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ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Co. (EMRE)ExxonMobil Research & Engineering Co. (EMRE)Methanol to Gasoline (MTG) Technology

An Alternative for Liquid Fuel ProductionAn Alternative for Liquid Fuel Production

Gasification Technology ConferenceGasification Technology ConferenceOctober, 2009

2009

• Coal to Liquid Fuels Background

• EMRE Methanol to Gasoline Technology

• MTG and Fischer-Tropsch Comparative Analysis

• EMRE MTG Licensing

Options for Coal Liquefaction

MethanolSynthesis CH3OH

CO2O2 H2O

Fischer-Tropsch “F-T Crude”

Coal Gasification:Syngas: CO + 2H2

Indirect

Di t

SynthesisCoal

“SyntheticDirect

Indirect

DirectLiquefaction

“SyntheticCrude”

Coal Gasification: H2

Direct

CO2O2 H2O

Syngas: H2

Options for Coal to Liquid Transportation Fuels

Fischer

Gasification MeOHSynthesis MTG

Fischer-Tropsch

Synthesis

Gasification

Coal

Refining

Liquid

H2

Direct

Gasification

Fuels

• The MTG process converts methanol to gasoline• For F-T and Direct Liquefaction conventional oil refining processes convert

DirectLiquefaction Refining

• For F-T and Direct Liquefaction, conventional oil refining processes convert synthesized hydrocarbons into liquid fuels (diesel, jet fuel, gasoline)

• Including the hydrogen generation for Direct Liquefaction, all routes involve three major process steps




• EMRE MTG Licensing – The MTG Advantage

ExxonMobil MTG Technology

• MTG synthesis reactions convert Methanol

Methanol

into a mixture of C1-C10 hydrocarbonsand free water

• Approximately 90% of hydrocarbon is inthe gasoline boiling range with 87 octane value ((R+M)/2)

• First generation MTG plant operated inNe Zealand from 1985 to 1997 in a gas

Water

New Zealand from 1985 to 1997 in a gasto liquids operation

Gasoline

MTG Product Yields & Quality

MTG Gasoline YieldsMTG Gasoline Yields

% of

MTG Gasoline MTG Gasoline Properties/CompositionProperties/Composition

Octane, RON 92% of HydrocarbonFeed Product

Fuel Gas 1% 2%

Octa e, O 9Octane, MON 82(R+M)/2 87

Paraffins, vol% 53

LPG 5% 11%

Gasoline 38% 87%

Olefins, vol% 12Napthenes, vol% 9Aromatics, vol% 26

• The MTG process predominately produces gasoline and a fraction of LPG

H2O 56% --Benzene, vol% 0.3Sulfur nil

• The MTG process predominately produces gasoline and a fraction of LPG determined by the desired gasoline vapor pressure

• Gasoline qualities consistent with conventional regular gasoline

MTG Gasoline vs. U.S. Conventional Gasoline

• MTG Gasoline is completely compatible with conventional gasoline infrastructure

• MTG Gasoline contains essentially no sulfur and low benzene – meets sulfur and benzene limits

2005 Summer 2005 Winter MTG Gasoline US Regulation

API Gravity 58.4 61.9 61.8

A ti (%V l) 27 7 24 7 26 5Aromatics (%Vol) 27.7 24.7 26.5

Olefins (%Vol) 12 11.6 12.6

RVP (psi) 8.3 12.12 9

T50 (F) 211.1 199.9 201

T90 (F) 330.7 324.1 320

S lf (PPM) 106 97 0 30Sulfur (PPM) 106 97 0 30

Benzene (%Vol) 1.21 115 0.3 1 (0.62)

EMRE MTG Process

• Pre-heated methanol is fed to a fixed bed reactor system where essentially all of the methanol is converted to hydrocarbon and water

• MTG reactor effluent is separated into gas, raw gasoline and H20

• Raw gasoline is separated into LPG, light gasoline and heavy gasoline

• Heavy gasoline is hydro-treated to reduce durene content

• Heavy and light gasoline are re-combined into finished MTG gasoline

EMRE MTG Process Flow Diagram

Light Gasoline

MTG Reactor System

C2- LPGPurge Gas

FinishedGasolineBlendingBlending

LPG

(Multiple)

Treated

Methanol

Treated Gasoline

Heavy Gasoline

Stabilized GasolineH O Gasoline

DeEthanizer

Stabilizer

StabilizerSplitter

HGT Reactor

RawGasoline

H2O

New Zealand MTG Facility: New Plymouth NZ

MTGMTGSynGas and SynGas and MeOH GenerationMeOH Generation

14,500 BPD plant in New Plymouth New Zealand. Plant ownership 75% NZ Government and 25% ExxonMobil.

