displacement and stress on a mode ii shear fault displacement normal stress shear stress relaxation...
TRANSCRIPT
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Displacement and stress on a mode II shear fault
Displacement
Normal stress Shear stress
Relaxation ouchute de contrainte
Concentration decontraintesSerrage (clamping)
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Slip is larger near center
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DD
Modèle de rupture sismique (dislocation)Modèle de rupture sismique (dislocation)
DAvant le séisme
Pendant et après le séisme
D
Modèle équivalent
Glissement D
M0
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1 a2
x2
Faille plane 2d simple:
Glissement
Rotation OMEGA 1 2
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Displacement and stresses around a 2D fault
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Glissement D=C L
Surface de la faille S~L2
Définition du Moment sismique pour une faille circulaire
Mo = D S = C L
Constante élastique
C=16/7
L rayon de la faille
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Loi d'échelle des séismes
longueur
Une seule échelle:
la longueur ou rayon
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Etat de contraintes de la croûte terrestre
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Coulomb stress change due to strike slip earthquakes
Effet de la chute de contraintes
+
Effet de lacontrainterégionale
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Définiton du Stress de Coulomb
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Friction law (n
Normal stress(n)
Shear stress ()
Point de rupture
Définiton du Stress de Coulomb
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Effet de la contrainte régionale et de la chute de contraintes
Chute totale Chute de 10%
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Effet du coefficient de frottement
mu=0
mu=0.75
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Application au séisme de Landers du 28 juin 1992
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Un example: Le séisme de Landers
sur un système de faillesau Désert de Mojave en
Californie
La figure montre les segments de failles activées
par ce séisme. (Hart et al.,
1993)
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Transfert de contraintes
Favorise le Séisme deLandres
Séismes de M>5
dontJoshua Tree (04/92)
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Situation aprèsLanders et Bear Valley
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Contraintes de Coulomb et repliques du séisme de Landers
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GPS Observations in Turkey and Grece
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Migration de la sismicité de la faille Nord Anatolienne
1939-1999
Stein, Barka, Dieterich1997
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Carte du glissementmesuré le long de la faille
1939-1997
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Transfert decontraintes deCoulomble long de lafaille
1939-1992
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Coulomb stresses before and after the Izmit and Duzce EQs
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Interferométrie et Contraintes de Coulomb
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Coulomb stress transferin the Marmara Sea
Avant 1999
Actuel
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Un moins bon example: séisme de Kobe au Japon
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