dli japanese headstart modules 1-5

8/12/2019 DLI Japanese Headstart Modules 1-5

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J P NESEHE DST RT

MODULES 1-5


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The Japanese words tha t appear in th i s t ex t are writ tenaccording to the Hepburn System of romanization of Japanese.Pronunciat ion of most of the l e t te r s presents no di f f icu l ty toan American. Those l e t te r s or combinations of l e t te r s con-sidered d i f f i cu l t to pronounce wi I I be explained in the Vocabu-lary Section of the modules. You may have di f f icu l ty with thefollowing:I. When the le t te r n is the las t le t te r in a word, i t maysound somewhat I ike the ng in sing.2. When double le t te rs appear in a Japanese word, the soundis repeated. Think of double l e t te r s as having a hyphen betweenthem and pronounce both le t te rs dis t inc t ly .3. The l e t te r s marked with a bar , a e i and 0 are pro-nounced longer than ones without a bar.4. When and u are writ ten with a s lash mark through them,they are s lurred or barely pronounced.5. The l e t t e r in the middle of a word is pronounced I ike


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ONTENTS

MODULE ONE CULTURAL BACKGROUND . . .. .. . . . ...An Island NationThe Climate ......................................The Government ........................ ............ .Too Crowded for Comfort?Some Ways to Show Courtesy

..........................Invitat ions .....................................How to Be a Good GuestFoods

..............................Conversations You Might Get Into ....................What the Japanese Do for Fun ........................

567

I57

238

30


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MODULES 1 5 CONTENTS

Part 5 DialoguesPart 6 Sel f evalua t ion QuizPart 7 Review and RemediationPart 8. Supplementary Self evaluat ion QuizPart 9. Additional Vocabulary

MODULE THREE: DIRECTIONSPart I . ObjectivesPart 2. VocabularyPart 3. NotesPart 4. Fluency Dri l sPart 5. DialoguesPart 6. Self evaluat ion QuizPart 7. Review and RemediationPart 8. Supplementary Self evaluat ion QuizPart 9. Additional Vocabulary

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74747578799

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MODULES 1 5 CONTENTS

MODULE FIVE: SHOPPING ND REPAIRS 39Par t I . Objec t i ves 39Part 2. Vocabulary 42Part 3. Notes 45Par t 4. Fluency D r i l l s 47Par t 5. Dialogues 58Par t 6. Sel f eva lua t ion Quiz 69Par t 7. Review and Remediation 72Par t 8. Supplementary Se l f e va lua t ion Quiz 73Par t 9. Addi t iona l Vocabulary 74


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J P N~ I n t e r n a t l o n a l boundary

National capitalRailroadRoad

50 100 150 M~ - 5 ~ ~ ~ ~ 6 0 - - 1 5 r l ~ - - K - o - m ~ : t e s

HEJU DO

SE OF f 4 V

P CIFICOCE N


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MODULECULTUR L B CKGROUND

N ISL ND N TIONThe Japanese cal I the i r country Nihon or Nippon. The twonames are interchangeable. Both mean, l i t e ra l ly , source ofthe sun.Because Japan I ies to the eas t of the Asian mainland, tomany Asians the sun seemed to r i se each morning from Japan.They, too, accepted Japan as the land of the r is ing sun.Into modern times the sun motif has remained a favor i tedesign among the Japanese, and the national flag is thehinomapu or sun f lag.Japan has four ma i n is lands, p Ius severa I hundred sma IIis Iands tha t dot the coast l ines. Of the four ma i n is lands,the largest is Honshu, followed in size by Hokkaido, Kyushu,and Shikoku.The fact tha t Japan is an island nation is s ign i f i can t inany considerat ion of her past , present , or future.Japan has had a well-kni t , highly organized society formany centur ies . uch of the land area on each of the Japaneseislands is rugged and mountainous, and th i s probably kept theearl ies t inhabi tants separated into smal I groups. But hIsto-


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CULTUR L B CKGROUND N ISL ND N TION

to the great centers of Asian civi I izat ion. There they couldlearn f i rs thand about new developments in science and the ar t sfrom the Chinese and Koreans, for example. At one point , Japanis only about 125 mi les from Korea.The Japanese of earl ier centur ies , l ike thei r descendantstoday, showed an eagerness to learn from other countr ies and

to borrow ideas and methods from other peoples if theseseemed workable in Japan.Some have cal led Japan a nation of borrowers, but theterm can be misleading. Historians note that the Japanesewere never mere copyists . Almost al I borrowing by theJapanese was (and s t i II is) a very careful process. TheJapanese re jected much from other cul tures tha t they judgedunworkable for themselves.Too, whenever a foreign idea or method was introduced intoJapan, the Japanese invar iably adapted i t to the i r own use,often improving in some way on the or ig ina l . Using many for-eign ideas and methods, the Japanese have almost always arrivedat thei r own (often ingenious) ways of doing th ings .Beginning in the la t te r half of the 19th century, theJapanese learned primari Iy from industr ial nations of the Westin much the same way they had learned from neighboring Asiannations. s a resu l t , Japan was the f i r s t Asian country tobecome an industr ial power.


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CULTUR L B CKGROUND N ISL ND N TION

s tudied by the people of many nat ions. Durable qual i ty pro-ducts made in Japan are purchased in al I parts of the worldand great ly affec t world economy. Japanese ar t s influencea r t i s t s on al I cont inents . Japanese sc ien t i s t s contr ibuteheavi Iy to worldwide research. Many people bel ieve the wayJapan adjus t s to current problems wi I I help much of the res tof the world solve problems of the 21st century.
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:%E6%97%A5%E7%94%A3%E6%9C%AC%E7%A4%BE.jpg


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THE CLIM TE

Japan is about as far north of the equator as the continenta l United s ta tes and has a similar cl imate .Hokkaido, Japan s northernmost i s land, has cold winterswith much snow. Cold t e m p ~ r t u r e s las t for about four monthseach year, but because of the ocean winds, temperatures seldomdrop below zero degrees (Farenheit) .The cl imate is milder in centra l Japan, which includesHonshu and the northern parts of Kyushu and Shikoku. The lowertwo-thirds of th is region, especia l ly on the side facrng thePacif ic receives summer monsoon winds, which bring fa i r ly

heavy ra infa l l . Winters are usually mi Id and sunny.The southernmost parts of Kyushu and Shikoku are the warm-es t regions of Japan. Here the winters are mi Idest (al thoughsome snowfall occurs) and the summers are warm and humid.


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TH GOV RNM NT

Japan has a pari iamentary government. The na t ion s cons t i tu t ion gives the grea tes t power to the national legis la t ivebody, the Diet (the Japanese term for th is body is kokkai .Like the U.S. Congress, the Diet is made up of two houses.Japan is divided into electoral di s t r i c t s , each of which sendsrepresenta t ives to Japan s House of Representatives shugi in) .Japan is also divided into 6 prefectures , each of which sendsrepresentat ives to Japan s House of Counci lors sangi in) .Addit ional members of the House of Counci lors are electedfrom the nation a t large.

The adminis t ra t ive branch of Japan s national governmentis headed by a prime minister sor i -da i j in ) , who is a memberof the House of Representat ives and elected by i t accordingto party loyal ty.

Like the U.S. Consti tut ion, the const i tut ion of Japancontains a bi II of r ights guaranteeing personal freedoms,including freedom of speech, assembly, the press , and rei igion.The Japanese const i tut ion renounces war as a w y to solve

internat ional disagreements and I imits Japan s mi I i tary estabI ishment to self-defense forces. Also, according to the cons t i tu t ion , Japan s emperor is merely a symbol of s ta te whoowes his posi t ion to the wi II of the people.


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TOO CROWDED FOR COMFORT

Firs t - t ime vis i to rs to Japanese c i t i e s and resor ts oftenthink they have arr ived a t the height of the Japanese t ou r i s tseason, because of the crowds they encounter . But throngs ofJapanese packed into publ ic places are an inescapable fac t ofeveryday I i fe in modern Japan. The nation is crowded.

One of the most awesome experiences of the crush of heavypopulat ion to be found anywhere in the world awaits the t rave ler who boards publ ic t ransporta t ion in Tokyo during the rushhours.The Japanese themselves find crowded I iving condit ions

often uncomfortable and sometimes oppressive, but they areresourceful in deal ing with the problems.Some of the ways the Japanese have adapted to the physical and mental s t resses of crowding can be seen as purelyprac t ica l .For example, golf has become popular in recent years inJapan, and many Japanese share a passion for the game. How-

ever, in and around Japan s urban areas there is I i t t l e roomfor the spraw l ing go I f l inks tha t go I fers in other parts ofthe world often take for granted. Of the complete 18-holecourses tha t exis t in Japan, most are control led by exclusive


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Japanese subways and t ra ins are e f f i c i en t and prompt but canbe extremely crowded during rush hours.