New Zealand Plant Operating Experience

90

95 GASOLINE YIELDWT% OF HC

Initial Startup: October, 1985> 96% Stream Factor over 7 year period

95%100%

ctor

GASOLINE OCTANE RON

85

75%80%85%

90%95%

Rx

Stre

am F

ac

1st Calendar Yr.

GASOLINE OCTANE, RON

92

94

9670%75%

0 360 720 1080 1440 1800 2160 2520 2880Elapsed Time, Days

R

90

92

• The New Zealand MTG experience demonstrated MTG to be a robust technology

1st Calendar Yr.

• Daily gasoline yield on feed and gasoline octane indicated a very consistent process performance

• After start up the unit ran reliably with an on-stream factor greater than 96%

Key MTG Features

Operability– Moderate temperatures / pressures

Gas phase conventional fixed bed reactors– Gas phase conventional fixed bed reactors– Reactor design allows for on-stream MTG catalyst regeneration and

replacement– Gasification and methanol synthesis are decoupled from gasoline productionGasification and methanol synthesis are decoupled from gasoline production

› Improves on-stream factor vs. direct coupled operation› MTG unit sized for calendar day methanol production

Constructability– Parallel reactor design provides reactor size flexibility – New Zealand experience demonstrated constructability in remote localsy

2nd Generation MTG Technology

• Second Generation Design based on 10 yearslearning’s from New Zealand operation

• Improved heat integrationImproved heat integration

• Improved process efficiency

• Process re-optimized for coal-based methanolp

Reduced capital costReduced operating cost

ExxonMobil is the world leader In catalyst development and manufacture

JAMG MTG Plant in Shanxi ChinaJAMG MTG plant located in Shanxi Province China is the first SecondGeneration MTG Unit

The JAMG project is demonstrating the coal to gasoline concept with domestic gasification and methanol synthesis technologies and EMRE MTG

JAMG MTG Plant in Shanxi China• The JAMG MTG plant has a capacity of 2,500 B/D and incorporates the

learning's of the 1st generation plant in New Zealand

• The plant started up in June, 2009 and produced on‐test gasoline 60 p p , p ghours after initial start up

Other MTG Licenses

• DKRW announced in Dec. 2007 the first U.S. CTL plant to utilize MTG in their 15 KBD Medicine Bow, WY Project

• Synthesis Energy Systems in September, 2008 announced their license for MTG Technology for a series of global CTL projects




• EMRE MTG Licensing – The MTG Advantage

F-T & MTG Comparative Stoichiometry

SYN GASFISCHER-TROPSCH

(CO + 2H2) (-C1H2-) + H2O

Gas & F-T Liquids

(CO + 2H2) CH3OH (-C1H2-) + H2O

SYN GAS METHANOLM T G

Gas & MTG Gasoline

F-T & MTG Component Yields

Components

Fuel Gas 6 15 1.1

Fischer‐Tropsch Co Catalyst @ 220 C

Fischer‐Tropsch Fe Catalyst @ 340 C

MTGComponents

LPG 6 23 10.0

Naphtha 19 36

GASOLINE 88.8

Distillate/Diesel 22 16

Fuel Oil/Wax 46 5/

Oxygenates 1 5

• F-T yields depend on catalyst, temperature and specific technology

• F-T processes produce a range of hydrocarbons and oxygenates (e.g. alcohols) that require refining processes to convert F-T liquids to conventional fuels

• MTG produces a conventional gasoline and an LPG stream

Date Sources: Sasol 2004 publication.

MTG produces a conventional gasoline and an LPG stream

10

Gasoline vs. Diesel as CTL product

6

7

8

9

• U.S. fuel demand is projected to be heavily weighted toward gasoline

Projected U.S. Trans. Fuel Demand (MB/D)

1

2

3

4

5 heavily weighted toward gasoline even considering efficiency gains and some gas to diesel demand shifting (Source: U.S. EIA Annual Energy Outlook 2009 with

2 .0

0

1

2007 2015 2030

Pet. Gasoline Bio Gasoline Pet. Diesel Bio Diesel

Projections to 2030)

G li Di l P i ($/MBTU)

1 .0

1 .5

• Historical Gasoline and Diesel prices have typically provided over $1/BTU

Gasoline - Diesel Price ($/MBTU)

0 .0

0 .5

198019821984198619881990199219941996199820002002200420062008

have typically provided over $1/BTU additional value for gasoline (Source: U.S. EIA, Refinery Gate prices for Resale; Gasoline @ 5.25 MBTU/BBL, Diesel @ 5.83 MBTU/BBL: Transportation Energy Data Book)

-0 .5

19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 19 20 20 20 20 20

2009 NRC Study:Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal / Biomass*

• Joint Study by the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and National Academy of Engineering as part of the America Energy F t P j tFuture Project

• Study Included a comparative analysis of MTG and Fischer-Tropsch as alternatives for coal/biomass to liquid fuelsTropsch as alternatives for coal/biomass to liquid fuels

• Compared hypothetical Fischer-Tropsch and MTG Plants capable of producing 50,000 bpd of transportation fuel; i.e. gasoline (no naphtha) and/or diesel

• All gas and LPG fractions recycled for conversion to transportation fuel or consumed for electric power

• Study variants considered impact of Carbon Capture and Sequestration

*Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal / Biomass: Technological Status, Costs and Environmental Impact, ISBN: 0-309-13713-6, http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12620.html

Date Sources: FT Date Sasol 2004 publication.

