dl small antennas
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
1/68
communications devices: practical aspects.Marta Martnez VzquezIMST GmbH
IEEE AP-S Distinguished LectureAugust 2011
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
2/68
Rens Baggen, Winfried Simon, Andreas Winkelmann (IMST)
Dirk Manteuffel (U. Kiel)
Jan Carlsson, Kristian Karlsson (SP) Cyril Luxey (U. Nice Sophia-Antipolis)
Zhinong Ying (Sony-Ericsson)
Jaume Anguera (Fractus S.A.)
2 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
3/68
Staff: 150 employees (110 engineers / PhD)
Headquarters: Kamp-Lintfort, Germany
Berlin
Berlin
Berlin
NorthRhineWestfaliaBonn
NorthRhineWestfaliaBonn
NorthRhineWestfaliaBonn
Dsseldorf
Kamp-Lintfort
IMST
Dsseldorf
Kamp-Lintfort
IMST
Dsseldorf
Kamp-Lintfort
IMST
3 mmv, IEEE-DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
Bonn
Bonn
Bonn
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
4/68
Telecom and IT
Automation
utomot ve
Medical Device
Security
4 mmv, IEEE-DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
5/68
For ADSTM
Library for multilayered elements
Coplanar element libraryIntegrated in Agilent ADSTM
5 mmv, IEEE-DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
6/68
-
,
Thin film and thick film technology
Hybrid circuits, bonding
Etching techniques
Fast prototyping
LTCC capabilities
6 mmv, IEEE-DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
7/68
Indoor nearfield / farfield
3D air-interface characterisation of mobiledevices
DAT-P-152/98-01
RF measurements up to 110 GHz
CE certification
7 mmv, IEEE-DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
8/68
Introduction & historical review
State of the art
8 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
9/68
Introduction & historical review
State of the art
9 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
10/68
Internet
Dayly
newspapers
480m
1.4bn
Mobilephones
4bn
1.5bn
4bn mobiles worldwide = half of the population of the planet!!!
10 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
11/68
Number of mobiles for every 100 people
Source: i-strategy
11 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
12/68
30%
10%
20%
Q1 2010
0%
Source: IMS Research 2011
Ex ected smart hone sales 2011 : 420 Million
12 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
28% of total market
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
13/68
Get Smart! (1965)
13 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
14/68
Motorola DynaTAC
rst mo e p one prototype 7Size: 229 x 127 x 45 mm
Weight: 1,130 gsp ay: one
Talk time: 35 minutesRecharge Time: 10 hours
, ,
Motorola's DynaTAC 8000X
First commercial mobile phone (1983)Prize: $3,995
Size: 330 x 89 x 45 mm.Weight: 780 gDisplay: LEDTalk time: 30-minutes
14 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
eren co our com na ons: an gray, an an ar gray.
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
15/68
GSM, 3G, LTE GPS
Bluetooth DVB-H
FM
etc
15 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
16/68
ser mar e
Small dimensions
erv ce prov ers
networks:
Low weightMultiband capability
Broadband operation
Low costRobust to changes in the
environmentHigh efficiency
Optimised use of the
16 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
17/68
Go wireless!!!
but please provide:Small antennas
Light weight
Cheap
-
Multi-antenna systems
17 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
18/68
18 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
19/68
Handset evolutionandset evolutionSizeWeightPrice
FunctionalityDesign
1990 2000 2010
19 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
20/68
Last 15 ears: im act of la to s and mobile hones
Weight dropped by 57 percent in the last two years!
eason: smartp ones
3.53.3
3
3.5
MP3, iPod
1.6
2
2.5
Weight(kg) Mobile phone Laptop,
organiser
Smartphone
1.21.4
.
0.5
1
.
20 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
0
1990 1995 2000 2006 2008 2010
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
21/68
.whips
. to encourage users to hold it belowthe antenna
3. Plastic casing: part of the covermade of plastic
Nokia 8810 (1998)
21 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
. .
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
22/68
Hagenuk Global Handy (1996):The first GSM-phone with an integrated antenna!
22 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
23/68
The number of transistors that can be placedinexpensively on an integrated circuit hasdoubled approximately every two years
Antennas don't follow Moore's law
Maxwells laws!!!
