1)3

t Lu V 'L'L."Ai-L°11 4.)14-411

t÷hil j14/1 .Li l y; u J 'LA 14—,.al CJI

.*IL41! tJa LAsis kL. 147. :k.ILL?_%Aii 1.1A jUmAti

3-4-Z) ..L.4.4531 J3-fu' At ;tile J1-7.A.0 114-aaa JSA

x-8 3 spa

- Qs

t_i_914.11 iLL.6{14 ;HAS ,3 I L=L' 1.1)4 .

.D ,...;)44A11 .r

hb .

( 1 1. , ) cLA371...11 .0

)

(( 1 A)

c—i J14.AD r12.:

y• 41:31A ISRG

.11 .)&1 r

C.44i9 L J!I"^tl (.1 1-41Sri Y3i "L. _.>"Ji (5°-)4-3.1+„ e _3%3 ..64Awa 5i,N+4.5 (2,2,4411.7'

. ‘4,11

(.5.° r ) ,j) (-ALI el 4-14.AD -SaP .A

kL114.,, jiAB LiAa. asu 41," Sp

L.- 31.-144...41 J.41_411 :k_31_% 4_3 di_..C1

(gatt ers) jai.4111

143

3i.a.$ Jim.. „phi.) ( 1115 ) j! 4.4 .11.1.4W c1.1.;.11

114 "ASA ;LW I jail o:14 La1.-00:1

r44. •.k_1.1)3. L5-1) j_.1;.i

t.A-z L6611-0 Lslc- ,;11_9 -1.L.411 Lsi

jail 041 -44.4s3.5_, L ss.cll a }ii

L3^-4-13 +..)1 -146"Pl t9 ‘5.4 4)--.Th-411 .

L5_34. Lae ' 4a1-1

11 1"-Z-1.11 L:11 JO:LAH I

"4_031 4-? Lr'-'2 9-41 ;1'..)"

30.1j azi 013.,41 jos

va f/C a d50 a 1/hb a 1/Ks

%LILLE.. calif sic 413} 1 4.i}.1.LB .r

0),C,A,N,Ncs,dsq,P„AVI),

? 54-°'

C.)-4 4143 Lfr)t-...All LU14 j,E}.11 i 0.i.).-41 :41-.a- 4.L.J

s ".L11.2). . (Re* & Sp )

ei .9:11 _I (1411 -1 14i4

LA r pj_14 s A CLIL4....) 51A L31....61 cji iL.114

1141 or LA f j__.1341/1

1 i, ce

irare I 21 FXpenmantall V•10cily ./Pf509 Ve•loary due re Kss

vexp-V$$u•ss

-1:zr "(-- •c •

IF.07

144

6..614 4.1"..d. J.Irraf ( 'I )LiJl A 41+.631 Li..141.1cL?.111 ;i4A

n u i i 1 2 V nxp .

" Proposed Seml-Theoritical ParametersR - 2 - rh n3

145

).41 .3 ( 4 ) j..11.s.11 JAL11 t...11,)11 .443i 611 k

Straiir Rayne/do Nava Sh+Wida Pyrometer

row4rOS 1:10r. A,as

. More arifli IMPO 5.11ree

,n

▪

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71 .1 111 :._, ___ 7 .- i is, - 1 4,1,11 -'1.— -

, ____--....■..■.....

00 ES 0F1 001

0 00Shear riwymotda number flo•

000

9 rV frirsrti

TM, Prod liedod Oharscfrottects

Flow Va4eatty venua Partials Olemster I Kc scrim,

I 4

'v....yr_ rornF

:I -

Ks 2mm

1 2 -.s.7,R ,hro. 200mm n

1 1

0,9 -.-4 9

'150 Imm)

IOW OSP699S9EI

—____,..4 Lo u

----..1■

zu• LEN,,

-rS00

- -• ...1••■•. oul •4.

aosbuosta spored seisms puotpaso afpnama.4441:6.1

-— —- bU

SOfpli4.0•4:3•114/3 0013011V poiroduk)am.

tuouoi U

0:17.,0•.o100.OS kOUt0'...U0-0y.Ou .U

- • --

WWI =OSP z °ropy Y Ewo• I ...Seohi I w 1...c -•x

omfir►.osot;

T _ .101•41M10 /*MOE 'MUSA A.14001•A MOU

os.60.1.1•110608140 i•PolrY Potetadootd NJ1 1 oo

v+rl: litel nc71,17 • r-tr irriQirirrrive

loU

t 90 U

9P I

147

J.44 j ) ..111.11 )1 cLia 1

leer. r 7+ The Proposed Mods' Cherectertsdes

ants Concentration versus Flow Velocity

0..03nIrn, C.200open {dSO. iww

• - hbrO = 0.2

•

) R 10P0=0.3

hbiDe0.5

16 I -_ . _S L t no 150 200 250 100 -I50 100 ISO 300 350

C rppml

4

V Irntslii

1

•

148

apS JAI) ( 1 11.?..A.11 c14.1.11

Geometrical Relactonsnio

1.0

0.0

0.6

0 4

0.2

0.0

0.0 6 1.3

rt 131 0

Geometrtc31 Relationship

1.0

0.0

0.6

0.4 -

0.2 -

0.00.0 G.2 0.4 0.6

hb/0

0.0 1.0

149

jeaS _40,j 9 91 ) laBl 4.201 [142 Z1..)..4

Geometrical RelationArli ❑

ci

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.0

1.0

nb/D

5eometrIcal RelatIonsn10

ci

CI

1 .0

0.0 -

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.00 0 0.2 0.4 0.5

rib/D

0.121 1.0

150

J.A.S J.2.1t.11 larS1 1X11 .4411 LLIL.1-3SU 0142 .4.1.14t

.3eometrlcol Qelatlenshiu

1.0

0 0

J.5 1-

3

3.4 r

3. ❑

10.0

0. j 4

0 5 0 0

Geometrical Relat1onshso

A

_L0

0.0 0.2 0,4 0.6

hb/D

0.8 1 0