direct myofacial release

8/10/2019 Direct Myofacial Release

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FGX[FGD@@ @D\DMAVUOMH

Im dbprdmt ol H`shvdhr @dbdthe

;::5, H`shvdhr @dbdthe. I`` rdagts rhshrvhe.

Ugh rdagt ol Bdfgih` Vtimkorouag to kh dehmtdldhe is iutgor ol tgds worc gis khhm

isshrthe ky gdb dm ifforeimfh wdtg tgh Fopyrdagt, Ehsdams ime Zithmts Ift 9477.

Mo pirt ol tgds puk`dfitdom biy kh rhproeufhe, storhe dm i rhtrdhvi` systhb, or trimsbdtthe

dm imy lorb or ky imy bhims, h`hftromdf, bhfgimdfi`, pgotofopydma, rhforedma or otghrwdsh,

wdtgout hdtghr tgh prdor phrbdssdom ol tgh puk`dsghrs or i `dfhmfh phrbdttdma rhstrdfthe

fopydma dm tgh Xmdthe Cdmaeob dssuhe ky tgh Fopyrdagt @dfhmsdma Iahmfy, 4: Uotthmgib

Fourt [oie, @omeom Q9U 5@Z. Zhrbdssdoms biy kh souagt edrhft`y lrob H`shvdhrs

Ghi`tg Vfdhmfhs [dagts Ehpirtbhmt dm Zgdìeh`pgdi, XVI> pgomh> (9) ;98 ;67 17 (9) ;98 ;67 ;;64, h-bid`> ghi`tgphrbdssdomsJh`shvdhr.fob. Tou biy i`so fobp`hth

your rhquhst om-`dmh vdi tgh H`shvdhr Vfdhmfh gobhpiah (www.h`shvdhr.fob), ky sh`hftdma

Fustobhr Vupport ime tghm Oktidmdma Zhrbdssdoms.

Ldrst puk`dsghe ;::5

DVKM : 556 :164: ;

Krdtdsg @dkriry Fitiòaudma dm Zuk`dfitdom Eiti

I fitiòauh rhfore lor tgds kooc ds ividìk`h lrob tgh Krdtdsg @dkriry

@dkriry ol Fomarhss Fitiòadma dm Zuk`dfitdom Eiti

I fitiòa rhfore lor tgds kooc ds ividìk`h lrob tgh @dkriry ol Fomarhss

Motdfh

Bhedfi` cmow`heah ds fomstimt`y fgimadma. Vtimeire silhty prhfiutdoms bust kh lo`òwhe,

kut is mhw rhshirfg ime f`dmdfi` hxphrdhmfh kroiehm our cmow`heah, fgimahs dm trhitbhmt

ime erua tghripy biy khfobh mhfhssiry or ipproprdith. [hiehrs irh ievdshe to fghfc

tgh bost furrhmt proeuft dmlorbitdom provdehe ky tgh bimulifturhr ol hifg erua to khiebdmdsthrhe to vhrdly tgh rhfobbhmehe eosh, tgh bhtgoe ime euritdom ol iebdmdstritdom,

ime fomtridmedfitdoms. Dt ds tgh rhspomsdkd`dty ol tgh priftdtdomhr, rh`ydma om hxphrdhmfh ime

cmow`heah ol tgh pitdhmt, to ehthrbdmh eosiahs ime tgh khst trhitbhmt lor hifg dmedvdeui`

pitdhmt. Mhdtghr tgh puk`dsghrs mor tgh iutgor wd`` kh `dik`h lor imy òss or eibiah ol imy

miturh offisdomhe to or sullhrhe ky imy phrsom iftdma or rhlridmdma lrob iftdma is i rhsu`t

ol rh`dimfh om tgh bithrdi` fomtidmhe dm tgds puk`dfitdom.

Ugh Zuk`dsghr

Zrdmthe dm Fgdmi


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Ughrh irh koocs wgdfg ollhr nust imotghr spdm om ifobbom suknhft, biykh wdtg i edllhrhmt hbpgisdstgim prhvdous iutgors, yht wgdfg iee motgdma suk-stimtdi``y mhw to tgh vist ldhè ol `dthriturh tgit ds

i`rhiey ividìk`h dm tgh ldhè ol bimui` tghripdhs.Ugh kooc wgdfg you goè dm your gimes, ehirrhiehr, f`hir`y khòmas to i edllhrhmt cdme. Dt dstgh ldrst tdbh tgit im dmthrmitdomi``y rhsphfthethifghr ol ehhp tdssuh worc ollhrs im hisy to lo`òwime f`hir`y oraimdzhe bimui` lor edrhft byolisfdi`thfgmdquhs.

Iboma tgh ldhè ol byolisfdi` rh`hish, two bidmstrhibs fim kh ehsfrdkhe. Ughrh irh tgh borhrhfhmt sfgoo`s ol dmedrhft rh`hish, wgdfg givh khhmdmlùhmfhe ky @iwrhmfh Nomhs, [o`dm Khfchr, Nhim

Zdhrrh Kirri` ime otghrs. Ughdr gimes thme to ldrstao wdtg tgh edrhftdom ol tgh sobitdf eyslumftdom,ime tghm tghy i`òw tgh systhb to rhwdme dtsh`llrob tghrh. Lor hxibp`h dl tgh rdagt sgouèhr oli f`dhmt ds fgromdfi``y pu``he lorwire, im dmedrhftipproifg priftdtdomhr wd`` bimui``y support tghsgouèhr aodma hxift`y dm tgit lorwire edrhftdomumtd` sobh rh`hish ds lh`t towires i mhw ime `hssfomtrifthe edrhftdom. Mituri``y tghsh ipproifghsthme to kh hxphrdhmfhe is borh ahmt`h ime `hssdmtrusdvh ky tgh f`dhmt. Tht tghy i`so thme to givh

tghdr `dbdts (or mhhe to kh rhphithe lor yhirs) dmbimy fishs ol shvhrh tdssuh sgorthmdma or ieghsdom.Vhvhri` hxfh``hmt fourshs, thxtkoocs ime bimui`sirh hisd`y ividìk`h om tghsh thfgmdquhs.

Om tgh otghr sdeh irh tgh edrhft rh`hish thfg-mdquhs, dm wgdfg tgh priftdtdomhr worcs edrhft`ytowires tgh prhlhrrhe ime borh ghi`tgy edrhftdom.Uo òoshm i tdagt byolisfdi` irhi, tgh priftdtdomhrsgimes or h`kow sòw`y sdmc edrhft`y dmto tgh tdagt-hmhe byolisfdi` tdssuh. Olthm tgh f`dhmt ds tghmdmvdthe to fomtift tgh sibh pìfh lrob tgh dmsdeh

(vdi krhitgdma or sukt`h nodmt bovhbhmts) wgd`h tghbimui` prhssurh ds arieui``y dmfrhishe (up to shv-hri` poumes ol prhssurh) umtd` tgh tdssuh solthms.Lor hxibp`h dm tgh f`dhmt wdtg tgh protrifthe

sgouèhr, omh bdagt worc edrhft`y om tgh tdssuhs olphftori`ds binor or bdmor or om tgh `daibhmtsiroume tgh forifode profhss (shh pp9


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ky mot iehquith`y tridmhe priftdtdomhrs. Ol fourshtgds ds i`so wgit gis gipphmhe sdmfh tghm, ime toeiydt ds mot umfobbom to ldme frimdi` osthopitgdf worckhdma ollhrhe ky ìy phop`h wgo `hirmhe tgds worcdm i whhchme foursh. Tht om tgh otghr sdeh ol tghfodm, Xp`heahrs kooc ime tgh rhsu`tdma popuìr-

dzitdom ol tgds ipproifg givh `he to i trhbhmeousdmfrhish ol dmthrmitdomi` sfdhmtdldf rhshirfg dm tgdsldhè is wh`` is to mhw puk`dfitdoms, fomlhrhmfhs,edsfussdoms, fomfhpts ime umhxphfthe dmsdagts.

D goph tgit Bdfgih` Vtimkorouag ds prhpirhe lori sdbdìr upsht iaidmst tgds kooc lrob bimy tried-tdomi``y ordhmthe rhprhshmtitdvhs ol gds ldhè. Ughdriraubhmts irh hisy to imtdfdpith ime D kh`dhvh tgittghdr wirmdmas sgouè mot kh tichm `dagt`y> tgdskooc biy i`òw poor`y tridmhe ime poor`y botd-

vithe phop`h to `hirm powhrlu` ehhp tdssuh thfg-

mdquhs dm wgdfg tghdr f`dhmts biy kh triubitdzhepgysdfi``y is wh`` is psyfgoòadfi``y. Ths, tgds eim-ahr wd`` kh tghrh, euh to tgh `hvh` ol ehptg ime tghbimui` prhssurh wgdfg ds sobhtdbhs dmvo`vhe dmedrhft rh`hish ehhp tdssuh worc. Mhvhrtgh`hss, dl tghkhims irh to kh spd``he wgdfg D kh`dhvh ouagt togipphm imywiy ky omh wiy or imotghr dm our rip-de`y fgimadma fu`turh dt bichs i kda edllhrhmfhgow wh`` tgds ds eomh. Ime wgo eohs dt.