Tokyo Rail Station Image: Zaida MontaanaDate: 18 December 2005cc-by-sa-3.0
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TokyoStation.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TokyoStation.JPGhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TokyoStation.JPGhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.enhttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sumida_river05s3200.jpghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:TokyoStation.JPGhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en


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CULTURAL BACKGROUND TOO ROWDED FOR COMFORT

However, not al I space-conservIng measures in Japan aremodern innovations. Many things the Japanese do to save spaceoriginated centur ies ago when Japan was a far less crowdednation.For example, Japanese farmers have for centur ies beenmasters a t gett ing the most use out of avai lable land space.If you t ravel through the Japanese countryside, you can seetha t prac t ica l ly every square inch of possible farmland iscul t iva ted. Many of the terraced f ie lds that have been cutinto hi I Isides to create addi t ional growing space date backhundreds of years.Some t radi t ional Japanese ar t s signi f icant ly help modernJapanese to adjust to crowded I iving condi t ions, since miniatur iza t ion and economy of space are important in Japanese

aes the t ics .Bonsai, for example, is the Japanese ar t of miniaturizat ion of t rees to the s ize of ordinary potted plants . Sometimes,using bonsai and arrangements of stones, gravel , smal I ponds,plants and shrubbery, Japanese gardeners can crea te within theconfines of a smal I backyard, a representat ion of a great landscape which car r i es with i t the comfort ing i l lus ion of vastnessand distance.Other t radi t ional Japanese ar t s and ways of I i fe may notsave space di rec t ly but the Japanese make the mental andemotional adjustments tha t help them thr ive in the i r crowded


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CULTURAL BACKGROUND TOO CROWDED FOR COMFORT

enjoy these enter tainments obviously untroubled by what to someforeign vis i to rs are dis t rac t ions onstage which are a t f i r s td i f f i cu l t to ignore.According to some observers, the nature of t radi t ionalJapanese homel i fe also helps explain the Japahese abi i ty toignore many dis t rac t ions .Much Japanese housing remains wholly or part ly t radi t ionalin s ty le with the iving space within houses and apartmentsdivided into rooms mainly by s l id ing wal l panels sho j i ) madeby s t re tch i ng parchment-I ike paper shoj i -gami) over woodframes. Such households, with i t e ra l ly paper walls , providefew oppor tuni t ies for the kind of privacy avai lable n Westerns tyle homes. n spi te of (or perhaps because of) th i s lack ofWestern-style privacy in Japanese homes, the Japanese did not

become a nation of eavesdroppers. On the contrary, they seemto have evolved instead a social t rad i t ion of disregarding ortuning out the conversat ions of others even when these couldbe easi y overheard.
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SOME W YS TO SHOW COURTESY

The Japanese prac t ice many formal i t i e s and observe manyru Ies of e t i quette among themse Ives, but genera y they do notexpect foreign vis i to rs to understand many of the i r customs andways of doing things.

s a ru le a g i j in (foreigner) can impress the Japaneseby being pol i te and reserved in his or her behavior. f theysee these qual i t i e s in a foreign v is i to r most Japanese wiquickly excuse social blunders or shortcomings.However, i t is precisely because the Japanese are wi II ingto accord you spec i a t reatment as a vis i tor that they wi be

impressed if you show you are in teres ted in doing some thingsthe Japanese wayYou probably could not master the in t r icacies of Japanesesocial customs and cour tes ies even if you spent many years inJapan.You can, however, make many Japanese fr iends and experience

the best of J apa nese hosp i ta i ty if you ma ke an ef for t tounderstand Japanese ways and pract ice a few of them yourse l f .The fo I low i ng notes may give you some ideas of th i ngs to


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CULTUR L B CKGROUND COURTESY

Gif ts . A Japanese may thank you upon receiving a g i f t orfavor from you jus t as people do in the United Sta tes . Whatis di f fe ren t is tha t , in keeping with Japanese custom, heremembers the occasion unti I the next t ime you meet--days,weeks, or months l a te r - -and expresses his appreciat ion ful lyagain.If you receive a g i f t or favor from a Japanese, you shouldthank him as you would an American. However, if you canremember to say a sincere thank you a second t ime, at yournext meeting, the Japanese wi II appreciate both your thoughtfulness and your observance of Japanese custom.If you should present a g i f t to a Japanese, he wi I I probably put the gi f t aside and not discuss i t . Don't urge aJapanese to unwrap a gift-wrapped package whi Ie you look on.

The Japanese I ike to open g i f t s in priva te .Conversation. When a Japanese person is speaking to you,even i f you are conversing in Engl ish , you would do wei 1 to nodand say words of acknowledgment often . You wi II see how im-portant th i s is to the Japanese i f you watch them converseamong themselves. The pat tern of much Japanese conversationis one tha t Ii ngu i s t s ca II a conf i rmi ng pat tern . The Japan

ese often I ike to express obvious facts in only a tenta t iveway and many sentences are ended with the Japanese equivalentof i s n ' t i t? or don ' t you agree? Thus, when a Japanesespeaks, he is accustomed to get t i ng frequent nods and' react ions


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CULTUR L B CKGROUND COURTESY

American-style t ipping in Japan. The Japanese are especia l lyt roubled by t ips offered in an open, obvious, or showy manner,and in general are not comfortable even with t ips offeredquiet ly and discree t ly .Receiving Change. When making purchases in Japanese s toresyou may notice tha t Japanese clerks do not count change forcustomers in the way American clerks do. Japanese clerksusually count change as they remove i t from the cash reg i s t e rs .Then they hand the sum to the customer without bothering to gothrough the count again for the customer 's benef i t . Japanesecustomers make mental calcula t ions of the change they expect toreceive, then cast inconspicuous glances a t the money clerksre turn to make sure the amount is correc t . Giving and receivingchange in th i s manner resul ts from the Japanese disdain forf lashing money in publ ic places . Clerks do not mind if youcheck the i r accuracy by counting your change upon receiving i tbut avoid spreading bi J Is or coins across a counter top, forexample, or counting or otherwise handl ing your money in anyway tha t might invi te a t ten t ion .Privacy. Because Japan is a crowded country, and becauseo p po r tun i t i e s for p r i va c y for man y J a pan e s e a r i i mit ed, theJapanese reta i n a so l id app rec i a t i on for the p r i vacy tha t isavai lable to them, and for good manners when in trusions becomenecessary. mong the Japanese, foreign vis i to rs should alwaysbe on the i r best behavior where matters of privacy are concerned.Like the Japanese, they should make frequent use of the expression sumim sen ( excuse me ). They should always knock a tdoorways before enter i ng and a I ways avo i d i mpo l i t e I y i nter-


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See the Bank of Japan website:

http://www.boj.or.jp/en/note_tfjgs/note/valid/index.htm/
http://www.boj.or.jp/en/note_tfjgs/note/valid/index.htm/http://www.boj.or.jp/en/note_tfjgs/note/valid/index.htm/


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INVIT TIONS

I t is not real i s t i c to expect to be invi ted into a Japanesehome Such an inv i ta t ion may be extended to you during yourstay in Japan, but the odds are agains t i t . Many fore ignerswho have resided in Japan for years have never been ins ide thehomes of close Japanese f r iends .

This is not because of rudeness on the par t of the Japanese.Rather, most Japanese are uncomfortable with the thought ofusing the i r homes as places to en te r t a in gues ts .Some say a reason for th i s is tha t even more than otherpeoples around the world, the Japanese I ike to th ink of the i r

homes as informal places to re lax from the tension and formal i tyof the i r socia l and working I ives . The Japanese genera l ly seemre luctant to think of t he i r homes as something other than persona I or fam i I Y preserves .Most Japanese homes are compact, and many householderse s p e cia I I Y tho sew i t h sma I I c h i I d r en may con s id e r the i rhomes too smal I and crowded for the kind of enter ta in ing theywould I ike to of fe r .Also, since enter ta in ing guests very often includes servinga meal, many Japanese feel tha t res taurants are be t te r placesto enter ta in than t he i r homes. One Japanese notion of hospi


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CULTUR L B CKGROUND INVIT TIONS

a Japanese host may not say so an invi ta t ion tha t he extendsmight not apply to the wife of the individual whom he is in-vi t ing American men whose wives are with them in Japan shouldcheck with hosts before accepting inv i ta t ionsAlso an American in Japan should be spec if ic in any invi-t a t ions he might extend to Japanese. If you expect a Japanese

to bring his wife to a dinner or party be sure you have madeth i s c lear to him. ome Japanese men and the i r wives are un-accustomed to at tending dinners and par t ies toge ther and bothhusband and wife might be uncomfortable if you ins i s t tha t theydo so.
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HOW TO BE GOO GUEST

You may not receive an inv i ta t ion to enter a private res i dence during your s tay in Japan but the fol lowing notes canhelp you to be the kind of guest with whom the Japanese wi I Ibe comfortable whether you are vis i t ing them a t home or e lse where.

Removing Shoes. Remember tha t the Japanese do not approveof the wearing of shoes in some indoor se t t ings . Most notablythey are offended by the thought of shoes worn inside the i rhomes a prac t ice tha t most Japanese associa te with the t racking in of d i r t dust grime and mud from outdoors . The Japanese remove the i r shoes upon entering a residence of ten a t asmall alcove cal led a genkan

The pract ice of removing shoes before entering extends tosome other places besides pr iva te residences such as somet rad i t iona l -s ty le res taurants . So whenever invi ted out besure to note upon arrival whether guests have removed the i rshoes and be prepared to remove yours.Bathing. I t is possible tha t if you v i s i t a Japanese home

your host might extend to you an invi ta t ion to bathe. You shouldnot take th i s as a comment on any suspected lack of cleanl inesson your part . Bathing to the Japanese can be an opportunityto relax as much as to get clean. Offering a guest a refreshing


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CULTUR L B CKGROUND OW TO BE GOOD GUEST

Here are some notes that can help make you a good dinnerguest in Japan.Rice. Never underestimate the signif icance that r ice canhave-rDr the Japanese. Of al I foods consumed in Japan, r iceis the most basic .Gohan is the Japanese name for pla in steamed r ice tha tis ready to be eaten (the Japanese have other names for uncooked r i ce for the r ice plant i t se l f and for other r icedishes) . Long-grained white r ice is the variety most favoredby the Japanese for making gohan, and every Japanese acquiresa refined sense of t as te for gohan cooked to jus t the r ightsoftness and texture . To many Japanese a mea l s hard I y com-plete without a t leas t one steaming bowl of gohan, and i t isso essent ia l to Japanese eat ing habi ts that the word is some

t imes used to mean food in general .n indicat ion of the s igni f icance of gohan is to be notedin the fac t that the Japanese words for breakfast , I unch, andsupper are each formed from combinations of the word formorn i ng asa), noon hiru), or even i ng yugata), and theword gohan. Breakfast is asa-gohan (often shortened to asahan),lunch is hiru-gohan (or hiruhan), and supper is yu-gohan (oryuhan)

One popular box lunch sold in Japan consis ts of nothingmore than an individual portion of gohan served in a shallowrectangular t ray with a bright red plum placed in the center .


