disinfection of treated waste water
TRANSCRIPT
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K S @ J C I @ O C ] E F \ C O U @ \ F O H C O Z D I H D O D K C H C O Z
J@]@OECMZ@FO FE Z\CDZCJ[D]ZC[DZC\
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KS@JCI@OC] EF\ COU@\FOHCOZDI HDODKCHCOZ
J@]@OECMZ@FO FE Z\CDZCJ [D]ZC[DZC\
CWD U`mzf|`d
:7 M`zp \fdj ]fsznldob
U`mzf|`d =775
DS]Z\DI@D
Wsli`mdz`fo ;=7
@]LO 7 ;=75 ;5
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`
E F \ C [ F \ J
CWD U`mzf|`d `} mfoz`osdiip iffb`ok ef| `hw|fucj {dp} zf w|fzcmz znc cou`|fohcoz ef| znc lcoce`z fe w|c}coz
doj eszs|c kcoc|dz`fo} fe U`mzf|`do}/ \cmid`hcj {dzc| .zndz `} dww|fw|`dzcip z|cdzcj {d}zc{dzc|) `}
`om|cd}`okip |ckd|jcj d} d udisdlic |c}fs|mc zndz mdo lc sz`i`}cj lp dk|`msizs|di `ojs}z|`di doj hso`m`wdi
}cmzf|} ( |dznc| zndo d} d {d}zc |cts`|`ok j`}wf}di/ [n`ic `z }nfsij lc u`c{cj d} d |c}fs|mc |cmid`hcj
{dzc| }z`ii occj} zf lc s}cj `o d }dec doj }s}zd`odlic hdooc| zndz `} mfo}`}zcoz {`zn U`mzf|`do doj
odz`fodi |cts`|chcoz}/
[`zn znc dlfuc `o h`oj CWD U`mzf|`d sojc|zffb d |cu`c{ fe znc Ks`jci`oc} ef| [d}zc{dzc| \cs}c .CWD
U`mzf|`d 4005 Wsli`mdz`fo :5:)/ Zn`} zffb `ozf dmmfsoz djudomc} `o zcmnofifkp doj }m`coz`e`m bof{icjkc
mfhhso`zp c~wcmzdz`fo} }zdbcnfijc| eccjldmb fo znc 4005 ks`jci`oc} doj znc jcucifwhcoz fe znc
odz`fodi e|dhc{f|b ( znc Odz`fodi [dzc| Tsdi`zp Hdodkchcoz ]z|dzckp .O[TH])/
Znc |cu`c{ w|fmc}} nd} |c}sizcj `o znc |cicd}c fe z{f ks`jci`oc}/ Znc e`|}z ks`jci`oc `} znc of{ |cz`zicj
Ks`jci`oc ef| Cou`|fohcozdi Hdodkchcoz1 S}c fe \cmid`hcj [dzc| {n`mn id|kc|ip djfwz} znc dww|fdmn
jc}m|`lcj `o znc O[TH] Ks`jci`oc} ef| ]c{c|dkc ]p}zch} \cmid`hcj [dzc|.DOQCMM
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``
K I F ] ] D \ P F E Z C \ H ]
Zc|h Jce`o`z`fo
D\HMDOQ Dk|`msizs|c doj \c}fs|mc Hdodkchcoz Mfsom`i fe Ds}z|di`d doj Oc{ QcdidojDOQCMM Ds}z|di`do doj Oc{ Qcdidoj Cou`|fohcoz doj Mfo}c|udz`fo Mfsom`iLFJ L`fmnch`mdi F~pkco Jchdoj ( d hcd}s|c fe znc dhfsoz fe f~pkco s}cj `o znc
l`fmnch`mdi f~`jdz`fo fe f|kdo`m hdzzc|/ Znc LFJ zc}z `} zpw`mdiip mfojsmzcj `o dwc|`fj fe 3 jdp} sojc| }wcm`e`cj mfoj`z`fo} doj hdp znco di}f lc |cec|comcj d}LFJ3/
Mnif|`odz`fo Znc dwwi`mdz`fo fe mnif|`oc f| mnif|`oc mfhwfsoj} zf {dzc| f| {d}zc{dzc|s}sdiip ef| znc ws|wf}c fe wdznfkco |cjsmz`fo/ @o }fhc m`|msh}zdomc}mnif|`odz`fo hdp di}f w|fu`jc mnch`mdi f~`jdz`fo doj fjfs| mfoz|fi/
Mfdksidz`fo Znc djj`z`fo fe d mnch`mdi zf d mfiif`jdi j`}wc|}`fo |c}siz`ok `o wd|z`micjc}zdl`i`}dz`fo lp d |cjsmz`fo fe znc ef|mc} zcoj`ok zf bccw znc wd|z`mic} dwd|z/
J`}`oecmz`fo D w|fmc}} zndz jc}z|fp} `odmz`udzc} f| |chfuc} h`m|f(f|kdo`}h}/C/mfi` C}mnc|`mn`d mfi`/ D ldmzc|`sh efsoj `o znc ksz fe {d|h(liffjcj do`hdi} zndz
`oj`mdzc} edcmdi mfozdh`odz`fo/
E`izc| D jcu`mc f| }z|smzs|c ef| |chfu`ok }fi`j f| mfiif`jdi hdzc|`di e|fh {dzc|{d}zc{dzc| f| fznc| i`ts`j} lp wnp}`mdiip z|dww`ok znc wd|z`mic} doj |chfu`okznch e|fh znc i`ts`j/
Eifmmsidz`fo Znc ef|hdz`fo fe }czzicdlic wd|z`mic} e|fh jc}zdl`i`}cj mfiif`jdi(}`qcj wd|z`mic}.|cec| mfdksidz`fo)/
KCH Ks`jci`oc ef| Cou`|fohcozdi Hdodkchcoz/ Wsli`mdz`fo |cicd}cj lp CWD U`mzf|`dzf w|fu`jc d lc}z w|dmz`mc e|dhc{f|b ef| hdodk`ok cou`|fohcozdi fli`kdz`fo}/