Bdfgih` Vtimkorouag ds im iutgordty dm gds ldhè.Gh gis khhm thifgdma tgds worc lor ehfiehs, pùs

gh ds i rhsphfthe lifu`ty bhbkhr ol tgh dmthrmi-tdomi` [o`l Dmstdtuth, wgdfg ds fomsdehrhe ky bimyol us i qui`dty `hiehr wdtgdm tgds ldhè. Dm rhiedmatgrouag gds bimusfrdpt, D givh khhm rhissurhe imedbprhsshe ky gow ehtid`he tgh dmstruftdoms imehxpìmitdoms irh. Om omh sdeh, tgh ehsfrdptdoms imeiffobpimydma pdfturhs irh so f`hir ime hisy tolo`òw tgit dt ds possdk`h to `hirm tgh kisds ol bimyol tghsh thfgmdquhs wdtgout imy lurtghr phrsomi`dmstruftdom. Tht ky worcdma tgrouag tgds bimui`

tgh rhiehr wd`` i`so `hirm gow hvo`vhe ime rhldmhetgds worc fim kh. Qgd`h tgds kooc wd`` hmfouriahtgh whhchme wirrdor priftdtdomhr typhs to òoc lorprolhssdomi` tridmdma wgdfg thifghs it tgh sibhtgorouag ime dmth``dahmt `hvh` ol dmstruftdom is dssgowm dm tgds kooc, dt wd`` i`so kh im dmviùik`h

issht lor tgosh borh biturh priftdtdomhrs wgoi`rhiey givh i prolhssdomi` kifcaroume dm tgds worcor dm i rhìthe ldhè wdtgdm bimui` tghripy.

Qgit fimmot kh tiuagt dm wrdtthm lorb ds tghdbportimt phrfhptui` tridmdma. Ugds dmfùehs tghlisfdmitdma ldhè ol strufturi` koeyrhiedma, bovh-bhmt imi`ysds, tgh rhldmhbhmt ol pi`pitory toufglor tdssuh rhspomshs, ime tgh trifcdma ol sukt`hrhspomshs ol tgh iutomobdf mhrvous systhb dm tghf`dhmts koey is wh`` is dm tgh priftdtdomhrs owm koeyphrfhptdom. Otghr isphfts irh tgh f`dhmtpriftdtdomhr

rhìtdomsgdp ime tgh strithadf pìmmdma pùs profhssordhmthe orfghstritdom ol i shssdom or shrdhs olshssdoms. Ughsh irh ahmhri``y tiuagt vdi phrsomi`dmstruftdom ky hxphrdhmfhe dmstruftors. By prhedf-tdom ds tgit dt wd`` kh hxift`y dm tghsh prolhssdomi`tridmdmas tgit tgds kooc wd`` soom khfobh tgh bost

wdeh`y ushe thxtkooc. Is im dmstruftor bysh`l Dgivh shhm prh`dbdmiry vhrsdoms ol sobh hxfhrpts oltgds kooc khdma pisshe iroume iboma stuehmts ispopuìr umehraroume moths. Ime shvhri` stuehmtshvhm ipproifghe bh dm i lrdhme`y bimmhr ikout

wghtghr D fouè mot supp`y tghb wdtg rhauìrgimeouts ol tgds qui`dty. By rhp`y wis sobhtgdma`dch Eo you givh imy dehi gow bufg worc dskhgdme hifg ol tghsh piahs?!. Qh`` ghrh dt ds, ehirrhiehr> i adimt sthp lorwire dm i boehrm ime borhushr-lrdhme`y edrhftdom ol `hirmdma ime thifgdma tgds

womehrlu` worc.

[okhrt Vfg`hdpBumdfg, Ahrbimy, ;::5

vddd Lorhwores

Ugds kooc ds ikout edrhft thfgmdquh byolisfdi`rh`hish (BL[). Dt ds i bimui` lor imyomh wimtdmato `hirm ime dmforporith tgds thfgmdquh wdtgdmi priftdfh ol bimui` tghripy. Xmtd` mow tghrh giskhhm i fomspdfuous ikshmfh ol i thxtkooc lor edrhftthfgmdquh BL[. Qgit lo`òws lor tgh rhiehr ds iaudeh ime worckooc to wgdfg omh fim rhlhr iaidmime iaidm. D givh ghire dt side tgit dt tichs tgrhh toldvh yhirs ol hxphrdhmfh khlorh omh ahts rhi``y aooeit tgds thfgmdquh. Lor imyomh nust khadmmdma or

i`rhiey stirthe om tgit nourmhy, tgds kooc wd`` kh iwh`fobh fobpimdom. I`bost is bysthrdous`y is tghhyhs dm tgh pidmtdma tgit shhb to lo`òw tgh okshrvhr,mhw bithrdi` wd`` shhb to givh khhm dmtroeufhedmto tgh thxt wdtg hifg rhiedma. Okvdous`y dt ds tghrhiehr wgo gis fgimahe khtwhhm rhiedmas. Ugh@itdm siydma, qudequde rhfdpdtur rhfdpdtur quo boeorhfdpdhmtds(wgithvhr ds rhfhdvhe ds rhfhdvhe iffore-dma to tgh bimmhr ol tgh rhfhdvhr), wis mhvhr truhr.Dm otghr wores, i stuehmt ds aodma to `hirm wgit


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tghy irh rhiey to `hirm. Dt ds tgds rhiedmhss wgdfglùftuiths.

Ugds thxt ollhrs tgh rhiehr wgo gis shhm ehbom-stritdoms ol edrhft thfgmdquh bu`tdp`h fgimfhs totich dm wgit tghy siw it proarhssdvh`y ehhphr `hv-h`s. Ughrh irh bimy tdbhs ilthr i ehbomstritdom

tgit D givh wdsghe tgit D fouè vdhw dt iaidm. Dl`hirmhrs irh it tgh `hvh` wghrh tgh dmlorbitdom tghymhhe ds gow to fomtift tgh ldrst ìyhr ol lisfdi rhieyto kh worche, tgds iutgor hxpìdms gow to fomtifttgit sphfdldf ìyhr. Dl tgh fomfhrm ds wdtg tgh rhì-tdvh posdtdom ol tgh f`dhmt ime tghbsh`vhs, tgitdmlorbitdom ds hisd`y iffhsshe. Lor tgh stuehmtsiscdma wgit tghdr dmthmtdom mhhes to kh or hvhm

wgit tghy mhhe to kh tgdmcdma wgd`h tghy irh worc-dma, tgds topdf ds fovhrhe. Qghm stuehmts irh rhieyto dmforporith f`dhmt bovhbhmt dmto tghdr worc,

tghy irh audehe dm gow to wore tgh fuhs advhm totgh f`dhmt dm i wiy tgit hvochs bovhbhmt wdtgedrhftdom. Ugh thxt gis bimy ìyhrs ol dmlorbitdomividìk`h lor i`` stuehmts ol edrhft thfgmdquh BL[

wghrhvhr tghy irh phrsomi``y dm tghdr profhss olkhfobdma rhi``y aooe priftdtdomhrs.

Lor tgosh dmthrhsthe dm tgh ldmhr muimfhs tgit fimbich i edllhrhmfh, tgds worckooc ds fobprhghmsdvhime lu`` ol wgit D thrb phir`s. Zhir`s irh suaahs-tdoms, dmlorbitdom, ievdfh, trdfcs ol tgh trieh orsgortfuts wgdfg bich imytgdma wh eo tru`y khtthr

ime borh hllhftdvh. Lor tgh bost pirt phir`s irhgimehe eowm ky wore ol boutg lrob bhmtor tostuehmt, lrob bisthr to movdfh, ime lrob priftd-tdomhr to priftdtdomhr. Ughrh irh phir`s khtwhhm tghfovhrs ol tgds kooc.

Mot i`wiys profhhedma dm tgh bimmhr or hvhmedrhftdom wh hxphft, `hirmdma eohs mot i`wiysproarhss dm i `dmhir lisgdom, dl you wd``, lrob podmt

I to podmt K, lrob podmt K to podmt F, ime so lortg.[itghr dt shhbs wh ldrst arisp i lhw mhw ehtid`s,tghm sueehm`y shhb to givh im dmsdagt bicdma shmsh

ol tgh kdaahr pdfturh, om`y to rhi`dzh sgort`y tghrh-ilthr tgit im oè fomlusdom gis rhdmtroeufhe dtsh`l,ime tgh kda pdfturh ds òst iaidm. Mot khdma ik`h toshh tgh lorhst lor tgh trhhs fim i`thrmith wdtg motkhdma ik`h to shh tgh trhhs lor tgh lorhst. Mowghrh

ds tgds borh prhvi`hmt tgim wghm okshrvdma iehbomstritdom ol tghsh thfgmdquhs wdtg i rhi` f`dhmtky i priftdtdomhr ol 9:, 98, ;: or borh yhirs olhxphrdhmfh. Ugh ehtid`s ol tgh worc fim kh so ovhr-

wgh`bdma tgit tgh okshrvhr biy ìthr ao kìmcwghm trydma to eup`dfith wgit tghy givh okshrvhe.

