AD-750 579

ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY DATA AND BIBLIOG-RAPHY ON TITANIUM AND TITANIUM ALLOYS

John T. Milck

Hughes Aircraft Company

Prepared for:

Air Force Materials Laboratory

March 1970

DISTRIBUTED BY:

National Technical Information ServiceU. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield Va. 22151

$

I • '- C " N'I "R iN1 1111Q11 ---90".NO. I R-72 N -IKII --S

Ih, I2~criiCI. IW IlliSiSTV 2V -AtT ' ANA M tl III-(XIIGAPIV _II

I' ONTITANIUIM ANI) TIrTANIUM,-ALLOYS

John T. Mitck 1 -

Ropfoduced by

NATIONAL 1ECHNICALINFORMATION SERVICE Martc.h 1970

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TABLE-~OF COkNTENS

hytrt~oductioh. 1

TI'itanium Alloy-,qbmpos itibrisý 3

E'lectrical ýesistiv.lty Vs temperature' 41

Electrical Resistivity vs Allaying- -kid: Temperature - 5-

Electrical, Resistivity vs Cr~yogenic *ThrnmperatUre, 33'

Bibliography, 36 "

This Ineim reovt hahý'.been ,Pir. re& in reispos oanme iie~~

for eolectricail -pr~bpertle infor~iatic- , 't titAfiiur~n'ad, its -alloy It ,does hotý,

'however, represent a comprehensiye sarch of the iliteratuire, but does rep'rbsent

a. fairly useful collection of data -1 ) desijignpurposes.

Titanium -has Proven itself tv 'e- a very -ersatle-m~etal (in the,wualloyed

as well as- alloyed condition)- for .tAhmi'itarty and non-miiitary, applications.

Commercial ly_ .pure -titanfium- and tl~c various titanium, alloys4 offer a range ofmehai-iproperties that ýmakca iem, ideall for varied app lications such a0

-cor'rosive-fluid pump shafts, -ccyty'-nic s,,to'rage vessels, rocket egin cases,

heat-exchangers, jet engine coi,,p,.!ssorý -Wheels, bdades and spacers, ;arframe

nsins and-structures (the Supc:tE anic, Tranfspqrt Airp'lane. Design makes-extensive

-- use- of titanium and its alloy',ý chlorine: anodes, saline water conversion units",

deep diving undersea vehicle-,-, tank- armor, -h:droftil components, etc.

in some of these above-mentioned applications, -the electrical charact-eristic'6>

of the metal and its alloys are very important and m~ay be critical-- espbc ially

if a film of titanium oxide ii, involved. A titanium oxide film is insulating and

can have a rectifying acti on.

'rhe following table compares the electrical resis-tivity ol.f pure titaiu.ýun

with other pure metals: (at room temperature):

Titanium, 47.8 microhm-cmMagnesium 4.6'Aluminunt 2i8211 IIron 10.0 tCopper 1.724

Because of the wide variety of titanium alloys which have been developed

to date and their varied designations or codes, a chart or table listing the

code designation and approximate chemical composition is also incorporated herein.

Unfortunately, it does not list every commercially available alloy.

A few typical graphs are included herein to show the effect )f alloying on

the electrical resistivity of i.1tanium and their variation with temperature.

The electrical properties of titanium at cryotenic temperatures are also enclosedFIn another set of curves. One r~eason for the wide scatter in property data point!.