, p p g

2009 NRC Study:Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal / Biomass

F-T & MTG Economic Comparison Fischer‐Tropsch

No CO2 CaptureFischer‐Tropsch With CO2 Capture

MTG No CO2Capture

MTG With CO2Capture

INPUT Coal, tpd (as received) 26,700 26,700 22,900 23,200OUTPUTS Diesel, bpd 28,700 28,700

Gasoline, bpd 21,290 21,290 50,000 50,000Total Liquid Fuel, bpd 50,000 50,000 50,000 50,000

l i i 427 317 145 111Electricity, MW e 427 317 145 111THERMAL EFF. (LHV) 49.1% 47.6% 54.2% 52.9%TOTAL PLANT COST ($M) 4,880 4,950 3,940 4,020

TOTAL PLANT COST ($K/bpd) 97 6 98 9 78 8 80 4

• The study indicated the MTG based plant had slightly higher overall efficiency and lower construction costs

TOTAL PLANT COST ($K/bpd) 97.6 98.9 78.8 80.4EST. BREAKEVEN CRUDE PRICE ($/BBL) 56 68 47 51

MTG benefits from high conversion selectivity and less product refining intensityReal world plants would be optimized based on the specific technology and local power and fuel markets

• CO2 Sequestration lowered efficiency by about 1.5% and raised costs 1.5-2%CO2 Sequestration lowered efficiency by about 1.5% and raised costs 1.5 2%

Data Sources: Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass, © National Academy of Sciences, 2009; http//www.nap.edu/catalog/12620.html


F-T & MTG CTL CO2 Footprint Tons of CO2 Per BBLof Fuel

1.2

Tons of CO2 per BBL of Fuel

1.2

0.6

0.8

1

0.6

0.8

1

0

0.2

0.4

0

0.2

0.4

f f CO

COAL - FT COAL - MTG GASOLINE CORNETHANOL

COAL - FT(CCS)

COAL - MTG(CCS)

GASOLINE CORNETHANOL

No CCS W/ CCS

• Liquid fuels from coal produce substantially more CO2 than gasoline from petroleum and corn derived ethanol

• With Carbon Capture & Storage (CCS), coal based fuels’ CO2 foot print is roughly equivalent to petroleum gasoline g y q p g

Date Sources: Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass, © National Academy of Sciences, 2009; http//www.nap.edu/catalog/12620.html


Tons of CO2 per BBL of Fuel

0 4

0.6

F-T & MTG CTL & Biomass CO2 Footprint

Gasoline

0

0.2

0.4

Biomass –FT (w/ CCS)

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

Coal & BM –F-T (w/ CCS)

Coal & BM –MTG (w/ CCS)

-1

-0.8

• Biomass to liquids via gasification with CCS has a negative CO2 foot print • Feeding biomass (42%) and coal (58%) results in a net negative CO2 carbon

footprint• Combining coal and biomass improves the economies of scale for biomass which

is limited by the distribution of biomass feed

Date Sources: Liquid Transportation Fuels from Coal and Biomass, © National Academy of Sciences, 2009; http//ww.nap.edu/catalog/12620.html




• EMRE MTG Licensing

EMRE/Uhde Partnership Provides Full Range of Project Services

Gasification MethanolCoal/Biomass

• EMRE Licenses Methanol to Gasoline Technology

EMRE id b i i i• EMRE provides basic engineering design package for licensees to perform detailed engineering design and construction.

• EMRE provides catalysts for the

• Uhde provides feasibility studies for the entire process of clean gasoline production from coal.

• Uhde Licenses PRENFLO Gasification • EMRE provides catalysts for theMTG process.

• EMRE provides assistance for MTG start-up and troubleshooting.

technology

• Uhde can support other CTL/BTL technologies to meet customer’s specific needs

GasolineMTG

• Uhde can provide a range of engineering, procurement and construction services

MTG Advantage

Low Technical Risk– Conversion of coal to gasoline through Gasification, Methanol Synthesis and

MTG utilizes commercially proven and currently employed technologyMTG utilizes commercially proven and currently employed technology

Project Simplicity– MTG produces a single fungible liquid transportation fuel

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