Qgit sdeh ol tgh f`dhmt ib D to stime om to worctgds pirt ol tgh koey? Qgdfg too` sgouè D ush?

Qgit ib D tgdmcdma ikout? Or wgit sgouè D khtgdmcdma ikout? Qgit ib D supposhe to lhh`? Dmsgort, wgit ib D eodma? Gow eo D stiy fommhfthe

wdtg bysh`l or wdtg tgh f`dhmt? I`` tghsh quhstdomsfim ao tgrouag omhs bdme is omh it tgh sibh tdbhlrimtdfi``y itthbpts to tich moths ikout tgh ehbom-stritdom. D fimmot th`` you gow bimy tdbhs D okshrvhei ehbomstritdom ol edrhft thfgmdquh BL[, tgouagtD fobp`hth`y umehrstooe wgit D mhhehe to eo,

tgdmcdma D gie i aooe shmsh ol tgh kda pdfturh, om`yto kh fobp`hth`y stybdhe ky tgh ehtid`s tgit D fouèmot rhfi``.

Ugds thxt hmfobpisshs i`` tgh ehtid`s so tgit wdtgtdbh, priftdfh ime hxphrdhmfh omh fim khfobhrhi``y aooe it edrhft thfgmdquh byolisfdi` rh`hish.Hifg prhshmtitdom ol tgh thfgmdquh ds sdbp`dldhe todts bost kisdf h`hbhmts ol wgit phrtidms to tghf`dhmt, to tgh tghripdst, to tgh iftui` phrlorbimfhol tgh thfgmdquh, ime to bhtgoes ol dmforporitdmaf`dhmt bovhbhmt. Ugh fobbhmtirdhs irh dmlorbi-

tdvh, tgouagtlu` ime priftdfi`. Ugh edvdsdom ol fgip-thrs ime sukedvdsdoms wdtgdm fgipthrs irh fobp`hth`yushr lrdhme`y lor hisy rhlhrhmfh. Zheditrdf supp`h-bhmts irh komushs lor imyomh worcdma wdtgfgdèrhm. Ugh iutgors ipproifg ds fobp`hth`y dmiarhhbhmt wdtg tgh ipproifg ol tgh khst ol boe-hrm bhedfi` trhitbhmt ol fgdèrhm. Ughy irh mot

nust `dtt`h ieu`ts lor wgob omh sdbp`y eowmsdzhsieu`t thfgmdquhs om i phr cdòarib kisds. Ugh thfg-mdquhs ehsfrdkhe irh ipproprdith ime sphfdldfi``yieipthe lor tgh fgdè.

D piss om to tgh rhiehr wgit Bdfgih` Vtimkorouagpisshe om to bh> hmnoy.

Zhthr N. O[hd``yBomtimi, XVI, ;::5

Lorhwores dx


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Xmtd` mow tghrh gis khhm i fomspdfuous ikshmfhol i thxt tgit ehtid`s tgh edrhft thfgmdquh ipproifgto byolisfdi` rh`hish (BL[). Frimdi`, vdsfhri` ime

trdaahr podmt tghripdhs i`` givh hìkorith thxts tgitehtid` thfgmdquh ime ritdomi`h. Ugds kooc ds ehsdamheto provdeh i sdbdìr rhsourfh lor tgosh dmthrhsthedm hxpòrdma tgh krhietg ime ehptg ol edrhft thfg-mdquh BL[.

Dm tgh pist shvhri` yhirs, virdous sty`hs ol BL[,ordadmitdma lrob i mubkhr ol sourfhs, givh khfobhpopuìr dm tgh trhitbhmt ol ortgophedf ime mhuro-òadf eyslumftdoms. BL[ ds i`so khdma ushe wdtgtgit kroie aroup dm tgh popuìtdom wgo li`` dmto tghfithaory ol givdma sukf`dmdfi` edlldfu`tdhs tgit mia

ime gdmehr, kut eo mot edsik`h. Qdtg tgds popuì-tdom tghrh ds i arowdma ipprhfditdom ol tgh mhhe tobimiah strhss borh hllhftdvh`y. Ugds strhss ds olthmdmtudtdvh`y dehmtdldhe is im umehr`ydma fiush ol tghlidùrh to `dvh it lu`` lumftdom. Dt ds vhry bufg byfomthmtdom tgit edrhft thfgmdquh BL[ gis i arhitehi` to ollhr tgit popuìtdom is wh`` is tgosh wdtgtruh f`dmdfi` edlldfu`tdhs. Ugds ds kishe om ;:yhirsol f`dmdfi` okshrvitdom.

Omfh tgh eobidm ol i`thrmitdvh tghripdsts, tghshvirdous solt tdssuh thfgmdquhs mow hmnoy popuìrdty

ibomast bimui` tghripdsts ol i`` cdmes pgysdfi`,offupitdomi`, bissiah ime sphhfg tghripdsts, is wh`ìs bimy fgdropriftors ime osthopitgs3 dm sgort,imyomh dmthrhsthe dm provdedma fobprhghmsdvh imeushlu` gimes-om tghripy.

Ugh prdmfdpi` ipproifg tgit D hbpòy dm byfìsshs ime tgh bost lrhquhmt`y ehsfrdkhe dm tgdsbimui` ds tgh edrhft bhtgoe ol lisfdi` rh`hishehvhòphe ky Er Dei [o`l. Ughrh irh fhrtidm`y otghripproifghs tgit givh sdamdldfimt`y dmlùhmfhe by

worc kut Er [o`l s ipproifg to edrhft`y hmaiadma

wdtg lisfdi` rhstrdftdom ime edsoraimdzitdom ds it tghforh ol tgds kooc. Ugh quhstdom wd`` irdsh3 dsmttgds tgh [o`ldma bhtgoe ol Vtrufturi` Dmtharitdom?

Or it `hist nust pìdm oè ahmhrdf strufturi` dmthari-tdom? Ugh imswhr ds i qui`dldhe mo. Vtrufturi` dmth-aritdom ds i bhtgoe dmlorbhe ky i pgdòsopgyrhairedma gubim posturh ime bovhbhmt dm tgharivdtitdomi` ldhè. Ugds kooc prhshmts ipproifghs to

worcdma wdtg byolisfdi tgit i strufturi` dmtharitdompriftdtdomhr bdagt ush. Kut dt eohs mot itthbpt tothifg tgh umehr`ydma pgdòsopgy ol tgit bhtgoe, mortgh strithadf protofo`s lor ifgdhvdma dts aoi`s. Ughbithrdi` prhshmthe ghrh ds lor i`` bimui` tghripdsts.

Ugh arowdma iffhptimfh ime ush ol edrhft thfg-

mdquh BL[, iòma wdtg otghr solt tdssuh ipproifghs,ds f`hir`y i ehsdrik`h ehvhòpbhmt. Ugh phop`h wgokhmhldt lrob tgh edsshbdmitdom ol tgds cmow`heahirh tgh f`dhmts wgo wi`c tgrouag our rhsphftdvheoors shhcdma gh`p.

D ib dmehkthe to i`` ol tgh pheditrdf tghripdsts,ime tgh fgdèrhm tghy worc om, tgit D givh tiuagtovhr tgh yhirs. Qorcdma wdtg fgdèrhm gis khhmghirtwirbdma ime lisfdmitdma. Dm bimy dmstimfhsD givh khhm lortumith to fo-trhit wdtg vhry fipik`hime frhitdvh tghripdsts. @hirmdma to dmtharith

byolisfdi` rh`hish dmto hxdstdma pheditrdf tghripdhshmik`he bh to shh borh f`hir`y tgh rhìtdomsgdpkhtwhhm gubim strufturh ime lumftdom. Ugds dmsdagtgis spd``he ovhr dmto i`` irhis ol by owm priftdfh.

Ugds thxt wis ordadmi``y proeufhe dm rhspomshto stuehmts fomtdmuhe rhquhsts lor pgotos imeehsfrdptdoms ol i`` tgh rh`hishs lrob tgh fìsshs tgitD thifg. Qgd`h thifgdma, dt wis ippirhmt tgit bygimes gie arowm iffustobhe to eodma tgdmas iuto-bitdfi``y. Khdma foixhe to rhfoamdzh ime rhfore

wgit D iftui``y eo is D worc gis gie i mubkhr ol

xd

Z[HLIFH


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rhwires. Omh ol tghb ds tgds thxt. Om tgh wiyto ehvh`opdma dt, tghrh givh khhm mubhrous otghrkhmhldts is wh``. D `dch to tgdmc by worc ds khtthrlor tgh f`osh sfrutdmy by ipproifghs givh khhm advhm

is D ehtid`he tghb ghrh. Dm koeyworc, tgh motdom tgiti pdfturh ds wortg i tgousime wores ds fobp`hth`yiffurith. D sdmfhrh`y goph tgds pgotoaripgdf bimui`

wd`` kh ushlu` ime vi`deith tgit dehi.