Hchl|doc e`iz|dz`fo [d}zc{dzc| } wd}}cj zn|fskn wf|fs} hchl|doc} {`zn j`eec|coz`dz`fo lcz{ccomid}}c} fe hchl|doc} zpw`mdiip fo znc ld}`} fe znc hd~`hsh hficmsid| {c`knzf| }`qc fe mfhwfsoj mdwdlic fe wd}}`ok zn|fskn znc hchl|doc}/ Hchl|doczcmno`tsc} }smn d} h`m|fe`iz|dz`fo zpw`mdiip nduc wf|c} e|fh 37 zf 47777 ohsiz|de`iz|dz`fo zpw`mdiip `oufiuc} wf|c} e|fh 4 zf 477 oh {n`ic odofe`iz|dz`fo doj|cuc|}c f}hf}`} zpw`mdiip nduc e`iz|dz`fo cts`udicoz zf wf|c} fe 7/4 zf 4 oh/
07zn wc|mcoz`ic [nco c~w|c}}cj d} d i`h`z o`oczp wc|mcoz fe znc }dhwic} zdbco fuc| d }wcm`e`cjwc|`fj hs}z ofz c~mccj znc w|c}m|`lcj udisc zndz `} znc 07zn wc|mcoz`ic fe zncdud`idlic jdzd} }zdz`}z`mdi j`}z|`lsz`fo/
ONH\M Odz`fodi Ncdizn doj Hcj`mdi \c}cd|mn Mfsom`iO[TH] Odz`fodi [dzc| Tsdi`zp Hdodkchcoz ]z|dzckpOZS Ocwncifhcz|`m Zs|l`j`zp So`z so`z fe hcd}s|c fe znc zs|l`j`zp fe {dzc| jsc zf
}s}wcojcj mfiif`jdi doj wd|z`msidzc hdzzc|/Wdznfkco} F|kdo`}h} mdwdlic fe mds}`ok j`}cd}c/ @o soz|cdzcj {d}zc{dzc| znc bcp
wfzcoz`di wdznfkco} omisjc ldmzc|`d u`|s}c} w|fzfqfdo} doj ncih`ozn}/
W|`hd|p z|cdzhcoz [d}zc{dzc| z|cdzhcoz oufiu`ok }cj`hcozdz`fo .}fhcz`hc} w|cmcjcj lp}m|cco`ok doj k|`z |chfudi) zf |chfuc k|f}} doj }czzicdlic }fi`j}/ Znc |chd`o`ok}czzicj }fi`j} |cec||cj zf d} }isjkc d|c |chfucj doj z|cdzcj }cwd|dzcip/
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```
\cmid`hcj {dzc| [dzc| zndz nd} lcco jc|`ucj e|fh }c{c|dkc }p}zch} f| `ojs}z|p w|fmc}}c} dojz|cdzcj zf d }zdojd|j zndz `} dww|fw|`dzc ef| `z} `ozcojcj s}c/
\c}`jsdi D mnch`mdi s}cj f| w|fjsmcj js|`ok znc j`}`oecmz`fo w|fmc}} {n`mn `} w|c}coz
dz znc mfhwicz`fo fe zndz w|fmc}}/
\cs}c Znc sz`i`}dz`fo fe dww|fw|`dzcip z|cdzcj |cmid`hcj {dzc| ef| }fhc es|znc|lcoce`m`di ws|wf}c/
]cmfojd|p z|cdzhcoz Kcoc|diip d icuci fe z|cdzhcoz zndz |chfuc} >3 wc|mcoz fe LFJ doj }s}wcojcj}fi`j} u`d l`fifk`mdi f| mnch`mdi z|cdzhcoz w|fmc}}c}/ ]cmfojd|p z|cdzcj{d}zc{dzc| s}sdiip nd} d LFJ fe 9
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Z D L I C F E M F O Z C O Z ]
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[dzc|.CWD U`mzf|`d
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J @ ] @ O E C M Z @ F O F E Z \ C D Z C J [ D ] Z C [ D Z C \
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J @ ] @ O E C M Z @ F O F E Z \ C D Z C J [ D ] Z C [ D Z C \
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dmmcwzdlic zf znc Dsznf|`zp/
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400
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J @ ] @ O E C M Z @ F O F E Z \ C D Z C J [ D ] Z C [ D Z C \
Ks`jci`oc} ef| Cou`|fohcozdi Hdodkchcoz;
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mnif|`oc hdp di}f lc efsoj `o znc ef|h
hfofmnif|dh`oc .ON
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J @ ] @ O E C M Z @ F O F E Z \ C D Z C J [ D ] Z C [ D Z C \
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j`}`oecmz`fo jcwcoj} fo znc wnp}`mdi doj mnch`mdi
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zf j`}`oecmz`fo/ [`zn d lczzc| tsdi`zp fe {d}zc{dzc|
mfhc} d hf|c cee`m`coz SU j`}`oecmz`fo w|fmc}}/
Znc djudozdkc fe znc SU j`}`oecmz`fo w|fmc}} `} zndz
`z `} |dw`j doj jfc} ofz djj zf znc zf~`m`zp fe znc
{d}zc{dzc|/ Znc|c nduc lcco of |cwf|z} fe lp(
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