dme s-008-2009 – lecture: 12 design of med, med-tvc and mvc desalination plants september 29 th -...
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DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12
Design of MED, MED-TVC and MVC Desalination Design of MED, MED-TVC and MVC Desalination PlantsPlants
September 29September 29thth - 30 - 30thth, 2009, 2009
Duisburg, GermanyDuisburg, Germany
CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Massimo Moser, DLR Stuttgart
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Overview
• Water scarcity and future trends• Actual problems of desalination• Ways to sustainability: renewable energies• CSP• CSP-MED• CSP-MED / CSP-RO comparison• Conclusions
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Water scarcity
Source: IWMI 2006
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Water scarcity – Focus on MENA
Source: AQUA-CSP
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Actual situation & outlook – Focus on MENA
Unsustainable groundwater over-use!
Source: AQUA-CSP
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Actual situation & outlook
• Inhomogeneous distribution of water resources• Population growth• Raising industrial production
Growing demand vs constant resourcesWater crisis! Conflicts / Wars for water
Solutions?• Improving water use efficiency• Fixing international laws• Using non-traditional water sources (e.g. seawater)
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Problems of desalination
Environmental problems:• Water intake
• Greenhouse gases emissions• Brine discharge
Energetic problems:• High energy consumption• Availability of fossil fuel in the mid/long-term
These problems have to be solved!
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Matching of water deficits and solar resources
Source: NASA; DLR
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Parabolic trough
Source: Pilkington, DLR
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Linear Fresnel
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Solar Tower
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
CSP Technology comparison
Source: DLR
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Daily and yearly fluctuation of solar resources - 1
Note that the max efficiency does not match the max DNI
Tipical summer day
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4272 4274 4276 4278 4280 4282 4284 4286 4288 4290 4292 4294 4296
time [h]
DN
I [W
/m2]
0
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eta_
geo
, et
a_sf
[ -
]
DNI
eta_geo
eta_sf
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Daily and yearly fluctuation of solar resources - 2
Low sun elevation in winter causes large efficiency losses
Tipical winter day
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100
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400
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8496 8498 8500 8502 8504 8506 8508 8510 8512 8514 8516 8518 8520
time [h]
DN
I [W
/m2]
0
0,1
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1
eta_
geo
, et
a_sf
[ -
]
DNI
eta_geo
eta_sf
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Energy storage options: CSP vs other renewables
Molten salt (NaNO3 + KNO3) Concrete
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
CSP power plant
Source: AQUA-CSP
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Co-generation: CSP-MED
Source: F. Trieb
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Which Ts? The MED point of view…
Specific heat transfer area
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55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105
Ts [°C]
sA [
m2/(
kg/s
)]
sA (n=10)sA (n=8)sA (n=6)
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
…and the turbine point of view
Eta turbine as function of Ts
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0,05
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30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Ts [°C]
eta
tu
rb [
-]
eta turb
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Comparison with the „competitor“
Source: AQUA-CSP
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Conclusions
• CSP-MED is a very promising option for a sustainable desalination
• The option of heat storage allows to damp the problem of the fluctuating solar irradiation and consents an almost-constant operation of the MED plant
• This solution will be probably particularly suitable for the East-Mediterranean Sea and the Gulf, due to economic considerations
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
For more informations:
• AQUA-CSP, a study of the DLR Stuttgart, 2007www.dlr.de/tt/aqua-csp
• MED-CSD project (ongoing)www.med-csd-ec.eu/eng/
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
Thank you for your attention!
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Massimo MoserDLR
DME S-008-2009 – Lecture: 12CSP-MED: an option for sustainable desalination
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