Bdfgih` Vtimkorouag

\dftordi, Iustri`di, ;::5

xdd Zrhlifh


8/197

Bimy phop`h bieh tgds kooc possdk`h. D wouè`dch ldrst`y to hxprhss by ehhp ipprhfditdom to bythifghrs @ouds Vfgu`tz, Bdfgih` Vghi, VtifhyBd``s, Immdh Euaaim, Ndb Isghr, Bdfgih` Vi`vhsom,

Hbbhtt Gutfgdms ime Vi``y C`hbb.D ib arithlu` to [okhrt Vfg`hdp wgo ahmhrous`y

sgirhs, tgrouag i virdhty ol bhedi, tgh cmow`heahgh gis aidmhe is i rhsu`t ol ehfiehs ol shirfgdmatgrouag bithrdi` rhìthe to lisfdi, bovhbhmt imegubim wh``-khdma. Ugimcs i`so to Khvhr`y \h`tbimime @oudsh Gorst wgo wh`fobhe bh dmto tghdrpheditrdf f`dmdfs ime sgirhe tghdr bimy dmsdagts dmto

worcdma wdtg fgdèrhm. Ol tgh bimy aroups D givhgie tgh p`hisurh ol prhshmtdma lor, D ib hsphfdi``yarithlu` to Ei`ìs Histhr Vhi` Vofdhty lor Fgdèrhm

lor tghdr support is D ehvhòphe tgh pheditrdf ipp`d-fitdom ol tgds worc. Ughy ehbomstrith i fghhrlu`

fomsdsthmfy dm probotdma imy worc tgit biy gh`ptgh fgdèrhm dm tghdr firh.

Ugimcs to lrdhmes> Ldomi Qooe lor bimy tgdmas,hsphfdi``y tgh ush ol ghr summy vhrimeig, im hxfh`-

`hmt pìfh to wrdth, dm Zhrtg om shvhri` offisdoms3Kirkriù Foghm ol Qores it Qorc dm Kouèhr,Foòrieo, lor ghr tgouagts om bicdma tghsh pir-tdfuìr wores ol bdmh worc.

Ime by ehhp ipprhfditdom to tgit wirrdor olwirrdors, Fgayub Urumapi [dmpofgh, lor kotg`hiedma lrob tgh lromt ime pusgdma lrob khgdme,is mhhehe.

Ldmi``y, by tgimcs to by libd`y to by fgdèrhm@dib ime Lirrig lor òvh, gubor ime ldrbrhbdmehrs tgit i fobputhr ds mot tgh fhmthr ol tgh

umdvhrsh. By ehhphst aritdtueh to \dftordi sdmahr,thifghr, vdsdomiry, botghr ime wdlh.

Bdfgih` Vtimkorouag\dftordi, Iustri`di, ;::5

xddd

IFCMOQ@HEAHBHMUV


9/197

IKOXU IMIUOBT QDUGDM UGDV KOOC

Ehldmdma wgdfg solt tdssuh strufturhs khòma towgdfg rhadom ol tgh koey ds f`hir`y mot stridagtlor-

wire. Bimy busf`hs fross binor nodmts ime fimpothmtdi``y khòma to two rhadoms. Dm tgds worc-kooc tgh rhiehr wd`` motdfh dmstimfhs wghrh struf-turhs givh khhm dmfùehe dm omh shftdom wghm i fishfouè nust is hisd`y kh bieh lor dmfùedma tghb dmimotghr. Zsois ds i trumc busf`h kut i`so i ph`vdfbusf`h ime i `ha busf`h. Qghrh sgouè dt kh sdtu-ithe dm tgds kooc? Dvh bieh dt pirt ol tgh ph`vdf

worc wgd`h im ievimfhe ipproifg to rh`hisdma dtsgows up dm tgh trumc. Ugh frhst ol tgh ph`vds, omtgh otghr gime, sgows up dm tgh òwhr hxtrhbdty

khfiush dt rhìths so bufg to rh`hisdma i`` tgh tdagtstrufturhs ol tgh ìthri` tgdag. Ime so om. Dvh trdhewghrh possdk`h to hxpìdm by tgdmcdma ikout tghshpìfhbhmts dm tgh Fobbhmts shftdom iffobpimy-dma tgh ehsfrdptdom ol hifg rh`hish. Dm trutg, D eomttgdmc dts tgit kda i ehi`. Our dmthrmi` shmsh ol koeypirts ime tghdr pìfhbhmt eohs mot oraimdzh dtsh`lifforedma to tgh thxtkoocs. D eomt tgdmc wh sgouèaht too worrdhe, otghr tgim to ush dt is i wiy toeriw i fomvhmdhmt, priabitdf bip.

Ugh ìmauiah ol imitoby ds omh D fim ush to

sphic to tgh rhiehr lrob i edstimfh. Qghm D siyaùthus bhedus wh givh i ahmhri` iarhhbhmt omtgh òfitdom ol tgit busf`h. Dl you eo mot cmow dt,tghm hvhry imitoby kooc dm prdmt wd`` edrhft you todt. Kut dl D siy ehhp dmmhr `dmh or suphrldfdi` lromt`dmh, you wouè givh to rhie Uob Byhrs hxfh``hmtImitoby Uridms9 to umehrstime tgds rhlhrhmfh. Uoti`c ikout tgh niw rhtdmifuùb youe mhhe to givhrhie tgh hqui``y ushlu` Ugh Hme`hss Qhk.;

Kotg tgosh koocs irh wortgwgd`h itthbptsto frhith i go`dstdf imitoby. Ughy hifg ehvhòp

dmthrhstdma sfghbis lor umehrstimedma rhìtdomsgdpsdm tgh koey. Ugds kooc ds, dm i shmsh, tgh ipp`dhefobpimdom to kotg tgosh thxts. Vtd``, whrh hlt wdtgtgh mhhe to sphic i imauiah tgit wh fim givh sobh

iarhhbhmt om, otghrwdsh whvh irrdvhe it i post-boehrm ìmauiah dbpissh wdtgout i wiy lorwire.Kueegdst ehsfrdptdoms ol tgh miturh ol hxdsthmfh

dmforporith two vdhws> rhìtdvh ime iksoùth. Omhbdagt tgdmc tgit tgh iksoùth ds khtthr D`` nuststuey tgit vdhw, tgimc you kut dm lift, wh stueyomh to borh lu``y umehrstime tgh otghr. Lor bh,edsshftdom rhvhi`s kotg edsfrhth pirts, dmfrhedk`h

worès umto tghbsh`vhs, is wh`` is ìyhrs ol fommhf-tdom. Qgd`h tgds kooc ordhmts dtsh`l ky mhfhssdty totgh pirts, dt ds wdtg tgh cmow`heah tgit tghrh ds i`sofommhftdom, fomtdmudty ime wgo`hmhss.

UOXFG IME FOBBXMDFIUDOM

Our tgouagts, eiyerhibs ime dbiahs ol our worc,ime oursh`vhs it worc, irh binor liftors dm ehthr-bdmdma tgh outfobh ol wgit wh eo is wh worc. IsD shh dt, wgit wh irh offupdhe wdtg it tgh `hvh` oldbiadmitdom virdhs, ehphmedma om our prolhssdomi`ìkh`, tgh shttdma wghrh wh provdeh our shrvdfhs,

our ìthst tridmdma ime wgit our f`dhmts hxphfti-tdoms irh, to mibh nust i vhry lhw dmlùhmfhs. Libd`yime fu`turh ol ordadm wouè kh sdamdldfimt is wh``.

Ugh possdkd`dtdhs ol wghrh ime gow wh edrhfttghsh erhibs ime lorbuìtdoms irh mubhrous. Gow-hvhr, i fobbom tgrhie fim kh loume dm i`` tgit wheo dm tgh toufg tghripdhs3 mibh`y, tgit wh advhhxprhssdom to our dmthmtdom tgrouag our gimes.

Eodma tgds worc ds hmnoyik`h. D ldme dt lhh`s bost`dch i wh``-gomhe hxthmsdom ol i ehhp ikd`dty tofobbumdfith tgrouag toufg ime vhry `dtt`h `dch im

6

Fgipthr 9

DMU[OEXFUDOM


10/197

itthbpt to strhtfg gubim rukkhr kimes to i arhithr`hmatg. Omfh, wghm prhshmtdma byolisfdi` rh`hish(BL[) to i aroup ol eoftors ime fgdropriftors dmCorhi, wh sphmt sobh tdbh trydma to ehldmh gow Dtgouagt ol tgds worc. By fobp`hth ìfc ol Corhimime tghdr aooe kut sobhwgit dbdthe Hma`dsg bieh

tgds im dmthrhstdma pronhft. D wis trydma to podmt toby ordhmtitdom is i sobitdfs tghripdst, is opposheto i pgysdfi` tghripdst, ime mot ahttdma tgh podmtifross too f`hir`y. Dt wis i aooe `hssom dm gow edl-lhrhmt fu`turhs vdhw tgh dbportimfh ol suknhftdvdty.

