dj carroll chapter 28a

8/2/2019 Dj Carroll Chapter 28A

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AP European History

By: DJ Carroll


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Post WWI effects set in, and society began toquestion its prior values and beliefs

Many critics rejected the general faith in

progress and the power of the rational humanmind

Paul Valry, French poet, wrote about how hesaw the cruelly injured mind as it sufferedfrom doubts and suffering

This Intellectual crisis of the twentieth centuryeffected almost every field of thought.


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Freidrich Nietzsche believed that Westernthinking was in decline because of Christianhumility and an overstress on rational thinking

Henri Bergson added that immediateexperience and intuition was just as importantas rational thinking

Georges Sorel believed that socialism wouldsucceed through a great violent strike of allworking people.


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Logical empiricism was a way of thought thatrejected most of the concerns of traditionalphilosophy

It dominance drastically reduced the scope ofphilosophical inquiry

Existentialism stressed that humans canovercome the meaninglessness of life byindividual action

It was popular because it advocated positivehuman action at a time of hopelessness


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A revitalization of fundamental Christianitytook place after WWI

Danish religious philosopher, Soren

Kierkegaard stressed commitment to a remoteand majestic God.

Swiss theologian Karl Barth stressed the needto accept Gods truth through trust, not reason

Catholic theologian Gabriel Marcel emphasizedthe need for hope and piety in a broken world


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German Physicist Max Planck showed in 1900that subatomic particles energy emitted inuneven little spurts

Albert Einstein undermined Newtonianphysics, and that only the speed of light isconstant


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Ernest Rutherford in 1919 showed that an atomcould be split

1944-subatomic particles has been identified,

the most important one being the neutron This was the road to the atomic bomb


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According to Sigmund Freud, the key tounderstanding the human mind lay in,irrational unconscious, or id

Rationalizing conscious was called the ego Ingrained moral values were given the name

super-ego

Freud's research revolutionized the old viewon the human mind


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The postwar moods of pessimism, relativism,and alienation influenced novelists.

Uses of vivid descriptions of characters and

their relationship to society


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Literature focused on the complexity andirrationality of the human mind

Marcel Proust attempted to discover the

innermost meaning to his childhood memoriesin his autobiography


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Steam of consciousness was a technique usedby serious novelists to explore the psyche

Ulysses James Joyce

Most famous stream of consciousness novel

Jacobs Room Virginia Wolfe

Internal monologues of random psychiatric patient

The Sound and the Fury William Faulkner


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"Modernism" in art and music meant constantexperimentation and a search for new forms ofexpression.


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Franco-Swiss genius Le Corbusier, emphasizedefficiency and clean lines instead ofornamentation

Germany was the leader in modernarchitecture.

The Bauhaus school under Gropius became themajor proponent of functional and industrial forms.


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The Chicago school of architects, led bySullivan, pioneered in the building ofskyscrapers.

Frank Lloyd Wright designed truly modernhouses featuring low lines, open interiors, andmass-produced building materials

Many Europeans were inspired by theseAmerican mens examples of functionalconstruction


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French impressionism sought to portray theworlds of emotion and imagination, as in theworks of van Gogh, Gauguin, Czanne, and

Matisse


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Cubism, founded by Picasso, concentrated onzigzagging lines and overlapping planes


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Dadaism and surrealism became prominent inthe 1920s and 1930s.

Dadaism delighted in outrageous conduct.

Surrealists, inspired by Freud, painted wild dreamsand complex symbols

Nonrepresentational art turned away from naturecompletely; it focused on mood, not objects


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The concept of expressionism also affectedmusic, as in the work of Stravinsky and Berg.

Schnberg and Stravinsky

Some composers, led by Schnberg, abandonedtraditional harmony and tonality

Stravinskys The Rite of Spring brought about acombination of pulsating, dissonant rhythms from

the orchestra pit that attracted many people


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The public of that time were primarilywrapped up in movies and radio

Movie-going became a form of escapism and

the main entertainment of the masses During the WWI, the U.S. became the

dominant for in the rapidly expanding silentfilm industry


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Radio, which became possible with Marconi's"wireless" communication and thedevelopment of the vacuum tube, permitted

transmission of speech and music, but majorbroadcasting did not begin until 1920.

Then every country established nationalbroadcasting networks; by the late 1930s, three of

four households in Britain and Germany had a radio. Dictators and presidents used the radio for political

propaganda.


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a) the world was perfectible

b) only God was certain in this lost world

c) human beings can conquer lifes absurdity

d) no human action can bring meaning to life


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c) human beings can conquer lifes absurdity


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a) Practical and functional construction

b) Freedom from town planning

c) Massive exterior ornamentation

d) Separation of fine from applied arts


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a) Practical and functional construction


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a) Existentialism

b) Christianity

c) Atheism and agnosticism

d) Dadaism


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b) Christianity


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a) Uncertainty and dissatisfaction with established ideas

b) Increasing belief in the goodness and perfectibility of

humanityc) Emphasis on the idea that a new science and technology

would build a more democratic and liberal world

d) Religious revival based on the human nature of Christ andthe basic goodness of human beings


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a) Uncertainty and dissatisfaction with established ideas


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a) Great philosophical issues can never be

decided

b) Humanity must accept all truths as being

absolute

c) Humanity is basically sinful

d) There is no God


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a) Great philosophical issues can never be

decided


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a) The reconstruction of society

b) An attempt to discover the reasons for the lossof faith in God

c) The conflict between materialism andspiritualism

d) The complexity and irrationality of the human

mind


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d) The complexity and irrationality of the human

mind


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a) The Bauhaus movement

b) Brutalism

c) Dadaismd) Cubism


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c) Dadaism


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a) The Bauhaus movement

b) Brutalism

c)

Dadaismd) Cubism


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a) Human behavior is basically irrational

b) The id is the key to understanding the mind

c) Neither A nor B

d) Both A and B


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d) Both A and B


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a) Football

b) Motion pictures

c) The music hall

d) The pub


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b) Motion pictures


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a) Walter Gropius

b) Frank lloyd Wright

c) Louis H. Sullivan

d) Mies van der Rohe


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a) Walter Gropius


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a) Struck critics as a return to classical music models

b) Was reviled as the musical version of Dadaism

c) Nearly caused a riot of its sexuality anddissonance

d) Was ignored, and recognized as a masterpieceonly decades later


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c) Nearly caused a riot of its sexuality and dissonance


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a) A futuristic totalitarian state

b) A futuristic utopia of peace and equality

c) A day in the life of one man, parallel to theadventures of Ulysses

d) Functionalism


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a) A futuristic totalitarian state


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a) Classicism

b) Capitalism

c) French impressionism

d) German romanticism


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c) French impressionism


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a) Marie Curie

b) Karl Barth

c) Werner Heisenberg

d) Sigmund Freud


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c) Werner Heisenberg


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a) France

b) Britain

c) Sweden

d) The United States


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c) Sweden

dj carroll chapter 28a

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