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You def in i te ly should not announce a dis tas te for r icewhen a bowl of i t is being passed your way.True, most Japanese can accept tha t foreigners have t as tesdif ferent from the i r s . But to the Japanese, not I iking r iceis unusual indeed. To add to the strangeness of th i s by say-i ng outr i ght tha t one does not l ike r i ce espec i a I I Y when i tis being served during a meal, can be regarded as astonishingly

rude.There is one blunder tha t foreigners sometimes commit whendining with Japanese tha t can t rouble the i r hosts even morethan refusing r ice and tha t is accepting a serving of r iceand then asking for the wrong thing to put on i t .Butter or sugar, for example, is commonly added to steamedr ice when i t is served in Western count r ies but the Japanese,

I ike many other Asians, f ind the combination of e i ther of thesewith r ice to be almost sickening.You wou I d do we I I to add noth i ng a t a I I to r ice tha t isserved to you by Japanese hosts unless i t is something younotice your hosts adding to the i r s . Many Japanese are apt tobe si lent ly disturbed even if more than a few drops of soysauce shoyu), probably the most favored condiment in Japanesedining, is sprinkled upon a serving of gohan.Port ions. I t is the Japanese way to serve a meal usingsevera I sma I I pla tes and bow I s for each diner , ra ther thanheaping servings of di f fe ren t foods on a s ingle pla te as in


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In Japanese, ois i i means tas ty or del iclous, and theword is often repeated around a table several t imes by wellmannered guests a t a Japanese meal.Appearance of food. No people in the world are more concerned than the Japanese about arranging foods to be appetizingand colorful on a pla te . I t is sometimes remarked tha t theJapanese eat with the I r eyes as we I I as with the i r mouths.Almost always the Japanese make a special ef for t to make foodslook good to guests .

comp I iment, therefore , about the appearance of a servingof food before i t is eaten can hardly fai I to appeal toJapanese sens i t iv i t i e s .Chopsticks. Silverware is usually avai lable in Japaneserestaurants and in many Japanese homes if you request i t , butfor eat ing Japanese-style meals the Japanese use hashi (chops t icks) . You can learn to use hashi expert ly with only aI i t t l e prac t ice .For Japanese-sty I e mea Is, the Japanese genera I I Y need noother utensi Is, since such foods are always cut into bi te -s izemorsels by the person who prepares them.When using hashi, bi te -s i ze items should be raised fromthe pla te to the mouth, but the best way to tackle a bowl ofgohan is to pick up the bowl from the table . Hold the bowlnear your mouth with one hand and use your chopsticks with


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CULTUR L B CKGROUND OW TO BE A GOOD GUEST

Att i tudes toward drinking. Alcohol ic drinks, especia l lybeer and s ke (Japanese r ice wine), are popular with Japanese-s tyle meals. If you are invited to drink when being served ameal or on any other occasion, some knowledge of Japanese a t t i -tudes toward drinking may be helpful .mong men an invi ta t ion to drink s ke or any other drinkis not an offer to refuse casual ly. Many Japanese can beoffended by refusals of such invi ta t ions, al though they arenot apt to say so. Drinking and relaxed social izing are close-ly l inked, in the minds of many Japanese men and a refusalto drink without some good excuse can be interpreted as areject ion of the i r company.

The hos t s suggest i on. n Amer i can host may typ i ca I I Y aska guest to name the kind of drink he might prefer , and beprepared to serve or mix any of several kinds of drinks. AJapanese host, however, is more apt to suggest something speci-f ic that he would I ike to serve to you.

Whether a hos t s suggestion is to drink s ke or somethinge lse , you should regard the offer as something more than a meresuggestion, and you should not announce a preference for someother drink.Refi l Is . If you are being served any alcohol ic drink,including beer, allow your host to pour your drink for you andalso to ref i l l your gla ss. mong Japanese i t is general lyunderstood that a good host wi I I be a t t en t ive to the cups and


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On the other hand despi te the discipl ined way they generally go about the serving of dr inks many Japanese do enjoy heavydrinking as nat ional s t t i s t i c s on alcohol consumption reveal .Women in Japan are expected to refr in from drinking intoxica t ing amounts but i t is widely accepted in Japan th t

men are f ree to seek re Iease from the tens ions of everyday l i feby drinking heavi Iy. Probably more so than most Americans~ s t Japanese can accept with understanding the behavior ofmen who are drunk in publ ic.
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FOO S

If you are unfami I iar with Japanese foods you shouldsample the dishes and styles of cooking for which Japan isworld famous. Simple t h r i f t might be one in i t ia l reason foryou to do so.ome American tour i s t s re turn from Japan with t a les ofoutrageous res taurant prices. The cost of dining out canindeed be high in Japan but many Americans go wrong by diningon steak and other favori te American foods during the i r stayand do not consider the possible scarci ty of such foods InJapan.

Knowing how to dine inexpensively in Japan begins withknowing some basic facts about Japanese eat ing habi ts .You should know for example that the people of Japan re lyheavi l yon seafood as a source of protein. The Japanese havealways had easy access to the sea and they lack abundant grassland for grazing animals. Beef p r ~ and other meats have notbeen as important to the average Japanese as to the averageAmerican and t rad i t iona l ly meals with meat were served only

on special occasions in Japan.The Japanese depend a great deal on r ice; potatoes andsome of the Western array of foodstuffs made from wheat f lour


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CULTUR L B CKGROUND FOODS

Apart from the food a t fast -food restaurants and a t someAmerican-style coffee shops ktssa-ten) , American fare in Japancan be extremely expensive. For tha t matter, most of theinternat ional restaurants of Japan, which special ize, forexample, in the foods of France, I ta ly or Mexico, while notexact ly hard to f ind in the larger c i t i e s of Japan, are alsoqui te expensive. Some Chinese res taurants in Japan are except ions. Many of these are qui te expensive, but many othersare not, since Chinese food is qui te popular among the commonpeople of Japan.

I t is t rue that the Japanese themselves pay heavi Iy forsome of the exot ic spec ia l t i es of Japanese cooking served a tf i r s t -c la s s res tcurants . And as in the United Sta tes someres taurants in Japan can be very expensive simply because ofthe luxurious surroundings tha t they offer to diners .n ent i re category of luxurious res taurants bars , andother places of enter tainment in Japan is priced far beyondthe range of ord i nary wage earners, and rea II y exi s t s on I y forcl ients with expense accounts or some other source of nearlyunl imited spending power. Some Japanese businessmen wield. expense accounts that would boggle the minds of the i r counterparts in other countr ies . Some of the most generous expenseaccounts to be found anywhere in the world are part of the

salary s t ruc ture for managerial posi t ions in Japanese businessand industry , and those who have them are famous for makingful I use of them to enter ta in business associa tes and guestsin lavish s ty le unmindful of the cos ts .


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kinds of seafood, and sometimes chicken, are also used. Deepf r ied along with these are mushrooms, chunks of onions, chunksof sweet potatoes, and sl ices of peppers and other vegetables .Domburi l i t e ra I I Y means bow I , but when a Japanese orderstanin-domburi or oyako-domburi, he is asking for a bowl of gohantopped with an omelettel ike mixture of cooked egg, meat, andvegetables . Tanin-domburi is topped with a b e e f a ~ d e g g mixture ( ingredients considered unre la ted , the I i t e ra l meaningof tanin ; oyako-domburi is topped with an egg-and-chicken mixture ( ingredients considered parent and chi ld ) . Other kindsof domburi are tendon ( f r ied shrimp on r ice) and katsudon (porkcut le t on r i ce) .The Japanese I ike marinated meats cut in th in sl ices .Teriyaki is marinated beef; y k j tor i is marinated chicken.These are often skewered and roasted and then served on s t i ckssix or eight inches long.Udon and soba are names for two popular types of longnoodles which are general ly served hot in a th in broth withbi ts of meat and vegetables and seasoning. Udon is noodlesmade from wheat f lour ; soba i s darker-colored noodles madefrom buckwheat f lour . A large bowl of udon or soba is a convenient , inexpensive, and therefore popular lunch in Japan.S ~ s h i can be any of a var ie ty of bi te - s ize por t ions ofpressed go han to which bi t s of seafood or pickled vegetableshave been added. Sushi is served cold. A few drops of mi Id


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ably priced shops which special ize in preparing them, usuallyto the exclusion of other menu i tems. In Japanese, ya addedto the end of a word can mean store or shop, and when i tis added to names for foods such as soba, yaki tori , or s ~ s isoba-ya, yaki tor i -ya sushi-ya) , the new word in each casemeans a shop that spec i a Ii zes in prepari ng tha t food.At one time i t was the Japanese way to dine only on lowtables raised I i t t l e more than a foot from the f loor , withdiners seated on f loor cushions zabuton). Woven straw matstatami) covered the f loors of most rooms in Japanese houses,including rooms used for dining.Some Japanese retain t radi t ional furnishings for dining athome but increasingly in modern Japan the use of Western-styletables and chai rs seems to be considered more convenient.

mong res taurants only the more expensive ones, notably thet radi t ional countryside inns ryokan), are apt to s t r ive toprovide al I furnishings and decor associated with t radi t ionalJapanese dining. Most shokudo and special ty shops are outf i t t ed much I ike American res taurants with t ab les chairs, andcounters .With almost any food the Japanese serve hot tea o-aha).Both sof t drinks and mi Ik are consumed in Japan, especial ly by

young people, but they general ly do not complement t radi t ionaldishes, in the Japanese view.mong adul ts cold beer or warmed sake is popular with most


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Many Japanese do not seem especia l ly in teres ted in desserts asa f inish to a meal cons is t ing of Western-s tyle foods and seemto think tha t such desser ts as pie or ice cream are rea l lybet te r as between-meal snacks.