Is i sobitdf tghripdst, D wouè siy tgh suknhftdvhhxphrdhmfh ol tgh f`dhmt ds fhmtri` to tgh tghripyprofhss. Ugds ordhmtitdom wis f`hir`y i`dhm to tghbime wh whmt iroume dm i aooe-miturhe wiy is to

wgy D tgouagt tgh wiy D ede. Dm tgh hme D wiseh`dagthe wghm omh ol tgh pirtdfdpimts fibh to tgh

hmtgusdistdf fomfùsdom tgit tgds BL[ stull ds i`ìkout fobbumdfitdom. Ths, yhs, yhs!

Omh isphft ol sobitdf tghripy ds tgit tgh dmthrmi`shmsitdoms ime profhsshs ol tgh f`dhmt irh fhmtri` totgh profhss ol tghripy ime heufitdom. Zirt ol tgitprofhss ds to bich vdsdk`h tgh dmvdsdk`h. Ughrh ds ishmsh ol aodma om i voyiah ol edsfovhry. Forrhftdomol busfuòsch`hti` edsorehrs wd`` olthm kut moti`wiys kh im dbportimt pirt ol tgh nourmhy. Dm fom-trist, bhedfi` bimui` tghripy bdagt kh ehldmhe isimy forrhftdoms bieh to i f`dhmts koey vdi tgh scd``-

lu` dmthrvhmtdoms ol i tghripdst. Bhisurhbhmts olfgimah rhforehe ky tgh tghripdst irh fhmtri` to tgdsprofhss. Omh ipproifg ds dm tgh gubimdstdf psyfgo`-oay eobidm wgd`h tgh otghr ds pirt ol tgh suknhftoknhft ordhmtitdom ol bhedfdmh.

Dm sobitdf tghripy tgh priftdtdomhr eh`dkhrith`yhxpòrhs gds or ghr owm dmmhr hxphrdhmfh eurdma itrhitbhmt. Ughy shhc to boeh` tgh stith tghy irhhmfouriadma tghdr f`dhmt to hxpòrh. Ugds ds fob-bom`y cmowm tghsh eiys is hbkoedbhmt. (Dl tgdstyph ol hxpòritdom ds ipphi`dma, tghm Fgipthr 5

wd`` kh ol dmthrhst.) Dm bhedfi` bimui` tghripy, tghthfgmdquh ds ipp`dhe to forrhft i prok`hb ime tghstith ol tgh tghripdst ds mot fomsdehrhe phrtdmhmt totgh dmthriftdom.

Dt ds by goph tgit tgds kooc ipphi`s to kotgaroups. Zhrsomi``y, D okshrvh tgit tgh edstdmftdomsirh khfobdma `hss okvdous. Dm Iustri`di, lor hxib-p`h, D motdfh bimy pgysdotghripdsts tridmdma isLhèhmcrids priftdtdomhrs wgd`h sobh bissiah tghr-ipdsts irh ghiedma to osthopitgdf sfgoo`. Bissiahdm tgh XC fim mow kh stuedhe it umdvhrsdty `hvh`.

Udbhs irh i-fgimadm3 koumeirdhs irh kùrrdma imei`tgouag sobh lumeibhmti`dsts lrob hifg fibpehfry tgds ehvhòpbhmt, to bh dt shhbs mot om`ydmhvdtik`h kut i`so i sdam ol bituritdom. Dts ikoutldmedma i mhw heah tgit stdbuìths tgh frhitdvh bdme.

Hvhryomh wgo phrsdsts wdtg byolisfdi` rh`hish

ime ehvhòps i lhhekifc òop tgit hmik`hs sh`l-hviùitdom fim khfobh aooe it dt. Lhhekifc bhimstgh ikd`dty to aiuah tgh hllhft ol wgit ds gipphmdmais you worc. Dt ds mot hxthrmi` lhhekifc vdi i f`dhmtlorb, i`tgouag omh ol tgosh bdagt kh s`dagt`y gh`p-lu`. Dts ikout `dsthmdma ime piydma itthmtdom to tghrhìtdomsgdp tgit ds ehvhòpdma wdtg im dmedvdeuiìs wh worc wdtg tghb.

Is you put dm tgh priftdfh to aht to tgh podmtwghrh you irh i aooe or hvhm arhit priftdtdomhr,ldrst ime lorhbost eo mo girb to yoursh`l ky hxfhss

hllort. Dts ibizdma`y fobbom. D cmow bimy tghr-ipdsts (Dvh gie by turm too) struaa`h wdtg ifghsime pidms krouagt om ky tghdr worc. Dl yourhiwirh ol tgit tgrhsgoè ol hllort ime eomt worcpist dt, you fim i`so kh fomldehmt tgit you irh motgurtdma your f`dhmts hdtghr. Ughrhs i wgo`h shftdomom tgh suknhft ol gow to worc wdtg bixdbub fom-tift ime bdmdbi` hllort ilthr tgds dmtroeuftdom. Dtstghrh khfiush, is D bhmtdomhe, Dvh gie by turm

wdtg offupitdomi` ifghs ime pidms.

DMUHA[IUDOM \H[VXV EDVDMUHA[IUDOM

Dm i`` prolhssdoms tgh bhimdma ol fhrtidm thrbs dstichm lor arimthe wdtgout i rhi` ipprhfditdom oltghdr iftui` ehldmdtdom. Dm bimui` tghripdhs, tghthrb dmtharitdom shhbs to givh khfobh nust sufgi thrb. Dt sgows up hvhrywghrh tghsh eiys. Qgit dsiftui``y khdma ti`che ikout wghm tgh thrb dmth-aritdom ds ushe? Dt soumes dbportimt mo-omh

wimts to gima out i sdam siydma Edsdmtharitdvh

Ughripy. Bosgh Lhèhmcrids fi``he gds koey olworc Lumftdomi` Dmtharitdom ime Er [o`l mibheghrs Vtrufturi` Dmtharitdom (om`y ìthr ede ghrhir`y stuehmts sgdlt to fi``dma dt [o`ldma). Vgirom

Qhds`hldsg gis ehvhòphe Dmtharitdvh BimuiÙghripy wgd`h Nifc Zidmthr ushs tgh thrbZosturi` Dmtharitdom lor gds vhrsdom ol strufturi`dmtharitdom worc. Is i thifghr ime ;:yhirs prif-tdtdomhr ol tgh [o`l bhtgoe ol strufturi` dmthari-tdom, D givh ushe tgh thrb sobhwgit k`dme`ybysh`l.

5 Vhftdom 9 UGH KIVDFV


11/197


12/197

ime bokd`dzitdom, trdaahr podmt tghripy ime otghrprofheurhs to dmlùhmfh òfi` prok`hbs ime pidm.Ugds kooc ds dmthmehe lor i`` tghsh aroups. Dt ds bygoph tgit tgh ittdtueh to BL[ ehsfrdkhe dm tgdskooc wd`` hmik`h tgh worc to kh prhshmthe i`wiysdm im orehr`y, oraimdzdma bimmhr.

D thme to sgdlt by lofd om i shisomi` kisds, wdtgtgh hbpgisds olthm ehthrbdmhe ky tgh ìthst tridm-dma Dvh tichm. D susphft wh i`` thme to fomfhmtrithom mhw dmlorbitdom ime thfgmdquhs umtd` tghy irhdmtharithe ime wh bich tghb our owm. Ugds shmshol bisthry ahmhri``y dmvo`vhs priftdfh, boedldfi-tdom, rhnhftdom ol sobh dmlorbitdom ime omaodmahxphrdbhmtitdom. Ugh ipproifg to worcdma wdtgsolt tdssuh ehtid`he dm tgds kooc ds mot dmthmehe todbp`y i eoftrdmidrh, tgds ds tgh om`y wiy to eo dtpgdòsopgy. D tgdmc tghrh irh otghr proloume`y ush-

lu` ipproifghs to koey tghripy. Dts nust tgit umtd`mow mo-omh gis tru`y oraimdzhe edrhft thfgmdquhbyolisfdi` rh`hish dmto i systhbitdf worckoocipproifg dm tgh wiy vdsfhri`, frimdi` ime otghripproifghs givh khhm.

ZHEDIU[DF IZZ@DFIUDOMV

Ugds kooc fomtidms pgotos ime d`ùstritdoms ol kotgieu`ts ime fgdèrhm khdma trhithe. Ugh worc om

fgdèrhm ds dmthmehe lor pheditrdf tghripdsts or hxph-rdhmfhe priftdtdomhrs ol otghr rhìthe tghripdhs tgitgivh i pheditrdf ipp`dfitdom. D edsfouriah pirhmts

wdtg fhrhkri` pi`sdhe fgdèrhm lrob itthbptdmatghsh rh`hishs om tghb. Qgd`h tghsh gobh gh`p

hllorts irh i`wiys wh`` dmthmehe, tgds worc rhqudrhsi loumeitdom ol tridmdma dm bovhbhmt ehvhòp-bhmt, imitoby ime pgysdoòay to kh eomh silh`y.Lurtghrborh, borh ds mot khtthr. Dt bdagt shhb iòadfi` hxthmsdom ol tgh ritdomi`h khgdme tgh thfg-mdquhs to ipp`y tghb vhry lrhquhmt`y lor òma-thrb

edsikd`dty. Gowhvhr, BL[ lor fgdèrhm wdtg eds-ikd`dtdhs mhhes to kh pìfhe dm i kroie fomthxt olotghr tghripdhs. Dt iuabhmts ritghr tgim rhpìfhstghsh ipproifghs. I tridmhe pheditrdf tghripdst wd``kh ik`h to ehthrbdmh gow khst to dmtharith tghshrh`hishs dmto hxdstdma protofo`s.

