History of the Industryand

Emerging Technologies

Phaneendra KondapiDirector of Engineering Programs

University of Houston

Oil & Gas 101Baker Hughes, A GE Company

October 11, 2017

From Pennsylvania to…

1865

To the Desert…..

4

…to the Offshore

… to the Arctic

Pennsylvania Oil Business

Colonel Drake, 18591865

Baku Oil Field

Colonel Drake, 1859

1883

Baku in 2010

Corsicana (TX-1894)

Spindletop (Beaumont, TX,1901)

Beaumont, TX, Jan 10, 1901

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Rockefeller's Vision

Life of Rockefeller1839-1937

Source: Economides and Oligney Color of Oil

Kilgore (TX-1930)

Texas Railroad Commission

Gov. James Hogg

Ima Hogg

Standard Oil

1980s 1980s

Royal Dutch Shell, 1890

Marcus Samuel Henri Deterding

British Petroleum

Source: C.J. Campbell, The Coming Oil Crisis, l

William Knox D’Arcy

Saudi Arabia

J. Paul Getty and King Abdulaziz

Ghawar Field

The Seven Sisters

● Standard Oil of New Jersey

● Anglo-Dutch

● Anglo-Persian Oil Company

● Standard Oil of New York

● Standard Oil of California

● Gulf Oil

● Texaco

Esso → Exxon (1972) → ExxonMobil (1999)

Anglo-Dutch → Royal Dutch Shell (1907)

APOC → British Petroleum (1909) → BP (2000)

Mobil → ExxonMobil (1999)

Socal → Chevron (1977)

Gulf Oil → Chevron (1984)

Texaco → Chevron (2001)

The One Time Standard Oil

Purchased by Royal Dutch Shell, 2002

Texaco merger in 2001

Now ConocoPhillips (2002)

Spun off US Steel in 2002

Gulf Oil merger in 1984

1990s 1990s

Now ExxonMobil

Supermajors of Today

The so-called "supermajor" oil companies are: ●ExxonMobil (XOM)●Royal Dutch Shell (RDS)●BP (BP)●Chevron Corporation (CVX)●Total S.A. (TOT)

Top 10 Oil & Gas Cos. in USA

"Independent" Oil Companies

A list of U.S. "independent" oil companies includes:

National Oil Companies

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Let’s Go a Little Deep !!!

Current State of the Art

• Ultra Deepwater• Longer Offsets/tie-backs• Arctic Environment• HP/HT Fields• Heavy Oil• Low Energy• Subsea Processing

Subsea Engineering Technologies1. Thermal Insulation2. Direct Electric Heating (DEH)3. Electrically Heated Pipe-In-Pipe4. Cold Flow5. Phase Changing Materials6. Thermodynamic Hydrate Inhibitors (TDI)7. Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors (LDHI)8. Defoamers9. Asphaltene Inhibitors10. Paraffin Inhibitors11. Scale Inhibitors12. H2S Scavengers13. Demulsifiers14. Drag Reducing Agents15. Real-Time Flow Assurance Software

16. Subsea Separation17. Subsea Boosting18. Subsea Compression19. Subsea Coolers20. Pipe-In-Pipe21. Bundles22. Coiled-Tubing Tractor23. Desander24. Erosion Probe25. ASD - Acoustic Sand Detector26. Acoustic Leak Detection27. Dead Oil / Hot Oil Flushing28. Pigging29. Depressurization30. Gas Sweeping

Subsea Solution Types

Solution TypesThermal

Chemical

Hardware

Operating

Software

Thermal Solutions1. Thermal Insulation2. Direct Electric Heating (DEH)3. Electrically Heated Pipe-In-Pipe4. Cold Flow5. Phase Changing Materials

Source: FMC Technologies

Thermal InsulationCold FlowSource: SINTEF

1. Thermodynamic Hydrate Inhibitors (TDI)2. Low Dosage Hydrate Inhibitors (LDHI)3. Defoamers4. Asphaltene Inhibitors5. Paraffin Inhibitors6. Scale Inhibitors7. H2S Scavengers8. Demulsifiers9. Drag Reducing Agents

InhibitorsSource: FMC Technologies

Chemical Solutions

Hardware Solutions1. Subsea Separation2. Subsea Boosting3. Subsea Compression4. Subsea Coolers5. Pipe-In-Pipe6. Bundles7. Coiled-Tubing Tractor8. Desander9. Erosion Probe10. ASD - Acoustic Sand Detector11. Acoustic Leak Detection

Subsea Boosting

Subsea Separation

Subsea Compression

Source: FMC Technologies

Operating Solutions

1. Dead Oil / Hot Oil Flushing2. Pigging3. Depressurization4. Gas Sweeping

1. Real-Time Softwarea. Virtual Meteringb. Integrity Performance Monitoring

Software Solutions

Real-Time Monitoring

Source: FMC Technologies

Maturity Levels

Embryonic

Emerging

Matured

Aging

• Matured Technology areas:• Most of Chemical solutions• Most of Operating solutions• Some of Thermal solutions• Some of Hardware solutions

• Key Technology areas at emerging stage:• Subsea Separation• Subsea Coolers• Subsea Compression• Real-time Monitoring

• Key Technology areas at embryonic stage:• Cold Flow Subsea Separator

Source: FMC Technologies

Maturity Summary

The Cost Effective FutureAll Subsea/Subsea Factory

• Analyzing the technology gaps – Power, Fiber Optics, Materials• Improving the qualification testing processes• Extensive testing under broader applications• Developing new environmental friendly solutions • Focusing on the application development • Optimizing product performance• Making solutions that are based on onshore applications

Contact/Feedback Information:

Phaneendra Kondapi, PhDFounding Director, Engineering ProgramsDirector, Subsea EngineeringProfessor, Subsea EngineeringCullen College of EngineeringUniversity of HoustonHouston, TX, 77402 USApbkondapi@uh.edu

Thank you !