Two young guests a t a Japanese inn enjoying the i r dinner whichis served in the i r room. The kimono they are wearing is furnished by the inn.

Image: Tomo/shishamo72Date: 29 August 2009cc-by-2.0
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CONVERS TIONS YOU MIGHT GET INTOBecause you speak Engl ish, some Japanese might regard youas a loarning resource. Engl ish is by far the most popularforeign language s tudied in Japan, and many Japanese beginstudying Engl ish in junior high school and continue studyingi t in univers i t i es . Other Japanese enrol I in pr iva te languageschools tha t special ize in Engl ish , and in Japanese magazines

you can see advert isements for home-study courses in Engl ishconversat ion.Don't be surpr ised i f a Japanese introduces himself to youon the s t ree t and asks i f he may pract ice the Engl ish he haslearner . This happens frequently to Americans in Japan, andsome Japanese have been known to offer Americans the i r servicesas on-the-spot tour guides around Japanese c i t i e s in exchangefor the opportunity to sharpen the i r English-speaking ski I Is .Except perhaps when they want to pracfice the i r Engl ish,most Japanese probab I y wi I I be very interested in any ef for ton your par t to use the i r language. They will gladly help youin your at tempts and encourage you with compl iments.In fac t , some Americans f ind Japanese praise of the i r language abi I i t ie s a bi t overwhelming. Some Japanese may be sohappi Iy surpr ised to hear you speak Japanese tha t they wi I Imake a great fuss about your language ski l i s , however l imitedthey may be.


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WH T THE J P NESE DO FOR FUN

American influence on Japanese ways of I i fe has been veryst rong. n American in Japan can hardly fai I to notice tha tthe Japanese enjoy themselves by doing many of the same thingsAmericans do. Mi II ions of Japanese seem to l ike American popu-lar music, t e lev i s ion shows, and movies ful ly as much as simi larJapanese enter ta i nment. Like Americans, mi II ions of Japaneselove basebal Ii they spend summers preoccupied with Li t t leLeague games and with the ups and downs of the i r favori te pro-fessional teams and players .However, a Japanese who enjoys these things may also enjoypar t ic ipa t ing in Japanese fes t iva l s of ancient or igin, and

may enjoy pract icing or appreciat ing ar t s and craf t s deeplyrooted in Japanese t rad i t ion . The same Japanese may also en-joy such past imes as photography and golf , which are very popu-lar in modern Japan, and he may I ike to frequent paahinko par-lors , playing the ver t ica l pinball machine game which mt II ionsof Japanese enjoy.s in few other countr ies , I i fe in modern Japan combinesthe very old with the very new and foreign influences with

t rad i t ion . No one can get to know the Japanese very wei I with-out knowing about the i r diversi ty , and some ins ights can comefrom knowing how they have fun.


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CULTURAL BACKGROUND FUN

umo is a t radi t ional Japanese wrestl ing contest that seemsto a t t rac t vi r tua l ly no in te res t outside Japan, but amongJapanese the sport fo II ows close I y af te r baseba I l n specta torpopulari ty.umo wrest lers t ra in to achieve great body proport ions andweight in addi t ion to s t rength . After ceremonious int roduct ions,man-to-man grappl ing takes place in a small c i rcu lar r ing.

Japan s networks t e l ev i se sumo year-round a t regular in ter-vals , covering six major sumo tournaments, each held annuallyin a different region of Japan and each las t ing 5 days.Japanese masters teach martial ar t s such as judo karateand aikido to the world. Many Japanese enjoy watching andpract ic ing these very disc ipl ined, t radi t ional forms of unarmedself-defense.On the other hand, to judge from the number of t e lecas t s ,the Japanese also enjoy watChing brawls known as kick-boxingcontests, in which combatants use the i r feet for kicking aswe I I as gloved f i s t s for punch i ng. The Japanese seem to havelearned th i s sport by see ing i t pract iced in Thailand.The Japanese have accepted the game of vo I Ieyba I I as a

spectator sport in ways yet to be equa II ed by sports fans inthe Un i ted States and in other countr Ies. When Japanese vo I Ieyba I I teams t rave I ab road, they se Idom f ind worthy compet i t ionanywhere.


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CULTUR L B CKGROUND UN

Notable Japanese addi t ions to ski lodge amenitIes arenearby hot spr ings for bathing. Onsen is the Japanese wordfor natural warm-water springs which exi s t in large numbersnot only in the mountains but also throughout the i s lands.Bui Iding ski lodges near onsen, so tha t skiers can convenientlyrelax warm themselves and recover from fa t igue in t radi t ionalJapanese fashion is an example of how the Japanese can happi Iycombine foreign ideas with the i r own and achieve unique resul t s .The actual number of onsen in Japan is est imated a t about13 000 a I though not a II of them are of temperatures su I tab Iefor bathing.Many onsen, however are of temperatures that could hardlybe more ideal for bathing and the waters of several hundredof them have high minerai content reputed to be of health valueto those who regularly immerse themselves in them. Thereforeboth the good clean fun of bathing and the supposed curat ivepropert ies a t t rac t many Japanese to onsen, and resor t townscal led onsen maahi have grown up around some major hot springlocat ions to accommodate the vis i to rs who flock to them.Bathing. The Japanese place a high value on personalcleanl iness but the fact tha t bathing amounts to something ofa national pastime in Japan does not resu l t from concern aboutmere clean I i ness. I n a bath o- furo) , most Japanese seek a I sore laxat ion and warming rei ief from the chi I I of winter or theswelter ing heat of summer. Sometimes in public bathing Ben to ) ,a bath provides an opportunity for soc ia l iz ing.


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CULTUR L B CKGROUND FUN

aff luent Japanese today seem less wi I I ing than the Japanese ofa few generations ago to I ive in homes without pr ivate baths.Some good publ ic bathhouses remain in business today, however.At bathhouses, separate faci I i t l e s are used by men and womenAfter scrubbing and r ins ing, patrons soak together in a largebath which may equal a swimming pool in size . Bathhousepatrons are almost al I regular customers.Other le isure-t ime ac t iv i t i e s . The Japanese watch a lotof t e lev i s ion and many homes have two or more se t s includinga t least one color set . Even an American who understands l i t t l eor no Japanese can f ind Japanese te levis ion fasc ina t ing. Forone thing, Japanese te lecas t ing is remarkably sharp and c l ea rand the visual experience alone is in terest ing. Also of in ter-est are the several American t e lev i s ion ser i es tha t are broadcast in Japan af te r having been dubbed into Japanese. Some ofthese are qui te popular in Japan, among Japanese in al l walksof I i fe . For example, during a 1975 v i s i t to the United Sta tesJapan s emperor reportedly expressed a special in te res t inmeeting the actor who portrayed his favor i te pol ice detect ivehero in an American te levis ion ser i es .To an American, Japanese comedy, drama and adventure ser iesquiz shows, and commercial advert ising may have a fami I iar look,brought about by American influence on Japanese t e lev i s ion en

tertainment. But many in te res t ing differences a lso ex i s tmaking Japanese te levis ion a unique hybrid.Also, an American interested in the Japanese language can


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CULTUR L B CKGROUND UN

You wi probably not ice during your s tay tha t the Japaneseike to pose for group photographs. Often a s t ranger is ap-proached and asked if he wi kindly use a member s camera tophotograph a group of f r iendss wi ing as the Japanese often are to pose, many aret roubled by photographers who at tempt candid shots, and regardsuch at tempts as infringements on the i r privacy.
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E RTHQU KES

True to popular bel ief earthquakes j i s h in ) do occur oftenin Japan. However, a vis i to r is not ikely to experience asevere one. n the course of a year a dozen or so quakes maybe serious enough to r a t t l e household or of f ice furnishings,but even these are more ikely to occur in the countryside thanin the urban areas where most people ive. City residents alsohave the assurance that major cons t ruct ion in Japan s urbanareas has for the past several years been carr ied out accordingto some of the world s f inest ear thquake-proof ing technology.More s ta r t l ing to some Americans than an earthquake i t se l fis the Japanese reaction when a tremor is f e l t . any Japanesepromptly evacuate rooms, stand between doorjambs or duck underdesks or tables in a ref lex ive reaction to what might happenin a severe quake. any Japanese are t rained from chi Idhoodto take such precautions, and although they may appear panicstr icken to Americans, they are rea l ly react ing only out ofhabi t .Obtain spec if ic recommendations about what to do in theevent of an earthquake both a t your place of work and in your

iving quarters . Don t be fazed by the react ions of others i fan earthquake should occur.