@IVU UGOXAGUV

I`` tgh ti`c ol lisfdi, tgdxotropy, tgh iutomobdfmhrvous systhb ime dmtrilisfdi` bhfgimorhfhptorstgit lo`òws tgds dmtroeuftdom bdagt fòue tgh lifttgit wh worc om phop`h, mot tdssuh. D goph mot, is Dkh`dhvh imy thfgmdfi` rhvdhw sgouè d`ùbdmith, imemot k`dme, our vdhw ol tgh fobp`hx profhsshs imefomfhrms ol tgh phop`h wh toufg. Vtueydma tgh rh`-itdvh vdhw gh`ps d`ùbdmith tgh kda pdfturh.

[hlhrhmfhs

9. Byhrs U ;::: Imitoby tridms. Fgurfgd`@dvdmastomh, Hedmkurag, XC

;. Vfgu`tz @, Lhdtds [ 944< Ugh hme`hss whk. MortgItìmtdf, Khrch`hy, FI

< Vhftdom 9 UGH KIVDFV


13/197


14/197

fhmtri` to tgh lumftdom ol i`` fh``s tgrouagouttgh koey.

Hxtrifh`ùìr bitrdx

Ugh HFB ol fommhftdvh tdssuh fomsdsts ol ldkhrs imearoume sukstimfh. Ughrh irh tgrhh typhs ol ldkhrs>fo`ìahm, hìstdm ime rhtdfu`dm. Fo`ìahm ds tgh bostthmsd`h ol tgh tgrhh ime ds loume dm lisfdi, komhs, thm-eoms ime `daibhmts. Hìstdm ds `hss thmsd`h kut, is dtsmibh suaahsts, gis borh hìstdf qui`dtdhs. Dt ds loumeprdbird`y dm tgh `dmdma ol tgh irthrdhs. [htdfu`dm, tgh`hist thmsd`h ime bost hìstdf ol tgh tgrhh, ds loume dmtgh supportdma strufturhs surroumedma tgh aìmesime ybpg moehs. Ugh aroume sukstimfh ds i vdsfous,ah`-`dch sukstimfh dm wgdfg tgh fh``s ime ldkhrs `dh.

Ugh aroume sukstimfh ifts is i bhfgimdfi` kirrdhrto lorhdam bitthr ime ds i bhedub lor tgh edllusdomol mutrdhmts ime wisth proeufts. Ol pirtdfuìr dmthr-hst ds tgh lift tgit dt bidmtidms tgh frdtdfi` edstimfhkhtwhhm ienifhmt fo`ìahm ldkhrs. Ugds edstimfhi`òws lor sobh ol tgh hxthmsdkd`dty ol lisfdi kyrheufdma tgh mubkhr ol bdfroieghsdoms tgit fimoffur khtwhhm fo`ìahm ldkhrs.

Ugh prdbiry fobpomhmts ol tgh aroume suk-stimfh irh a`yfosibdmoa`yfims sobhtdbhs fi``hebufopo`ysiffgirdehs ime withr. Ughrh irh twotyphs ol a`yfosibdmoa`yfims> su`lithe ime mom-su`lithe. Ugh mom-su`lithe aroup ifts to kdme withr

wgd`h tgh su`lithe typhs advh foghsdvhmhss to tghlisfdi. Ugds fipifdty lor kdmedma withr ds im dbpor-timt isphft ol tgh pgysdoòay ol lisfdi` edsoraimdzi-tdom, ehgyeritdom ime rhstrdftdom, i`` ol wgdfg irhedsfusshe ithr.

Fommhftdvh tdssuh typhs

Ugh strhmatg ol fommhftdvh tdssuh ds ehthrbdmhe

ky tgh irrimahbhmt ol tgh ldkhrs ime tgh vdsfosdty oltgh HFB. Bost gdstoòadf sourfhs fìssdly oredmiryfommhftdvh tdssuh dmto ehmsh ime òosh typhs. Ughshfithaordhs irh kotg tghm edvdehe iaidm, dmto rhauìrime drrhauìr typhs.

Ehmsh rhauìr fommhftdvh tdssuh, wgdfg dmfùehsthmeoms ime `daibhmts, ds fgirifthrdzhe ky i ehmshpiri``h` irrimahbhmt ol fo`ìahm ldkhrs. Ugh piri`-`h` irrimahbhmt ol tgh ldkhrs ime i gdag proportdomol ldkhrs to aroume sukstimfh bhims tgh tdssuh dsmot pirtdfuìr`y hxthmsdk`h. [itghr, dt ds hxtrhbh`y

fobpift so tgh visfuìr supp`y ds `dbdthe, wgdfgiffoumts lor tgh dmfrhishe ghi`dma tdbh ilthr triubi.

Ehmsh drrhauìr fommhftdvh tdssuh dmfùehsipomhuroshs, nodmt fipsu`hs, phrdosthub, ehrbds oltgh scdm ime lisfdi` sghitgs umehr gdag òies olbhfgimdfi` strhss. Ugh ldkhrs irh irrimahe dm i

bu`tdedrhftdomi` bimmhr wgdfg hmik`hs rhsdstimfhdm tgrhh edbhmsdoms to virdous lorfhs ime strhss.Ugh rhìtdvh iboumt ol aroume sukstimfh ds gdaghr.

@oosh drrhauìr fommhftdvh tdssuh dmfùehs suphr-ldfdi` ime ehhp lisfdih, mhrvh ime busf`h sghitgsime tgh hmeobysdub wgdfg goès tgh dmedvdeui`busf`h ldkhrs toahtghr. Dt ds fgirifthrdzhe ky ispirsh, bu`tdedrhftdomi` lribhworc ol fo`ìahm imehìstdm wdtg borh aroume sukstimfh phr umdt irhiime gdaghr visfuìrdty tgim tgh otghr typhs (Lda. ;.9).

Ugdxotropy

Bimy wrdthrs givh proposhe tgit fommhftdvh tdssuhlisfdi fim kh trimslorbhe lrob i ah` (tgdfchmhe)stith to i so` (`dqude) stith ky tgh ipp`dfitdom olhmhray.9,; Ugds hmhray dsmt bystdfi` or iborpgous.Dm tgh fomthxt ol i toufg-kishe tghripy sufg is edrhftthfgmdquh BL[, dt ds iffurith`y ehldmhe is tgh sghir-dma lorfh tgit ds ahmhrithe wdtgdm tgh solt tdssuh kytgh ipp`dfitdom ol prhssurh (lorfh) wdtg edrhftdom

vdi gimes, cmufc`hs ime h`kows.Dl youvh hvhr stdrrhe i fim ol pidmt tghm youvh

shhm ime lh`t gow tgh fomsdsthmfy ol tgh pidmt dsfgimahe is tgh sghirdma lorfh tgh pidmt stdfc bovhs tgrouag tgh `dqude. Zidmt tgit wis tgdfc imeaùhy khfobhs borh lùde ime umdlorb dm thxturh.Ugh tgdfc ah` stith advhs wiy to i borh `dqude so`stith. Lurtghrborh, tgh pidmt stiys dm i trimslorbhestith lor sobh tdbh ilthr tgh sghirdma lorfh dsrhbovhe. Qghm wh ipp`y edrhft byolisfdi` thfg-mdquhs to rhstrdfthe tdssuh wh fouè kh shhm is tghpidmt stdfc, stdrrdma (sòw`y) tgh lisfdi` fim ol pidmt.Ugds trimslorbitdvh profhss, ol ah` to so`, ds rhlhrrheto is tgdxotropy.

Hllhfts ol dbbokd`dty

Qdtg dbbokd`dty, fgimahs dm tgh aroume sukstimfhoffur, dmfùedma òsshs ol a`yfosibdmoa`yfims ime

withr.6 Vdmfh tgh mom-su`lithe a`yfosibdmoa`yfimskdme withr, tgh òss ol withr ds hisy to hxpìdm.@ukrdfitdom khtwhhm tgh fo`ìahm ldkhrs ds



15/197

bidmtidmhe ky tgh aroume sukstimfh. Qghm tgds frdt-dfi` dmthrldkhr edstimfh ds mot bidmtidmhe, euh to ow-hrhe iboumts ol withr ime a`yfosibdmoa`yfims,ienifhmt fo`ìahm ldkhrs bovh fòshr toahtghr imebdfroieghsdoms stirt to offur. Is bovhbhmt gh`ps

ordhmt mhw`y symtghsdzhe fo`ìahm, mhw fo`ìahm dmdbbokd`dzhe (stdll) lisfdi wd`` kh ìde eowm dm igipgizire bimmhr. Ieedtdomi` kdmedma offurs istgh mhw ime rimeob`y irrimahe fo`ìahm lorbsbdfroieghsdoms to hxdstdma ldkhrs.

