division, war and reconciliation 1855-1865. the slavery issue jefferson described slave trade as,...
TRANSCRIPT
Division, War and Reconciliation 1855-1865
The Slavery Issue
Jefferson described slave trade as, “a cruel war against human nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life and liberty.” (1st draft of D of I)
1850s North and South on collision course…
New western states, slave or free??
North and South
North
Commerce was king
Industry busy cities
Education, banking, science, reform movements
South
Farming: cotton, sugar, rice, tobacco
Plantations and small farms
Slavery as the lifeblood of their economy
Southern States Secede
South Carolina was the first state to secede.
April 1861 – 7 states met to establish the Confederate States of America.
Lincoln would not accept secession.
April 12, 1861 Confederates fired on Union troops in Fort Sumter.
3 days later Lincoln called upon 75,000 Union volunteers to put down rebellion.
Civil War was on…
Confederate States of America 1861
Union vs. Confederacy
South – superior leadership under General Robert E. Lee
North – larger force under command of General Ulysses S. Grant
Minorities were a presence…
180,000 Black soldiers fought for the Union.
A few Native American regiments served on the frontier.
Women also made a contribution to war effort – one famous woman, Clara Barton, founded the American Red Cross and work as a nurse in army camps and hospitals.
It’s over…1865 Lee surrendered to Grant at Appomattox, VA.
President Lincoln was assassinated days after Lee’s surrender.
The healing of the US had to take place without Lincoln.
Wartime Voices
Sept. 1862 - Lincoln signed Emancipation Proclamation
Many patriotic songs were written:
The Battle Hymn of the RepublicThe Yellow Rose of TexasDixie
Civil War Literature • Speeches• Letters• Diaries• Patriotic Songs• Poetry
Spirituals – sung by African American slaves• Served as a means of communication• Expressed their desire for freedom and
religious salvation• Many had double meaning/secret messages• Most had at least one refrain, emphasizing
most important ideas
“The Good Gray Poet” -Walt Whitman• One of most
influential poets in Amer. history
• Celebrated democracy and the common man
• Best known collection of poetry - Leaves of Grass
Whitman’s Poetry
Free verse – irregular meter and line length.
Catalogs – the listing of images or concrete details.
Parallelism – repeated use of phrases, clauses, or sentences that are similar in structure.
Speaks of democracy, equality, spiritual unity of all forms of life.
Human spirit is reflected in nature.