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TR VEL WITHIN J P N

Japan has impressive s t re tches of superhighway, and manyJapanese own private automobiles. Most, however, rely on publ ict ranspor ta t ion. With gasol ine and other petroleum productspriced three or more t imes as high as in the United s ta tes ,most Japanese cannot afford to operate private automobiles,even though mass production of well-made, fue l -e f f ic ien t carsis a major Japanese industry.J a pan e s e pub I i c t ran s p r t a t ion i s fa mo u s for i t s e f f i c i en c y World-famous bul le t t ra ins connect some major populationcenters . They are recognized as the world s fas tes t passengert ra ins , reaching speeds of up to 130 miles per hour. Othert ra ins make rai I t ravel possible to pract ical ly all parts ofJapan and also of fe r courteous service and comfort. Interurbant ra in , subway and bus service is general ly extensive in alls izable Japanese c i t i e s .Although publ ic t ranspor ta t ion is plent i ful in Japan, andruns dependably on schedule, commuter t ranspor ta t ion in thelarger c i t i e s can be extremely crowded during rush hours. Thet ra ins that I ink distant c i t i e s also can be qui te crowded duri ng Japanese ho I i days.Japanese workdays in most of f ices and fac tor ies begin andend a t about the same hours as in the United Sta tes , but com-


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HOLID YS ND FESTIV LS

The Japanese celebrate 2 national hoi idays each year. Aswith national hoi idays in the United s ta tes and elsewhere, inJapan these are days se t aside to honor persons or inst i tu t ionsor to commemorate events of great s ignificance in the I ife ofthe nation. Japanese government off i ces , schools , banks, andsome private businesses remain closed on national holidays.In addit ion to national hoi idays, the Japanese celebrate acalendar of matsuri fes t iva l s ) every year. These are notof f ic ia l ly sanctioned by the Japanese government as nationalevents . Almost al l matsuri began as regional celebrat ions , andremain so, with only a few celebrated throughout Japan. How-

ever , many matsuri are we I I known among a I I the peop I e of Japanand receive considerable national at tent ion. For local folk insome parts of Japan, an annua I matsuri can be the I ivel ies t ,most eagerly awaited,and most careful ly planned celebrat ion ofthe year.Japan 's national hoi idays and some important matsuri aregiven chronologically in the following l i s t ing .January 1-4. New Year 's Day (January I) is a nationalhoi iday, but f es t iv i t i e s las t through January 4. The Japaneseterm for the ent i re ho I i day i nterva l s s h ~ g a t s J i , and i t ran ksh i g h i n imp 0 r tan c e amon g ann u a I c e I e bra t ion s for a I I J a pan e s e


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CULTURAL BACKGROUND HOLIDAYS ND FESTIVALS

February 1-5. Snow Festival yuki-matsuri) in Sapporo.Since the beginning of th i s fes t iva l in the 19505, the peopleof th is principal ci ty of Hokkaido have every year been cons t ruc t ing elaborate snow and ice sculptures in the i r downtownOdori Park. Nowadays about 200 such sculptures are createdfor th i s fes t ival , some of them small and f inely deta i led,others massive. Colored I ighting ef fec t s are added duringevenings, and shows and events are staged.February II . National Foundation Day (a national hoi iday).Ca II ed kenkoku no hi in Japanese, th is day ce Iebrates thefounding of Japan by the legendary Emperor J immu in 660 B.C.March 3. Doll Fest iva l . The Japanese call th i s celebrat ion hina-matsur i . I t is held nationwide and is also known asGirls ' Day. I t is celebra ted with displays of ceremonialdolls (not toy dol l s ) , for which the Japanese word is hinaningyo. Many households display se ts of dol Is which depictJapan's emperor, empress, and imperial cour t . Hina-ningyo areoften fami Iy heirlooms. Par t ies are customari Iy given byyoung gi r l s on th i s day.March 2 or 22. Vernal Equinox Day (a national hoi iday).The time of the vernal equinox-- that time in spr ing when daysand nights become of exactly equal length-- is of rei igious

significance to some Japanese, reminding them of Q dividingI ine between I i fe in th i s world and the af te r l i fe . Graves arevis i ted and decorated on th i s day, and for some Japanese i t isa I so a day to ref Iect on the wonders of natu re , espec i a I I y


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CULTUR L B CKGROUND HOLID YS ND FESTIV LS

Augu s t 6-7. Kanto Fest i va l n k t a . A kanto is a bamboopole some 30 feet in length with crossbars from which colorfulpaper lanterns are hung. On fest iva I nights , bearers paradethrough the s t ree t s of th is c i ty in northern Honshu balancingkanto with as many as 50 I i t lanterns at tached. Music anddrums, including fes t ive taiko brass drums, also p l a y a partin the ce lebra t ions .September 15. Respect for the Aged Day (a nat i ona I ho I i day) A day se t aside to honor Japan's e lder ly . This has been anational holiday only since 1966, although respect for thee lder ly is a social value of long standing in Japan. TheJapanese name for th i s day is keipo no hi .September 23. Autumna I Equ i nox Day (a nat i ona I ho I i day) The Japanese name for th is hoi iday is shubun no hi . Like VernalEquinox Day in March, th i s holiday recognizes a time of yearwhen days and nights become of equal length. I t has the sameimpl icat ions as Vernal Equinox DayOctober 10. Hea Ith-Sports Day (a nat i ona I ho I Iday). TheJapanese name for th i s ho I i day is taiikJ1, no hi . I t is a day torecognize the importance of a th le t ics and physical f i tness inthe heal th of the nation.October 14-15. Roughhouse Fest ival mega kenka) inHlmeji. A mikoshi is a portable, but very heavy, shrine oftencarr ied in Japanese parades. In th i s fes t iva l teams ofmikoshi bearers push and jos t le each other along the s t reets


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CULTUR L B CKGROUND HOLID YS ND FESTIVALS

remains much the same in th i s combined Japanese version: thehonoring of laborers and of the commitment to hard work, plusgrat i tude for material blessings.December 25. Christmas. Chr is t i an i ty is not a dominantrel igion in Japan, but i t s influence is s trong. Most Japanese,however, enjoy Christmas as a gi f t -g iv ing occasion. For th i spurpose, the Japanese have adopted many of the customs of

Western countr ies to celebra te Christmas, including simi larhoi iday decorat ions and Christmas t rees . Many Japanese companies choose th i s time of year to award employees the secondof two annua I bonuses customar i I y pa i d to workers in Japan.Chrisimas shopping sprees have become as common in Japan as inthe United Sta tes .December 31. misoka means the Ias t grand day. TheJapanese end the year by concluding business t ransac t ions ,

pay n 9 deb t 5, and ex c han gin 9 yea r end g i f t 5 No 0 die s hop s areat the i r busies t , supplying the t radi t ional demand for noodlesto celebrate the end of the year. Many Japanese stay awakeunti I midnight to hear temple bel ls to l l 108 t imes, accordingto custom, and some go to shrines and temples for an ear lys ta r t on New Year 's fe s t iv i t i e s .
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QU Z

a rk each of the fo I low i ng statements e i ther t rue or fa Ise.Then check your answers with the key.I. Because Japan has become acrowded nation mostJapanese have lost much ofthe i r concern for the pr i -vacy of others .2. A Japanese acquaintance wi IImore I ikely invi te you to a

meal a t a res taurant than toa meal prepared and serveda t his home3. Japan has been invaded andconquered several times inthe las t 1 000 years .4. If you invi te a married

Japanese male to attend apar ty or dinner he willsurely assume that hiswife is welcome to attend

True False


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CULTUR L B CKGROUND

9 A J a pan e s ew j I I pro b a b I Ywant to open a gi f t -wrapped package upon re-ceiving i t whi Ie theperson who gave the g i f tlooks on.10 Eng l i s is the fore i g nlanguage most commonlystudied by the Japanese.II . The Japanese are qu i teopen in compl imentinghosts on foods thatare well prepared.12. The land area of Japanis about equal in s izeto tha t of Ca I ; forn; a.13. If you buy a bowl ofJapanese noodles i t isokay to s ip the brothfrom the bowl i t se l f14. Baseball is a verypopular sport amongthe Japanese.

QUIZTrue False


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CULTURAL BACKGROUND

19 waitress in a typicalJapanese res taurant wi IIprobably think you are acheapskate if you do notleave her a 5 percentt ip20 You should allow a Japanese

host an opportuni ty to re-fi I I your s ke cup for youinstead of ref i l l i ng i t foryourself21 To refuse to eat a numberof foods impresses manyJapanese as a sign ofsophis t ica t ion22 Leaving uneaten food ona pla te is apt to be con-sidered a serious socialwrong by most Japanese

QUIZTrue False


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CULTUR L B CKGROUND QU Z K Y

KeyI False 12 True2 True 13 True3 False 14 True4 False I 5 False5 False 16 True6 False 17 True7 True I8 True8 False 19 False9 False 20 True10 True 2 I FalseI I True 22 True


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BIBLIOGR PHY

Many excel lent books on Japan are avai lable in l ibrar iesand bookstores, including books by Western authors and t ransla t ions of books original ly publ ished by Japanese authors .Book-length studies are avai lable on many spec if ic aspects ofJapanese cul ture and periods of his tory. The fol lowing books,however, are recommended for the i r general in te res t to foreignres idents in Japan and for the i r easy ava i lab i l i ty .Condon, John, and Kurata, Keisuke, In Searah o What s Japaneseabout Japan. Shufunotomo Company of Tokyo, 1977. n in terest ing study of many facets of Japanese cul ture with photographs,by a professor a t the Internat ional Christ ian Universi ty insuburban Tokyo.De Menthe, Boye, P s and Q s for Travelers in Japan.Shufunotomo Company of Tokyo, 1974. A I ively book of informaladvice, especia l ly good for f i r s t - t ime v is i to r s by an Americanwith a long career in Japan.Forbis, i I I iam H., Japan Today. Harper and Row, 1975. Subt i t l ed People, Places and Power, th i s is a useful insideaccount of Japanese I i fe and thought by an American journal i s twho has special ized in covering Japan.Nagasawa, Kimiko, and Condon, Camy, Eating heap in Japan.Shufunotomo Company of Tokyo, 1977. A visual ly appealing


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MODULEGREETINGS ND INTRODU TIONS

I O JECTIVESpon completion of t h i s module you w II be able to

I . greet someone with the appropr ia te expression inthe morning, af ternoon, and evening;

2. in t roduce two persons to each o ther

3. respond appropr ia te ly when being int roduced;

4. say good-bye.