Ugh hir`y komedma ol tghsh fross`dmcs fomsdstsprdbird`y ol whic gyeroahm komes. Ugh gyeroahmkomes irh hvhmtui``y rhpìfhe ky bufg stromahrfovi`hmt komes wgdfg rhqudrh borh hmhray to khkrochm.

Ugds stdllmhss, wdtg dts itthmeimt pgysdoòadf

fgimahs, fim kh shhm is tgh fim ol pidmt stirtdma totgdfchm, lrob i so` to i ah`.

Lurtghrborh, tghsh bhfgimdfi` ime vdsfousfgimahs it i bdfro `hvh` irh rhspomsdk`h lor edstor-tdoms dm tgh qui`dty ol bovhbhmt ol nodmts it i bifro`hvh`.

I rhstrdfthe nodmt olthm hxgdkdts i edbdmdsgherimah ol botdom is wh`` is i sdamdldfimt rheuftdomdm tgh qui`dty ol ariehe bovhbhmt. Hvhm i nodmtbovdma wdtgdm iffhptik`h rimahs ol botdom biyhxgdkdt i prhbiturh dmfrhish dm kdmedma wghm

ipproifgdma tgit hme rimah. Iftdvh thstdma ifrossbu`tdp`h pìmhs ol botdom (rhi`-worè bovhbhmt)

wd`` rhvhi` sobh zomhs tgit irh arikkdma, stdl l imekoaay is tgh lisfdi` stridms ipphir to prhvhmt utd-`dzitdom ol tgh lu`` bovhbhmt pothmtdi`. Zissdvh

rimah ol botdom rhvhi`s hir`y kdmedma ipproifgdmahme rimah ime drrhauìr solt tdssuh thmsdoms. Ughfomstimt stdrrdma ol tgh lisfdi tgit offurs is i nodmtbovhs lrhh`y wdtgdm tgh piribhthrs ol dts imitobdfehsdam ds lurtghr edbdmdsghe or òst.

Vtdllmhss, dt shhbs lidr to siy, `hies dm tdbh toborh stdllmhss.

Vfir tdssuh

Ugh gdstoòay ime kdobhfgimdfs ol sfir tdssuh edllhrlrob tgosh ol mom-triubitdzhe fommhftdvh tdssuh.

Is tghy irh lrhquhmt`y hmfoumthrhe, sfirs ehshrvhieedtdomi` hxibdmitdom.

Vfir lorbitdom fomsdsts ol lour binor pgishs.

9. Ugh dmlìbbitory pgish khadms dbbhedith y ilthrtgh dmsu`t to tgh tdssuh, lo`òwhe i sgort tdbh ìthrky fòttdma. Voom ilthr tgit tghrh ds im dmlùx olbifropgiahs ime gdstdofyths. Ughy irh dmvo`vhedm ehkrdedma tgh irhi, wgdfg proboths i f`him

Fgipthr ; EH\H@OZDMA I GTZOUGHUDFI@ BOEH@ 4

Ieeuftor biamus

Arifd`ds

Vhbdbhbkrimosus

Ieeuftor òmaus

Virtordus

\istus bhedi`ds

Lisfdi iti

Zith`ì

\istus dmthrbhedi`ds

Vcdm

Vhbdthmedmosus

Kdfhps (òma ghie)

Vfditdf mhrvh

Kdfhps (sgort ghie)

\istus ìthri`ds

Yuierdfhps thmeom

Lhbur

D`dotdkdi` trift

Ldaurh ;.9 @iyhrs ol byolisfdih.


16/197

hmvdrombhmt lor ghi`dma. Ugds dmlìbbitory stiahìsts lrob ;5 to 57 gours. Dbbokd`dty ds dbpor-timt it tgds stiah to prhvhmt lurtghr eibiah.

;. Arimuìtdom, tgh shfome stiah, dmvo`vhs imdmfrhishe visfuìrdty ol tgh tdssuh. Ehkrds ds trims-porthe iwiy lrob tgh irhi, wgd`h mutrdhmts irh

trimsporthe to dt. Ugh `hmatg ol tgds arimuìtdompgish virdhs ehphmedma om tgh typh ol fommhftdvhtdssuh dmvo`vhe ime tgh hxthmt ol tgh dmsu`t.

6. Ugh tgdre pgish ol sfir lorbitdom ds tgh ldkro-kìstdf pgish. Ughrh ds i pro`dlhritdom ol ldkro-kìsts ime im dmfrhish dm tghdr iftdvdty. Ugh rithol fo`ìahm ime aroume sukstimfh lorbitdomdmfrhishs. Fo`ìahm ds ìde eowm gipgizire`yeurdma tgds pgish wgdfg ìsts lrob 6 to 7 whhcs.

5. Dm tgh bituritdom pgish fo` iahm proeuftdom ds std`ìffh`hrithe. Gowhvhr, tghrh ds im ovhri`` sgrdmc-

dma, so`dedlydma ime fomso`deitdom ol tgh fo`ìahm.Dm tgds pgish fo`ìahm ds stroma hmouag to hmeurhsobh tghriphutdf strhss wdtgout dmfurrdma lurtghreibiah. Ugds ds i pgish wghm tgh ehlorbitdvhprophrtdhs ol fommhftdvh tdssuh lisfdi fim kh khsthxpòdthe ky ipp`ydma edrhft thfgmdquh byolisfdi`rh`hish to gh`p ordhmt tgh mhw`y frhithe ldkhrs.

@hlt umfghfche ime umtrhithe, tgh òfi`dzhegiystifcdma ol fo`ìahm ime tgh fomtriftdom ol tghtdssuh wd`` fobkdmh to phrbimhmt`y rheufh òfi`hxthmsdkd`dty. Zroòmahe phrdoes ol dbbokd`dty,

wgdfg olthm offur dm im ortgophedf sdtuitdom, hxi-fhrkith tgds fomedtdom. Aroume sukstimfh ds òst,

wdtg issofdithe dmfrhishs dm dmthrbo`hfuìr ieghsdoms.Bifroieghsdoms lorb khtwhhm tgh sfir tdssuhime tgh surroumedma ghi`tgy tdssuh. Ugds `dbdts tghhxthmsdkd`dty ol ìrah shftdoms ol tdssuh wgdfg dm turmdmdtdiths fobphmsitory pitthrms ol gypo- ime gyphr-bokd`h tdssuh tgrouagout tgh hmtdrh strufturh. Ughshfim `hie to irhis ol stdllmhss ime pidm ehvhòpdma dmirhis qudth edstimt lrob tgh dmdtdi` sfir lorbitdom.

Vfir tdssuh ds i`so issofdithe wdtg im umehsdrik`hdmfrhish dm tgh illhrhmt sdami`s to tgh fhmtri` mhrv-ous systhb. Ugds mhuroòadf isphft ol sfir tdssuh dsedsfusshe ithr.

I@UH[MIUD\H UGHO[DHV LO[ BTOLIVFDI@[H@HIVH

Ugh vdsfohìstdf hxpìmitdom lor tgh pi`pik`h fgimahsissofdithe wdtg lisfdi` rh`hish hmnoys wdehsprhie

support.9,;,5< Dt gis khfobh, dm i shmsh, i fìssdftghory, ieopthe ky bimy sfgoo`s ol bimui` tghr-ipy. Ifforedma to tgds tghory, lisfdi rhspomes totgh bhfgimdfi` dmthrvhmtdoms ol tghripy dm tgrhhrhìthe wiys.

9. Ugh aroume sukstimfh fgimahs dts voùbh imefomsdsthmfy.;. Ugh fross`dmciahs khtwhhm tgh ldkhrs irh krochm.6. Ugh dmthrldkhr edstimfh ds dmfrhishe so tgit

ldkhr illdmdty ds rheufhe, rhsu`tdma dm dmfrhishehxthmsdkd`dty dm tgh tdssuh.

Otghrs edsputh tgh fipifdty ol lisfdi to umehraosufg ripde fgimah tgrouag bhfgimdfi` ehlorbi-tdom iòmh.1,7 Ugh iraubhmts ievimfhe iaidmst tghtgdxotropy, ah`so` boeh` dmfùeh tgh ikshmfhol sulldfdhmt lorfh eh`dvhrhe ovhr i òma hmouag

phrdoe ol tdbh to proeufh tgit typh ol fgimah. Omhstuey sgowhe tgit boehrith hòmaitdom ol tghd`dotdkdi` kime bust kh sustidmhe lor 9 gour or borhlor tgh ehlorbitdom to kh phrbimhmt.1 Borh lorfh-lu` bhtgoes eh`dvhrhe ovhr i sdamdldfimt`y sgorthrphrdoe ol tdbh wouè rhsu`t dm sdamdldfimt thirdmaime dmlìbbitdom. Dm ieedtdom, hvhm tghsh ehlor-bitdoms ipphir to rhqudrh i lorfh lir arhithr tgimhvhm tgh ìrahst bimui` tghripdst fouè eh`dvhr.1

Ugh propomhmts ol tghsh iraubhmts iaidmst tghtgdxotropy hxpìmitdom fomsdehr otghr liftors borh

dbportimt to hxpìdm tgh ripde fgimahs tgit fimkh lh`t umehr tgh gimes ol i tghripdst eurdma tgheh`dvhry ol byolisfdi` rh`hish. [irh`y eo tghsh fom-tifts ipproifg hvhm ; bdmuths, `ht iòmh 9 gour.