i -' *efet!f incersti~a it~iuiy eienientsý, uch as '-'*gt oxg ,k~th a-

edsxy disovd ,ihtid .~t itanium lattice-b~cadse ,of tegteigcat~s~~~

* cif-titariiunhi 11dndei,#teAmauunt of-co'ntrol )exercised ,by, eachý M.anufdc-tirer i-,Wth,re ard to, rtigaseous inuiesndohrmetallicý elemenrts will:ven h

~~~~& e xeutgePctridal ,properties as, well as -other prbpertleseg .,h'1

7tensiil ~t4e h etc.

A' com rhes~- data .sheet covering all ,thfe electrikal -pi bpdiitib of -Litaniull

anf.1t§:, -ailoyd..iill be fta:6t~dd inhe --Tiar futU' e.

'A--wealth of technilcal. data on the-mechanical, chemical, ph~fsical. -aiid thermal,proper-tie ottanium and its alloys can be obtained from the I)efense~-etcils I'nli or-

'ihatii Center, Ba~tt~lle Mem~orial Institute, 505 King 'Av~nue, Columqbusý, Ohio.

j I -j

Y1-

77 777 - 7

II- " -v ýtý~. b Jb

4i5

co R

C% C3 0 Co ,ci:.

4n6"f4

pi a

V~l

ia as L

on 40

t7,

-- 200,____

t -,TIT-ANIUM.LiUMiNUM,M ALLOYS

AT&TMON~-RZ AL.

70 '1c

at'9 lii i

IITi '15d A 7 3.0 60C-i7 TIVlC3A1 ,2 1.2 6.2

-Ti ,0 AA. 1 158 3.0 2.1

60Ti0,5AI.S Pd57 3.0 2.10-

X Ti 13~V-P2r3A 157 1.2 2.1I-t-~-~Ti 7AI-4Mn 146 1.2 2.3

Ti4.c 4AH-Mo-lV 6519 0, 2.8oT 5A Ti 155AiZ -6 , .fo Ti 65A TiO 6A00 176~ 1.00 1600 80 20

464

"ELECTRICAL :L1-iSTWY.TY 0F' TITANIU ,M METAL AND, VARIOUS, TITANIURALLOYS AS--A rJNCTION Or-TEMPERATURE AND -ALLOY CONTENT."

ýIj 'Referencei* Alexando~r-Goldsmith (Editor),Am~our Res~earch 'Foundat'ionHandbook of Thermophysical

Ordertesof Solid Materials.

AD 253 710

'a I

-44

"1 44 . 4'

"T7

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0 i

It

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06. 2

-~

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uu

ti ~ 4 q U

.,a :0 4 V *uX, .. t "l 4A '

oo4 4. 4- f t. iv4\0 ' U". V J4~. ~ *U 3

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4V 1

'n 0

41

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* 60

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0 el0

N-1 it wt U

0000

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..s.

to

00 001 b 4t

If I k, 5 7

15 U*

uto

v .

t44

or. 4n

OY f4

04 0

on4

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Electric rosistivIty, ohm cral x 106

00 0 0 Q Q 004C Q

N 4-4-L 1

._ .. .....

'tt7

A I"~ It I -: L-- - II . --

444s . --

if I

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U39

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_ 111111

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-4 Pa 1M N.~1 V

UM u % %A~ U LA 0a --

In a a n tn VN N N 0 N0 -n 0 0% :3'

10

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0 Ji..

o IIn

14.4T.

*-4 --t4t±

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90

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16

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r,, ;/ m rI÷

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zloieruls estisigTpI 46m cm x 106

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- ectfic reeistLvity, ohm cm x 10

r4 J- .4 t I-AJ '+ 9 ' 9 •+." l 99 , l9 .. I, •., ~.9 iliilll-. I. . ,, .. 0,

-,i: ' +,•+, .- +;',h;. . ;.I-.•3 i IZii r T "~ , ,-,9

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. ... 4 i : I"' 4 ." • - ''••.. I M.. 9.9. . 111,1 , , C CIAl -. !. . .. ., . .. ~ • ,' .I.. .. / 1 . " !; . . . ., ,. 1 . ..i.! :

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U.

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04 p.4 Ed to-M e e

00~P

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23H

v ad

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Co4

4.' Electric r.sistivity, ohm am x 10'

-- . . .. . ..

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00

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4s

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0 ~ t %aaa 0 0 0 0 0N PI 4 6 4

0 - - - - La

t i' I.Z ........ .. I_ -

-- -

Tj *-q 0~ I~

rT I

171i

~j~hKP~t±i 4~ 1~7~LQ~W tIt'~f~ir~wtot~

.4J x ::., wqZAo IA1NOD& "O

~~-r~~iii'~~ {tCLTr ~ ~ i~ l______27

4 o~g- -0

84 +100

a A~ ' ~ ..*Iz..i~u. 3

10N N

NO 0

'-4 Vn8

Electric wrefistvity, ohm cm x 106

0 0 12N Nq 04 a0 0 o w00

~ :s **~ 1~4. .i1t:I:H~L{~J:~ In

040

~X1-

1-44

it 154H

'-'--7 77'

I~ in,.9

e.0 1" 0" P4 9

1 0 x~.~ %U 2 ~Ajj8t04*1

.~~~ ~ C. ~ 4,

_ _ _ _ _ _ -4

weg

AI 0 6 0

4.. CF

4: a, ) , 0'-4 z 0 Q

to

0 0

* he 1 ~ ~ 30

Z1.cttic wreomiouty, ohm cm x

1 __

-,~~~~~~ j -a~ah. ,

- j.. so, *. ... 4

41. 1..,4

In.

4 4a

.0. It ;j4,.~ ~ t Ofl...~

C ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u ; *.;** .'144,*~

01 M O '1A11186 *120SU

*~~~ 1. b