23 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
24/68
Motorola 8900 1997 iPhone 4 (2010)First dual band GSM phone
130 x 59 x 25 mm248 g
- an+ Bluetooth/Wi-Fi + GPS
115 x 59 x 9 mm
24 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
25/68
GSM 900/1800Battery type: NiMH 950 mAhBattery life:Standby time: 100-130 hoursTalk time: 330-420 minutes
Time of full re-charging: 90 minutes
9632 pixels, which can show up to4 text lines, one line with icons
Phonebook: 100 phone numbers +SIM-card memory.
received/dialed calls 16 menu languagesUser's menu configurationVibrating alertSpeed dialingAutodialFaxSMSDimensions: 130x59x34 mm3Weight: 248 g.
25 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
Source: www.apple.com
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
26/68
Introduction & historical review
State of the art
26 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
27/68
CONCEPT INTEGRATION PRODUCTION
Marketing
& sales
onceppreliminary
designDevelopment
Optimisation
& integration
Industrialisation
Hard tool go
Qualification
Ramp up
Mass
production
Product
upgrade
27 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
28/68
Antenna design process
Test hardware
First Measurements
Demonstrator (electrical properties)
Antenna development process
Technology & contacting
Prototyping
Production and delivery
28 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
29/68
Pre-defined mobile phone
n enna unc ona y
Available space / Shape
-
Interaction necessary with other design departments (circuits, mechanics)
Antenna design should start at the same time as handset development!!!
29 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
30/68
Bar phone withintegrated antenna
Flip-phone withexternal antenna
Bar phone withhelix antenna
Slide phone withintegrated
30 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
31/68
Multiband antenna
Integrated in casing
,
Mechanically robust
Low cost
High efficiency
31 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
32/68
1.51.435
Chu-Harrington theoretical limits:
1 1/Q(ka)
Antenna in free space enclosed in a sphereof radius a:
1
Q k a,( ))1(
312233
22
minakak
akQ
+
+=
a.
3BW 1max =
0 0.5 1 1.5 2.
1.5080.188 k a
Relation bandwidth - antenna volume
Goal: optimising this relation
32 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
33/68
a
a
Antenna only External antenna Internal antenna
Antenna not in free space: Finite ground plane
Effect of handset components (battery)
Users resence
33 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
34/68
Basis: Planar Inverted-F-Antenna (PIFA) Result: handset antenna
Input Impedance
0
)( SfZ in =
Folded radiator (miniaturisation)
Shape adapted to cover
Bandwidth),(* WHfBW =
ots an cuts to n ucemultimode
34 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
individual design for each mobile device!!
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
35/68
Monopole over infinite ground Handset with integrated PIFA
/4
/4
Infinite
~
/4 /4
Handset
/4
35 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reservedPROBLEM!
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
36/68
Current distribution on the patch inducescurrents on PCB (frequency related!)
PCB contributes to radiation
Equivalent circuit model
36 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
GSM DCS PCS UMTS
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
37/68
Courtesy of ST
o e an ennas
3D structures, irregular shape
n uence o eren e emen s
EM field solvers
Analysis
Design
Commercial packages vs. dedicated
37 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
38/68
Reasons: Influence of:
Geometry of the problem
- Size of the structure
- Com lexit
Hardware
- Memory requirements
- Processin ca abilities
- Simplified structures
Mathematics
- Simulation time
User
- o e m s
- System complexity
- Numerical stability
- n ers an ng o e mo e s
- Experience: select appropriatetools, discard elements, detectlimits
Physics
- Irregular grid (ghost reflections)
-- Source modelling
(mismatching, cable effect)
- Pro erties of the materials
38 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
(lossless, isotropic)
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
39/68
Simplified structure
Metallic atch
Antenna with foam carrier:mechanical stability
Source: ST
Courtesy of Sony-Ericsson
39 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
Courtesy of Nokia
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
40/68
-
2 oints of
view:
Effect on the user: SAR Effect ofthe user: losses
dTSAR c=
Radiated Mismatch(including user)
t
2 2
effSAR E E
= =
rad in a L abs
Delivered
Absor tion
40 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
41/68
-
Influence on the user:
EM fields in the body
Influence on the performance
Losses in the tissues
o og ca e ec s anges n ra a on pa ern
Antenna mismatch
41 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
42/68
SAR-measurementsDASY III setup
Radiated power in presence of user3D measurement setup
42 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
43/68
Frequency r (S/m) (kg/m3)
Different limits according to:
CENELEC (Europe)
900 MHz 42.5 0.861040
1800 MHz 41 1.69
FCC (USA)
ACA (Australia)
SAR recommended limits
Max. localSAR (W/kg)
Averagedover (g)
Europe 2 10USA 1.6 1
43 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
44/68
s an ar pos ons: ee anTilted, left and right side
Phone in transmit mode maximumpower
SAR at 3 different frequencies:,
Different liquids needed in differentbands
Cheek-Position Tilted-Position
3-band mobile phone:
44 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
= 36 measurements!!! (~ 18 hours!)