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GREETINGS ND INTRODUCTIONS P RT

2 VOCABULARYThe system of wri t ing Japanese used in t h i s course isca l led the Hepburn system. Pronuncia t ion of most of the l e t t e r spresents no d i f f i cu l t y to an American. Those l e t t e r s orcombinat ions of l e t t e r s considered d i f f i c u l t to pronounce wi I I

be explained in t h i s sec t ion of the modules.In Module you may have d i f f i c u l ty with the following:

I. When the l e t t e r n is the l a s t l e t t e ri t may sound somewhat l ike the n in s ing .Miura-san

in a wordListen:

2. When double l e t t e r s appear in a Japanese word as inkonnichiwa 3 the sound i s repeated . Think of double l e t t e r sas having a hyphen between them and pronounce both l e t t e r sd i s t i nc t l y . Lis ten:Kon-nichiwa

3. The l e t t e r s with a bar above them and a 3 are


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GREETINGS ND INTRODUCTIONS PART 2o h y ~ g o z i m s ~ good morningkonnichiwa good daykombanwa good eveningkochirawa t h i s person)sa n Mr. ; Mrs. Miss

des t1 is ; am; arehajimemash/te how do you dodozo yorosh/kt1 pleased to meet youkochira koso the pleasure i s minedewa mata see you l a te rj mata see you l a te r


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GREETINGS ND INTRODUCTIONS P RT 3

3 NOTESI. The phrase ohayo gozaimaBn l i t e ra I I y mean s i t sea r ly . This gree t ing is not genera l ly used a f te r aboutten o 'c lock in the morning.

Konniahiwa l i t e ra l ly means as for today. I t is used fromabout ten o 'c lock in the morning unti I dusk.Kombanwa means good evening and is used in the same way asi t s Engl ish t r ans l a t i on .

2. Although Americans customari Iy follow a greet ing byhow are you, the Japanese equivalent , o-genki deB, ka isnot used by persons meeting for the f i r s t t ime. The phraseis used by f r iends who have not seen each other for some t ime.

3. The ending -Ban is added to a person ' s name. I tmay usual ly be t rans la t ed as Mr., Mrs., or Miss.-Ban is used a f te r a person 's f i r s t name or l a s t name.Note tha t -Ban shows the speaker ' s respect for the personhe is speaking to or about. The speaker , therefore ,never uses -Ban with his own name. For example, you wouldcal l your f r iend Tanaka-Ban but he would refer to himselfsimply as Tanaka.


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GREETINGS ND INTRODUCTIONS P RT 36. At a par ty or on the s t r ee t when you recognize a ta distance someone you know you should f i r s t nod as agesture of recognit ion. s you approach or are approachedby the person you greet him. General ly one does notshout and greet another person at a dis tance in Japanexcept in some intimate groups such as young s tudents .
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GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTIONS PART

4 FLUENCY DRILLSI . Japanese, l ike Engl ish, has an expression for goodmorn i ng --ohayo gozaimasi. I t is used unt i I about teno c lock in the morning. If someone says ohayo g o z a i m a s ~i t is customary to answer ohayo gozaimasi. Now you wi I I

hear the expression three t imes; repeat af te r hearing i teach t ime.o h a y ~ gozaimaslio h a y ~ gozaimaskiohayo gozaimasd

You meet Mr. Naka on the way to work in the morning:Naka: Ohayo g o z a i m a s ~YOU

2. From ten o c lock in the morning unt i I dark, the mostcommon greet ing is konniahiwa. Konniahiwa is also the


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GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTIONS PART 4

3. After dark the gree t ing is kombanwa and you answerwith kombanwa. Listen to two Japanese people gree t ing eachother when they meet af te r supper.

Naka: Kombanwa.Imai: Kombanwa.

Now Imai greets you a t 8:30 in the evening:Imai: Kombanwa.YOU

4. Japanese has only one word for the English wordsMr. , Mrs., and Miss. That word is -san. t alwaysfollows the name of a person spoken to or about. Never use-san a f te r your own name. n Japanese Mr. Oka is Oka-san.But Oka-san can also be Mrs. Oka or Miss Oka. Inth i s exerc ise you wi I I be given f ive Japanese names,and you wi II add -san to each.EXAMPLE Suzuki YOU Suzuki-san

TakahashiTanaka


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5. If you add the word esi to a phrase I ike Sato-sanyou form a sentence In thi s exerci se you wi II hear names, such as Sato-san andMatsumoto-san and you wi I I make a complete sentence witheach by adding d e s ~ .EXAMPLE Nakamura-san YOU Nakamura-san d e s ~ .

Yamamoto-sanKate-sanYamada-sanUchida-sanSasaki-san

6. Now you wi I I add another word to the sentences youmade in the l a s t exerc ise . The word koahirawa means th i sperson, but is be t te r t rans la t ed simply as th i s . Koahirawais added a t the beginning: Koahirawa Sato-san des li means Thisis Mr Sato. Whi Ie koahirawa Sato-san d e s ~ is a sl ight lymore formal way of saying Sato-san d e s ~ the two sentencesmean exact ly the same thing and can be used in terchangeably.


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7. You have already learned tha t des7A means ( th i s ) isin a sentence l ike Tanaka-san des7A D e s ~ a lso means (I) amwhen used with a name without -san: Therefore , Tanaka des imeans ( I ) am Tanaka. If your name were Miller and youwanted to say I 'm Mi I l e r , you would say MiZZer deB7tiRemember t ha t you should never use -san a f te r your own name.A f t ~ r hearing each of the following phrases , give the Engl ishequiva lent .

EXAMPLE Saito desl1. YOU I'm Sai to .Tsuda desl1.Matsumoto d e s ~Hattori desl1.Ikeda desl1.Hotta desl1.

Now ident i fy yoursel f using your real name:

8. When you are making in t roduct ions , you may use oneof two opening sentences: the shor ter Imai-san Sato-Bandesi or the longer I m a i s a n ~ koahirawa Sato-san desi . In


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9. Now you wi I I use the long form, koohirawa -sandes , to introduce two people.EXAMPLE: I ke d a and Mil Ie r

Takahashi and BrownNakamura and MatsumotoParker and SasakiSuzuki and JohnsonYamada and Watanabe

YOU: Ikeda-san, kochirawaMill er-san des &.

10. When you are being introduced, there are bas ica l lytwo s i tua t ions tha t can occur . To i l l u s t r a t e these s i tua t ions ,l e t s say tha t you are Mr. Smith. In the f i r s t s i tua t ion ,someone wi II say Mr. Smith, th i s is Mr. Tanaka ; and in thes e co nd, s om eo new i I I say M r . Tan a ka , t his i sM r . Smit h "The general rule in in t roduc t ions is tha t the f i r s t personmentioned in the introduct ion speaks f i r s t . The f i r s t s i tua -t ion , where you (Smith) are mentioned f i r s t , is the simplestfor you because al I you have to say is d020 yoroshiki .


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GREETINGS ND INTRODUCTIONS P RT 4I I. In the s i tua t ion where your name is not mentionedf i r s t the introduct ion can go severa l ways. The personwhose name was mentioned f i r s t can say several th ings . I tmay go l ike t his:Oda: Tanaka-san, Smith-san d e s ~

Tanaka: Dozo y o r o s h l k ~Sm i t h: Ko chi r a ko so.

Mr. Tanaka, t h i s isMr. Smith.Pleased to meet you.The pleasure is mine.

If the person who is to speak f i r s t says dozo yorosh tk i pleasedto meet you, then you should say koahira koso the pleasure ismine. In fac t if you look back to Dri I I 10, Y U wi II see thesame sequence: pleased to meet you the pleasure ismine.Now you play the role of Smith.

Oda: Tanaka-san, Smith-san d e s ~

Tanaka: Dozo y o r o s h l k ~Smith:

Mr. Tanaka, th i s isMr. Smith.Pleased to meet you.The pleasure is mine.


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By now you may have not iced a pat tern to these expressions:Haj i mema sh / te .How do you do.

i s f 0 lowe d byD< zo y o r o s h / k ~Pleased to meet you.

which in turn is followed byKochira koso.The pleasure is mine.

Le t s run through tha t las t in t roduct ion again and t h i s timeyou play Smith.Oda: Tanaka-san Smith-san desrl. Mr Tanaka th i s i sMr Smith.

Tanaka: Hajimemashlte. How do you do.Sm i t h Pleased to meet you.

Tanaka: Kochi ra koso. The pleasure i s mine.


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14. The only exception to the introduct ion pat tern occurswhen the person named f i r s t begins by saying his own name.I t is qui te common for Japanese people to do th i s when they arebeing in troduced.Whenever th i s happens, simply say what the Japanese sa id usingyour own name. Listen to t h i s exchange:

Oda: Tanaka-san, Smith-san d e s ~ Mr Tanaka, t h i s i sMr Smith.

Tanaka: Ta naka d e s ~ I m Tanaka.Hajimemashlte. How do you do.m i t h: Smith desli. I m Smith.Hajimemashlte. How do you do.

This ends the in t roduct ion and there i s no need to fo I lowwith dozo yorosh:lk J1. and koahira koso.Now you t ry i t :

Oda: Tanaka-san, Smith-san d e s ~ Mr Tanaka, th i s i sMr. Smith.Tanaka: Tanaka de s t1 I m Tanaka.Hajimemashlte. How do you do.

Smith: I m Smith.How do you do,


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GREETINGS ND INTRODUCTIONS

Take Smith 's par t again:Oda:

Tanaka:

Smith:

Tanaka-san, Smith-san d e s ~

Tanaka d e s ~ Hajimemash/te.O< zo yorosh/krl.

PART 4

Mr. Tanaka, t h i s isMr. Smith.I'm Tanaka. How doyou do. Pleased tomeet you.I'm Smith. How doyou do. Pleased tomeet you.

Before going on, l e t s review the pat terns :a. If your name is mentioned f i r s t , you automatical ly saydozo yoroshtk/t pleased to meet you.b. If the other person s name is mentioned f i r s t and tha tperson says hajimemashtte how do you do. then you saydozo yoroshtk-p. pleased to meet you.c. I f the other person says dozo yoroshik-p.l p Ieased to meetyou, then you say koahira koso the pleasure is mined. I f the other person says hajimemashtte. dozo yoroshtk/t

how do you do. pleased to meet you, then you saykoahira koso the pleasure i s mine.


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GREETINGS ND INTRODUCTIONS P RT 4

16. Now the in t roduc t ions are over, and you are readyto leave. You should nod your head and say dewa mataor ja mata meaning see you l a t e r . In the following s i tua -t ion , take the par t of Smith:ada: Smith-san, kochirawaTanaka-san d e s ~

Smith:Tanaka: Kochira koso.