u

-- i i ii i ii-

41*

4W

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w 318

in a

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in M~ Infl

64 c

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VV -.- >-.--) 4TL 6171

j mZCT• CAL RESISTIVITY of TITAN2UM, Ti

(Atomic Number 22)

Source of Data:Landolt-B•rnstein Zahlenwerte und Funktionen aus Phsik, Chemie,Astronomie, GeophyuiR utn Tehik echste Auflage, 11 &WaMN, Tell..,Spriger-Vertil, Berlin tl95) pp. 1-46

Other References:

Clausil8, P. and Moubis, 0.; Physic& 1# 245 (1927)Fast, J. D.; Z. anorg. u allgem. Chems 241, 42 (1939)

M4eissner, W., Fwants H. and Westerhoff, B.; Ann. Physik (5) 3•, 55(1932)Meissnerp W. and Voigt, B.; Ann. Physik (5) Is 761, 892 (1930)

Womntsi!

Reference should be made to the preface at the begInning of theElectrical Resistivity section for an explanation of the graphc Thevalue of e lectrical resistivity at 273eK (e273) for titanium toeused in calculating electrical resistivity isflisted below theauthors' names labeling each Individual curve on the graph. These

curves should not be extrapolated to lower temperatures since titaniumbecomes a superconductor at 0.39"K.

The data for this graph were taken from the reference cited above

under "Source of Dati". The values taken from the Landolt-2rn3teintables are those tes list these splested above under "OtherReferences". The original authors are used in labelini the threecurves on the graph.

The data reported in the Landolt-Brnstein tables pre listed as ratiosof electrical re.sistivity with 'respect to the resistivity at a datum

temperature, as listed in the followinm tabular data. The actualvalue of b27y is not available for the Meisener Franz anW iesterhoffdate so a M&um value reported by Past (p27 a 42.0 x 10-9 ohm-cm)is suggested for calculating values of rest tiy from these ratios.

Fawt reports very small impurities in the single crystal sample usedin determining P273"

The Landolt-Bicawtrin tables ltst the sample used by Clausing andMaubis as polycrystalline with 0.16% tungsten impurity. The sampleused by Meissner and Voigt is also reported as of a polycrystallirenature drawn from a melt with 0.2% impurities of unknown type. Thesample used by Heissner, Franz and Westerhoff is reported as beingdrawn from a melt with very small impurities. No comments were madeon the mechanitcal working or beat treatment of the sar~lea,

(Continued on following page.)

33

17.11a4uZ=CAL IM6MTfVZTY OF TITANIUM (cunt.)

Tbles of Valzis of Electrical Resistivity

,P -a Resiovity, (ohm-cm)

p27 3 a Reuitivity at 273K, (ohm-cm)

Clausing& Mooui Meiasner, FransCs& Weaterhoff

Temps TempeTep. P/P273 TeP /P273*K OK

78.5 0.2150 3.24 0.10290.2 0.2547 20.4 0.101o

158.4 05178 79.1 0.211

Meissner & Voigt

Temp."@K Plea73

1.26 0.2034.21 0.215

20.5 0.218088.2 0.3505

34

TEMPERATURE 0 R

4 6 8 10 20 40 60, 80 100 200

.50-o a II I i iELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY RATIO - - I

!e FOR TITANIUM L -~l

.44 4.....4 , -- Clausing and Moubis

t bi

4 A2 - .- - - - - P2S =JsOx IO- hmcm

- -- a-- Meisneran Voia

N_ a . . " - -tt - -4 -I0 -t r c -

.. .36 " - - - -

, -

- -.2 2 -. .a.. . .. .

- -

,f ' - -" "a - '

a - a -

~. 18 - - a -' M e issner, ar n d Voig

,16 ' -~~Pz~y z4.2xlO'ohmcm

,:

Cl) 4 , -, a a' - - -

t -- a - - a -.

.18 ' ~ - -iMisr ..an. 2-

.16-.-...a - - P273 142 xi6 hm -i -

°I" - 2 4 6 6 io 20) 40 0o 80o0 ISo 46

TEMPERATURE, °K_ _5

AO,

BIBLIOGRAPHY

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2. Hutchinson, G. E. and E. L. WempleTitanium--The New Metal.Paper presented in 1951. In Philadelphia (Society?)

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4I. Republic Steel Corp.

Republic Titanium and TitaniU7° Alloys.The Company, 1952, 29 p.

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Midland, Pa., The Company, June 1, 1955, 8 p.

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4 Materials and Methods Manual ,o. 82, May 1952, p. 118-132.

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,

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23. Delazaro, D. J. and D. W. LevinsoiACorrelation between Microstructure and Resistivity of Transformi-qTi-Mn Alloys.Journal of Metals, vol. 6, p. 1089-1093, Septemler 1954 (Section 11).

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0J

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Observations on Electrical Resistivity of Tita;-.um. Trans.AIME, v, 224, no. 1, Feb. 1962. p. 5-7.

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•5 33!°# 1±)

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