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
45/68
Cheek Tilted
Source: IMST
position position
Source: IMST
computational techniques for dosimetric
investigations with wireless handsets (IEEE
grid= 0.5 mm 3 mm
=SCC-34 WG-2)
Simulation time: ~ 5 min
2 x Xeon 5350 2.66 GHz
45 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
46/68
f = 900 MHz
Cochlea implant
Normalised local SAR-distribution (1W input power)
46 Vorlage Aug-11 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
47/68
Introduction & historical review
State of the art
47 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
48/68
9PROS
Aesthetical desi n
8CONS
Small available volumeLower cost
Mechanical robustness
Interaction with other components
Shadowing
48 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
49/68
Monopole
Large size Mechanically fragile Relatively high SAR
values
Helix
More robust than monopole
Multiband operation (combinedelements, variable pitch)
Meander line
Multiband operationExternal/internal
49 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
50/68
Dual-band, non-uniform helical antenaSource: Sony-Ericsson
phones (over 100-200 M)
Z.Ying (Ericsson, 1996)
g e c ency, c eap, easy o manu ac ure.
Dual-band mono-helix
Patent by Nokia, extensively used by Motorola
Relatively expensive solution
Source: Sony-Ericsson Branch meander multi-bandantenna
Z. Ying (Ericsson, 1997)
50 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
Flexible and easy to manufacture
Volume over 15 millions.
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
51/68
A-GPS
3G
BluetoothWLAN
51 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
52/68
Small, compact terminals
External design independent of antenna
More robust handsetsEasy to produce, cost effective
52 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
53/68
Very popular
High efficiency
,
Low cost
Multiband antennas operation possible
53 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
54/68
Coupled resonators (fed / coupled)
ma n s ze, ow pro uct on cost
Centre frequency and bandwidth can be controlled to some extent
an w t or ower an s m te
Require experienced engineers and reliable CAD tools
Source: IMST Combination patches / slotsSource: LEAT-CNRS
Source: IMST
an s:GSM 900/1800/1900
5 bands:GSM 900/1800/1900/UMTS/WLAN
54 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
4 bands:GSM 900/1800/1900/UMTS
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
55/68
-
Patch Antenna
C-patch antenna
-
Capacitive end to reduce size
-
55 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
56/68
Nokia 3210: planar Antenna
- - ec no ogy
3-D flexibility
56 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
g too ng costs: pro uct on vo ume must e g
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
57/68
Twin spiral and dual band PIFASource: Sony-Ericsson
Z. Ying (Ericsson, 1998), extended to dual band branch
PIFA for cellular phone
Similar patents filed from different companiesVery popular in Nokia, Siemens, Ericsson products.
Branch PIFA
First used in Nokia 8210 (1999)Different variants in the following years
2-/3-band solutions
Multiband folded monopole antenna
Branch or non-uniform meander line for
-
multi-band operation
57 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
58/68
-
Use of switches and matching networks
,
In the future: MEMs
Source: Aalto U.
58 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
59/68
PIFA+ open slot PIFA hexaband
Patent app. WO 01/22528a en app.