Smith:

Mr. Smith, t h i s isMr. Tanaka.Pleased to meet you.The pleasure is mine.See you l a t e r .

17. If you say dewa mata the people you have been ta lk ingto wi I I probably repeat the expression or use some other wordor gesture to say good-bye. If someone e l se says dewa mataf i r s t , you should reply dewa mata. Of course, dewa and jaare in terchangeable. )You have jus t been introduced to Tanaka, who then bows andsays ja mata. You should nod and say


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GREETINGS ND INTRODUCTIONS PART 418. In th is exercise you will hear 4 expressionswhich could be used during in t roduc t ions . Reply to each,pretending to be Mr. Brown.

EXAMPLE: Brown-san, kochirawaTanaka-san desti.DO zo y o r o s h l k ~Hajimemashlte.Dewa mata.Hajimemashlte.Dozo yoroshlkti.Tanaka des &.Hajimemashlte.Brown-san, I to-san deski.a mata.

Ikeda deski.DO ZO yoroshlkki.DO ZO yorosh/kki.Hajimemashlte.

DO zo yorosh/kti.


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5 DIALOGUESI Yamada: O h a y ~ gozaimasd.Brown: Ohayo g o z a i m a s ~

2.Jones: Konnichiwa.I t ~ : Konnichiwa.

3.Uch i da: KombanwaWhite: Kombanwa

PART 5

Good morning.Good morning.

Good day.Good day.

Good evening.Good evening.


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6.S a t ~ :

Suzuki:

Parker:

S S:

7.I ked a:Sait


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9.Davis:

Itcr:

I to-san, kochirawaHarr is-san d e s ~Dcrzo yoroshlkt1.

Harris : Kochira koso.Dewa mata.

10.Hattori : Jones-san, Saeki-sande st1.Jones:

Sae k iJones:H & S:

Jones dest1.D 'zo yoroshJkki.Saeki dest1.O


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GREETINGS AND INTRODUCTIONS

12.Uchida:

F ~ k u d a :

Jenkins:

F ~ k u d a - s a nJenkins-san d e s ~ .Hajimemashlte.Dozo yo ro s hI kk1

Uchida: J ~ mata.Jenkins:

13.Lewis:

a I ker: Dozo yoroshl kk1S u z u k i : Ko chi r a ko so.

a I ke r : J am a t a Lew s:

PART 5

Miss Fukuda t h i s isMr Jenkins .How do you do.Pleased to meet you.The pleasure is mine.See you l a t e rSee you l a t e r

Mrs. Walker th i s isMr Suzuki.Pleased to meet you.The pleasure is mine.See you l a t e rSee you l a t e r


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15.Smith:

Fujiwara:

Jones:

Fuj iwara-san, kochirawaJones-san des.1.Hajimemashlte.Dozo yoroshYk.1.

Fujiwara: Dewa mata.Jones:

16.Clark:Saito:

Wi so n :

Sai to-sanWi I son-san d e s ~Saito d e s ~Dozo yo ro s hI k.1.

PART 5

Mr. Fujiwara, t h i s isMrs. Jones.How do you do.Pleased to meet you.The pleasure is mine.See you l a t e r .See you l a t e r .

Mr. Sa i to t his i sMrs. Wi I so n I m Sa i to .Pleased to meet you.1 m Wi 1 so n.Pleased to meet you.


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18.Samson:

Dav is :Fld'kuda:Dav is :

Davis-san kochirawaFtikuda-san deski.

Kochira koso.

6. SELF EVALUATION QUIZ

PART

Mr. Davis th i s isMr. Fukuda.Pleased to meet you.The pleasure is mine.See you l a te r

You wi hear 20 s i t ua t ions. Respond to each inJapanese. Use your own name when appropr ia te Afteryou respond the cor rec t answer wi I I be given on the tape.On a separa te piece of paper keep t rack of which itemsyou miss and which you answer cor rec t ly


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7 REVIEW AND REMEDIATIONIf you missed any items on the quiz , review the FluencyDri II s indica ted below.If you missed more than four i tems i t would be a good

idea to review Fluency Dri I I 18 and the en t i re Dialoguesec t ion . Once you have reviewed the recommended exerc i ses ,take the Supplementary Sel f -eva lua t ion Quiz Part 8If you missed four i tems or fewer in the Sel f -eva lua t ionQuiz you may go on to another module without taking theSupplementary Sel f -eva lua t ion Quiz.If you missed item

2 3 4 5 67 8

you should review d r i l l s )

715 6 8 , 916

31 1


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GREETINGS ND INTRODUCTIONS P RT

8. SUPPLEMENTARY SELF EVALUATION QUIZYou wi I I hear 2 s i t ua t i ons Respond to each

in Japanese. Use your own name when appropr ia teAf te r you respond the co r rec t answer w ll be g ivenon the t ape


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9 ADDITIONAL VOCABULARYHere is a shor t I i s t of words and phrases t ha t can beused in the s i tua t ions covered in t h i s module. You wi I INOT be tes ted on these new words. To show you how theyare used, we have provided some example sentences . Both

the words and the sentences are on the tape to help youwith pronunciat ion and to give you prac t ice I i s tening tothem.

watashi no mytomodachi f r iendWatashi no tomodachi d e s ~ This is my f r i end.kanai my wi eKanai d e s ~ This is my wife.

NOTE: Kanai means my wife ; so you dont t haveto use watashi no Since kanai can only meanmy wife, i t cannot be used when you are speakingabout the wife of someone e lse .shuj in my husband


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I O JECTIVES

MODULEDIRE TIONS

Upon comp le t i on o f t h i s module you wi be able toI . ge t the a t t e n t i o n o f a passerby verba I I i2. ask f o r d i re c t i o n s to a s p e c i f i c s to r e , r es tau r an t , ho te l ,

and so f o r t h ;3. ask f o r the l oca t i on o f a (any) t e lephone , t o i l e t , gass ta t i o n , and so f o r t h ;4. unders tand such rep l ies as

a. we l l , let's see ,

b. t he r e isn't one in the vicinity,c. see t h a t bui Id ing over the re?


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DIRECTIONS P RT 2

2 VOC BUL RYThe system of wri t ing Japanese used in th i s courseis ca I I ed the Hepburn system. Pronunc i a t i on of most of thele t te rs presents no di f f i cu l ty to an American. Those l e t t e r sor combinations of l e t t e rs considered d i f f i cu l t to pronouncewi I I be explained in th i s sec t ion of the modules.

In Module 3 you may have di f f i cu l ty with the fol lowing:I The l e t t e r i n the m dd I e of a word is pronounced

I ike the ng i n s in g by nat i ve s f To kyo. Lis ten :migi massugu tsugi

2. The l e t t e rs marked with a bar a e 0are pronounced longer than those without a bar .

ho depato e to domo kyukyusha

and uListen:

3 . When double l e t t e rs appear in a Japanese wordthe sound is repeated. Think of double l e t t e r s as havinga hyphen between them and pronounce both l e t t e rs d i s t inc t ly .Listen:mas-sugu

Now compare the double s in massugu with the s ingle 8 in


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DIRECTIONS

tatemonodenwa

c h l k t e t s ~ no ekires0torant o i r e

hoterugasor in s ~ t n d okokosokoasokodoko?konosonoano

P RT

b u i Idingtelephonesubway s ta t ionres taurantto i l e t ; res t roomdepartment s torehotelgas s t a t ion gaso l ine stand)herethe reover the rewhere?th i st ha ttha t over the re


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DIRECTIONS

chlkak0kono chlkak0 n i arimasene tokadot sugi no kadot sugi no kado n i arimas0migihidarimaeushirono hemigi no hoano migi no he n i arimas0

asoko n i X arimas0 ne?

asoko ni tatemono arimas0ne?

massugu

P RT 2

v ic in i tythe re i s n ' t one in t h i s v ic in i tywe I I , l e t ' s seecorner ; in te r sec t ionthe next cornert he re ' s one on the next cornerr ightl e f tf rontrea rtowardto the r igh tt he re ' s one to the r igh t of tha tover the resee tha t X over there? I i t e ra I I Yt he r e ' s an X over t he re , i sn ' tthe re? )see t ha t bu i Iding over the re?

s t ra ight ahead)


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DIRECTIONS P RT

3 NOTESI . There are many d i f fe ren t ways for a Japanese personto answer your quest ion where is The answer wi II dependupon where you are in r e la t ion TO rhe place you are lookingfor . To be able to understand the poss ib le Japanese re -sponses , you must learn many words. In a real s i tua t ion ,however, the person wi I I use ges tu res to point out locat ions .Even if you don ' t complete ly unders tand, you can go in thegeneral di rec t ion indicated and ask another passerby formore information.2. You may be a t a s ta t ion or subway where everyone ishurrying to catch the next t r a i n . In such s i t u a t i on s , youngwomen may be the most helpful in taking t ime to gived i rec t ions .3. The Japanese words machi and cha are sometimest r ans la ted s t r ee t , but they ac tua l ly refer to the d i s t r i c t sor shopping cen te rs of a c i ty . Except for a few majorboulevards , s t r e e t s in Japanese c i t i e s are not named.4. Whi Ie Americans are accustomed to giving di rec t ionsin terms of blocks , Japanese th ink in terms of corners kado).
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tokyo_street_1.jpg


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DIRECTIONS P RT

4 FLUENCY DRILLSI . To ask for the loca t ion of a p I ace or thi ng, youuse the phrase doko d e s ~ ka? which means where is i t ?Listen to the phrase and then repea t :

doko des0 ka?

If you want to ask where the Sanno Hotel i s , you add the wordsfor Sanno Hote I , Sanna Hoteru- a t the beg i nn i ng of doko d e s ~ka? and you have the quest ion Sanno Hoteru doko des i ka?Listen to the quest ion and then repea t :

Sanna Hoteru doko des0 ka?