59 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
ReferencesReferences
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
60/68
ReferencesReferences
Jaume Anguera, Ivn Sanz, Alfonso Sanz, Antonio Condes, David Gala, Carles Puente, and JordiSoler, Enhancing the performance of handset antennas by means of groundplane design. IEEEInternational Workshop on Antenna Technology: Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials (iWAT
2006 . New York USA March 2006.
Jaume Anguera, Ivn Sanz, Alfonso Sanz, Antonio Condes, Carles Puente, and Jordi Soler,Multiband Pifa Handset Antenna by Means of Groundplane Design, IEEE Antennas andPro a ation Societ International S m osium Albu uer ue New Mexico USA Jul 2006.
Cristina Picher, Jaume Anguera, Arnau Cabedo, Carles Puente, Sungtek Kahng, Multibandhandset antenna using slots on the ground plane: considerations to facilitate the integration ofthe feedin transmission line Pro ress In Electroma netics Research C Vol. 7 95-109 2009.(pdf)
Arnau Cabedo, Jaume Anguera, Cristina Picher, Miquel Rib, Carles Puente, Multi-Band Handset
Antenna Combinin a PIFA Slots and Ground Plane Modes IEEE Transactions on Antennas andPropagation, vol.57, n9, Sep. 2009 , pp.2526-2533
60 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
61/68
Small-size + bandwidth difficult tomeet simultaneously with self-resonant antennas
900 MHz: power radiated by
Small non-resonant, non-radiatingstructures: couple power into the E-GSM & DCSc aracter st c wavemo es o t e
chassis
matching circuits.
Source: Aalto U.
-
61 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
62/68
Zuleitung
-2
0
11000
13000
15000
17000
Semi-rigid coax
PCB
Speisepunkt
-6
-4
dB
Feed
PCB
-
-10
-8
|S
11|
/
Kurzschluss
planare Antenne-16
-14
Antennen-Resonanz PCB-Resonanz
Short
Couplingelement
Antenna PCB
f / MHz
Optimised coupling to the PCB
62 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
High efficiency (whole device acts as antenna)
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
63/68
-5
0
14
15 16 17
-5
0
14
15 16 17
-15
-10
DVB-H
GSM 850/900/1800/1900
5
6
7 89
1011
12 13Different values of the
matching network
components
-15
-10
DVB-H
GSM 850/900/1800/1900
5
6
7 89
1011
12 13Different values of the
matching network
components LTE
Plastic Casing
Coupling Element
Reconfigurable
Matching Plastic Casing
Coupling Element
Reconfigurable
Matching -30
-25
-
[
dB]
1
2
3
-30
-25
-
[
dB]
1
2
3
C2
L AntennaTX, RX
C2
L AntennaTX, RX
C2
L AntennaTX, RX -45
-40
-35
Total Antenna Efficiency of the MobileReconfigurable Matching NetworksNo Matching NetworkFM Radio-45
-40
-35
Total Antenna Efficiency of the MobileReconfigurable Matching NetworksNo Matching NetworkFM Radio
PCB of the Mobile
C1Frontend
PCB of the Mobile
C1Frontend C1Frontend
100 1000
-50
f [MHz]
s ma e n mum c ency
100 1000
-50
f [MHz]
s ma e n mum c ency
Reconfigurable matching network
Multiband operation
63 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
D. MANTEUFFEL, M. ARNOLD: Considerations for Reconfigurable Multi-Standard Antennas for Mobile Terminals. In: IWAT2008 - IEEE International Workshop on AntennaTechnology: Small Antennas and Novel Metamaterials, Chiba, Japan, March 2008.
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
64/68
Matching circuits (L, C)Coupling element
Multistandard operation, single module
LTCC technology
example-networkexample-network
64 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
65/68
65 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
66/68
66 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
67/68
Nokia Morph concept device - Nokia Research Center (NRC),Cambridge Nanoscience Centre
Nanoscale technologies, flexible and transparent materials,
67 mmv, IEEE AP-S DLP 2011 IMST GmbH - All rights reserved
-
8/22/2019 Dl Small Antennas
68/68
Thank you for your attention!
.
For more information please visit:
http://www.imst.com
IEEE APS DLPAugust 2011