Now we wi I I add the names of other places and th ings todoko d e s ~ ka. The word for toi l e t is t o i re How do yousay where is the to i l e t ?

The word for te lephone is denwa.i s the te lephone ? How do you say where

A popular Japanese ea t ing place is the Skylark Res tauran t


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DIRECTIONS P RT

4. Before you can ask a Japanese person where somethingi s , you have to get h is a t ten t ion . You do t h i s by sayingsumimasen, meaning excuse me. Listen and repeat :Sumimasen.

Now l e t ' s prac t ice asking a Japanese passerby some ques t ions .You wi I I hear an Engl ish quest ion. Get the a t t en t ion of thepasserby, and ask the quest ion in Japanese. You wi I I thenhear the cor rec t Japanese.

5. The next step is to understand the answers to yourquest ions. In th i s exerc ise you wi II learn to understandsome of the poss ible answers.One of the s imples t answers to your quest ion would bes t ra ight ahead. The Japanese for it's s t r a igh t aheadhere is koko massugu des i. Listen:

Koko massugu d e s ~Now ask which way i t is to the Sanno Hotel .hear the correct Japanese. You wi II then


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DIRECTIONS P RT 4

You have j u s t asked someone how to get to the SkylarkRestaurant . After you hear the answer, give the Engl ishequivalent .

Before you pract ice the next three possible answers, l e t ' srecal l the three quest ions you can use to ask where a placeis :a. Toire doko des d ka? Where is the to i let?b. Toire dochira d e s ~ ka? Which way is the to i let?c. To i re doko n i ar i a s ~ ka? Where is there a to i let?You wi I I notice tha t the f i r s t two quest ions use the word

d e s ~ meaning i s , and tha t the th i rd quest ion uses the wordsn arimas7A meaning there is one." I t is qui te possibletha t the person wi II use des7A. to answer when you used narimas7A in the quest ion. Or he may use n arimas7A to replyto your des7A quest ion. In the next three exercises e i the rdes7A or n a r i m a s ~ can and wi I I be used in the answers.


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DIRECTIONS PART

Next you wi II hear an answer.give the English equiva lent . During the pause t ha t fol lows,

If the place you are asking about is far ther away, theanswer wi II be asoko deslti meaning it's over t he re . Listen:Aso ko de s0

Or the answer might be asoko n arimaslti meaning t he re ' sone over t he re . Listen:Asoko ni arimas0.

Now you wi I I hear some answers. During the pause tha tfol lows each, give the English equiva lent .

7. If the p lace you are looking for is on a corner , theword kado (corner) wi II be in the answer. For examp Ie,one possible answer is ono kado deBi meaning it's on t ha tcorner . Listen:

Sono kado des0.answer might n


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DIRECTIONS P RT

If the p lace you are looking for is on the next corner , theanswer wi I I be e i t he r tsugi no kado d e s ~ meaning i t ' s onthe next corner , or tsugi no kado ni a r i m a s ~ meaningt he r e ' s one on the next corner . Listen:Tsug i no kado des0, Tsugi no kado ni arimas0.

Now ask where the subway s ta t ion i s ,the cor rec t Japanese. You wi II then hear

Next you wi I I hear some answers.Engl ish equiva lents . During the pauses, give the

8. The person you ask may answer using the words forl e f t , r igh t , f ron t , or rear . These four words are usual lyfollowed by the words no ho To the r ight Ismigi no hOt Lis ten:migi no ho

To the l e f t is hidaxai no hOt Lis ten:hidari no ho


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DIRECTIONS P RT

Now ask where the re is a te lephone.correct Japanese. You wi II then hear theNext you wi II hear some answers. During the pause a f t e reach answer, give the Engl ish equivalent .

9. Of ten we t ry to te I I someone where someth i ng is byre fe r r i ng to a I andmark. You wi I I probab I y have th i s ex-per ience when you ask a Japanese person for d i rec t ions .If you were going to use a landmark as a reference point , youwould probably say see tha t hotel over there? Then youwould go on to t e l I where something was in re l a t ion to thehotel by saying something I ike i t ' s to the r igh t of t ha t ,or i t ' s behind tha t , or i t ' s on the next corner a f te rtha t , or i t ' s in tha t vic in i ty . The Japanese equiva lentof see t ha t hotel over there? is asoko n hoteru arimas7ine? Listen:

Asoko ni hoteru r i m s ~ ne?Of course , other words can replace hoteru in tha t ques t ion-depato for instance. To say see t ha t depar tment_storeover there? Japanese use the phrase asoko ni depato arimas7inet Listen:


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DIRECTIONS P RT

10. After point ing out a landmark, a Japanese personmight say it's in t ha t v i c in i t y . The word for vic in i ty isahikaki . Listen:chJkak0

"That v ic in i ty is sono chikak J4.. Listen:sono chJkak0

And the complete sentence is sono c h t k k ~ des J4., meaning i t ' sin t ha t v ic in i ty . You could a lso hear sono ch-lkaki niarimasi meaning there ' s one in t ha t v ic in i ty . ListenSo no chlkak0 des0. Sono ch1kak0 ni arimas0.

Now I is ten to a complete answer:Asoko ni tatemono arimas0 ne?Sono chlkak0 ni arimas0. See tha t bu i I ding over there?There ' s one in t ha t v i c in i ty .

I I. Another d i rec t ion given in re la t ion to a landmarkcould be it's on the next corner a f t e r tha t . You alreadyknow tsugi no kado n i arimasi meaning i t ' s on the next


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DIRECTIONS P RT 4

You have jus t asked where something i s . After you hear eachanswer, give the Engl ish equivalent .

13 Arimasen means there i sn ' t one. Listen:arimasen

If you are asking about a gas s ta t ion and there i sn ' t onein the vic in i ty , you' I I get the answer kana ahtkak. J nia r i m a s e n ~ meaning there i sn ' t one in th i s v ic in i ty . Listen:

Kono c h l k a k ~ ni arimasen.

14. When you ask someone a quest ion, he f requentlyneeds a I i t t l e t ime to think about the answer, so he thinksout loud. For example, you want to f ind a telephone, so~ o u ask denwa doko ni arimasi ka? The Japanese may saye to wh i ch means we I I l e t ' s see . Then he wi I I go on togive you the answer; for example, kana ahtkaki ni a r i m a s e n ~meaning there i ~ n t one in th i s v ic in i ty . Or he might saydenwa desi ka? to meaning a telephone? Well, l e t ' s


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DIRECTIONS P RT 4

15. Perhaps the person answering your quest ion wantsto say tha t a place is tha t way or over tha t way. Hewould say sochira des i or achira d e s ~ Listen:

Sochira deski. I t ' s tha t way.Achira deski. I t ' s over tha t way.

In th i s case, ni r i m s ~ can be used instead of d e s ~Listen:Sochira ni arimaski. There ' s one tha t way.Achira ni arimaski. There ' s one over tha t way.

16. After your quest ion has been answered,remember to nod your head and say domo meaning thank you.Listen and repeat :Domo. Thank you.


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DIRECTIONS P RT

The word for ambulance is kyukyusha Listen and r e p e t ~kyukyusha

For p Iease ca I I an ambu Iance you say kyukyusha yondekudasai Listen and repeat :Kyukyusha yonde kudasai.

Now l e t s pract ice these two sentences .i f you want someone to ca I I the po l ice?say excuse me. )What do you say(Don ' t forge t to

nd if you want someone to cal I an ambulance, what doyou say?
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Car_Free_Ginza.jpg


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DIRECTIONS

5.A:

J :A:

6 .A:

J :

A

7 .A:

Sumimasen. DaimaruDepato doko desti ka?Koko massugu des0.Domo.

Sumimasen. SannaHoteru doko de 5 ka?Sanna Hoteru deski ka?

to . Kono chJkak0ni arimasen.Domo.

Sumimasen. Toire dokoni arimasti ka?

PART 5

Excuse me. Where is theDaimaru Department Store?I t s s t ra ight ahead here.Thank you.

Excuse me. Where is theSanno Hotel?The Sanno Hotel? e I I l e t ssee . There i s n t onet h i s v ic in i ty .Thank you.

Excu se me. Where is the rea t o i l e t ?

i n


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DIRECTIONS

12 Sumimasen Chlkate ts0no eki doko desl4 ka?J

A

13AJ :

A:

Asoko ni tatemonoarimas0 ne? Sono t sugino kado des0Domo

Sumimasen Denwadoko ni r i m s ~ ka?Asoko ni gasor in s0tandoarimas0 ne? Sono mae noho des0Domo

PART 5

Excuse me Where is thesubway s ta t ion?See the building over there?I t s a t the next corner a f te rtha t .Thank you

Excuse me Where is therea telephone?See the gas s ta t ion overthe re? I t s in f ront oft ha t .Thank you


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DIRECTIONS

15A

J Asoko ni t o i r e arimas0ne? Sono hidar i noho ni arimas0

PART 5

Excuse me Where is therea te lephone?

A Thank you

16A

J Asoko ni depato ar imas0ne? So no t sugi no kadoni arimas0

Excuse me Which way is thegas s t a t ion?

A Thank you

I


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DIRECTIONS

18.A

J Tsugi no kado nia r i m a s ~

PART 5

Excuse me Where is therea department s tore?

A Thank you

19.A Excuse me Which way is theSkylark Restaurant?J Asoko ni gasor in satandoarimas0 ne? Sonochlkak0 ni arimas0.A Thank you.

20.A Excuse me Where is there


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DIRECTIONS

I A:

J Asoko n i resntoranr i m s ~ ne? Sono

c h l k k ~ ni arimaslli .

PART 5

Excuse me Where is theDaimaru Department Store?

A Thank you.

22A

J Ano kado des0.

Excuse me Where is thesubway s ta t ion?

A Thank you.

23.A Excuse me Where is there

dli japanese headstart modules 1-5

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