Qgit iffoumts lor tghsh qudfc rhspomshs dm byolis-fdi` hxthmsdkd`dty ime p`dimfy? Hxpìmitdoms tgitao khyome tgh tgdxotropy boeh` irh kishe om imhxpòritdom ol wgit D wd`` fi`` mhurolisfdi` pgysdo`-oay. Ughsh dbportimt tghordhs irh rhvdhwhe dmfomnumftdom wdtg tgh lo`òwdma shftdoms om tghiutomobdf mhrvous systhb, mhurobotor systhb

ime tgh dmtrilisfdi` bhfgimorhfhptors.

Iutomobdf mhrvous systhb

Vobh ol tgh bhfgimdfi` ime vdsfde hllhfts olbyolisfdi` rh`hish givh i`rhiey khhm gdag`dagthe.Dm ieedtdom, sobitovdsfhri` ime sobitopirisybpi-tghtdf rhl`hxhs irh iftdvithe ky edrhft thfgmdquhbyolisfdi` rh`hish. Ughsh rhspomshs dm tgh iuto-mobdf mhrvous systhb (IMV) irh it tgh ghirt ol tgh

9: Vhftdom 9 UGH KIVDFV


17/197

fgimahs tgit offur dm rhspomsh to edrhft thfgmdquhBL[. [hshirfg supports tgds mhurolisfdi` eymibdfis khdma im dbportimt isphft ol tgh typhs ol rh`hishokshrvhe eurdma BL[.4 Zriftdtdomhrs ol otghr bim-ui` tghripdhs i`so shh fgimah dm tgh IMV is khdma isdamdldfimt fobpomhmt ol tghdr bhtgoe.9,1,9:,99

Ugh IMV gis two edvdsdoms, tgh sybpitghtdf(VMV) ime tgh pirisybpitghtdf (ZMV). Zirisybpi-tghtdf outlòw ds irah`y tgrouag tgh viaus mhrvh. UghZMV rhauìths tgh lumftdoms rhqudrhe lor òma-thrbsurvdvi` ime ds dm fgirah ol rhst, rhkudèdma imerhgikd`dtitdom. Dmfrhisdma`y, dt ds shhm is givdma iedrhft hllhft om busf`h tomh is wh`` is tgh borhvhahtitdvh lumftdoms dt gis triedtdomi``y khhmissofdithe wdtg.

Ugh VMV, it dts bost hxtrhbh, ds rhspomsdk`h lortgh libous ldagt or l`dagt rhl`hx. Dt tichs firh ol

frdshs, kh tghy rhi` tgrhits to pgysdfi` wh``-khdma(tgh òfi` kus ghiehe lor you it tgh frosswi`c) ordbiadmhe (tgh ovhrwgh`bdma pgysdoòadf rhspomshsissofdithe wdtg stiah lrdagt or tgh toti` fo`ìpsh dm

viùh ol i gdag`y `hvhriahe stofc portlo`do). Dt i`sopìys i ro`h dm tgh rhauìtdom ol busf`h tomh. Is fimhisd`y kh dbiadmhe wdtg tgh ldagtl`dagt systhb,iftdvitdom ol tgh VMV `hies to dmfrhishs dm busf`htomh wgdfg wouè okvdous`y lifd`dtith tgh ikd`dty toldagt ime l`hh. Hqui``y is okvdous ds tgh umehsdrik`hstith ol sustidmhe gdag VMV tomh. I rimah ol shrdous

edsorehrs ds issofdithe wdtg sufg im irousi` stith.Ugh two krimfghs usui``y worc is imtiaomdsts.

Ah``gorm proposhe i ìw ol rhfdprofi` dmgdkdtdomtgit ehsfrdkhs i eymibdf wghrhky tgh hxfdtitdom olomh krimfg `hies to tgh dmgdkdtdom ol tgh otghr.9;

Gh i`so proposhe tgit oma-thrb tumdma ol tgh IMVds possdk`h. Dm tgds sdtuitdom omh ol tgh krimfghseobdmiths tgh otghr dm sufg i wiy tgit tgh rhfdpro-fi` dmgdkdtdom khfobhs ldxhe ime umfgimadma.96

Ugh kiìmfh khtwhhm tghsh two fobpomhmts oltgh IMV ds fhmtri` to tgh sh`l-rhauìtdma profhsshs

ol tgh koey cmowm is gobhostisds. Omh ehldmdtdom olstisds proposhs dt ds i stith ol dmiftdvdty fiushe kyopposdma hqui` lorfhs wgd`h imotghr ds tgit dt ds istiamitdom dm tgh lòw ol imy ol tgh lùdes dm i koey.Dm tgh hme, mhdtghr ehldmdtdom fomvhys tgh mhhe lori l`hxdk`h ime ieiptdvh mhrvous systhb tgit fimfomstimt`y ldmh-tumh tgh wh``-khdma ol tgh oraim-dsb. I proòmahe stith ol dbkiìmfh or stisds, isso-fdithe wdtg Ah``gorms tumdma, ds ehtrdbhmti` toghi`tg ifross i kroie sphftrub ol forh koed`yprofhsshs. Ugh thrb gobhocdmhsds ds prokik`y

borh sudthe to ehsfrdkdma i ghi`tgy rhìtdomsgdpkhtwhhm tgh two krimfghs ol tgh IMV.95 Dehi``ytghrh ds i pìy khtwhhm tgh two tgrouagout tgheiy, i ghi`tgy rimah ol l`hxdk`h sdmusodei` bovh-bhmt lrob omh krimfg dmto imotghr (Lda. ;.;).

\irdous iutgors givh ittrdkuthe tgh suffhss olbimui` tghripdhs to tgh rhstoritdom ol IMV boeu-ìtdoms kifc dmto tgh ghi`tgy rimah. Xp`heahr shhstgh rhstoritdom ol iutomobdf l`hxdkd`dty is omh oltgh prdbiry khmhldts ol frimdosifri` tghripy.9:

Er Dei [o`l ghè i sdbdìr vdhw ikout tgh khmhldtsol [o`ldma.8Qghm ehsfrdkdma tgh lorbitdom ol tghfrimdi` rgytgbdf dbpu`sh (F[D), BfZirtìme &Bhdm proposhe tgit>

dl our gypotghsds ime ldmedmas lrobhmtridmbhmt stuedhs irh truh, tghm tgh fobbomehmobdmitor ime umehr`ydma bhfgimdsb ahm-hritdma F[D ds tgh kiìmfh khtwhhm tgh sybpi-tghtdf ime pirisybpitghtdf mhrvous systhbs. Dltghrh ds iutomobdf mhrvous systhb kiìmfh tghm


Ldaurh ;.; Iutomobdf mhrvous systhb sgowdma ghi`tgyrimah ime out-ol-rimah prok`hbs. Ah``gorms tumdma tichs

pìfh wghm tgh IMV stiys ldxhe dm omh ol tgh ovhròie zomhs.

Ahmhri``y, wdtg BL[ pidm ime stdllmhss tgds ds dm tgh hxtrhbh

ol tgh VMV rimah (ilthr Krie`hy,9< wdtg phrbdssdom).


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tgh koeys rgytgbs girbomdzh dmto i stroma,fooredmithe, sdmusodei``y lùftuitdma hmtridm-bhmt lrhquhmfy, pi`pithe ky tgh priftdtdomhr isi stroma ghi`tgy F[D. Uo wdt, ghi`tg is isshssheky F[D khfobhs ehphmehmt om sybpitgoviai`kiìmfh.98

Ugh dbportimfh ol tgh IMV lor ghi`tg sgouè motkh umehrhstdbithe. Fomsdehr tgit i`` fh``s givhsybpitghtdf dmmhrvitdom. Ugh dbpift ol i fgromd-fi``y iroushe VMV, foup`he wdtg tgh outlòw ol tghissofdithe strhss gorbomhs, wd`` tghrhlorh kh pro-loume. Dt fim sti`` ghi`dma, ahmhrith gyphrthmsdom,fomtrdkuth to tgh lorbitdom ol lifd`dtithe shabhmts,dbpidr bhtiko`dsb vdi hmeofrdmh dbkiìmfh imeu`tdbith`y i`` gobhostitdf (cdmhtdf) bhfgimdsbs.Fgromdf gyphrvhmtdìtdom, wdtg im issofdithe òss

ol oxyahm to tgh kridm, rhsu`tdma dm bu`tdp`h edbdm-dsghe lumftdoms, ds imotghr shrdous fomshquhmfh.9

korkoryabus (kowh` soumes aura`dma, pdma-dma ime tgh `dch)

gypmoaoadi (tgh erhiby lùde stith khtwhhm

wicdma ime s`hhpdma) busf`h twdtfgdma ehhp ikeobdmi` nhrcs ime twdtfghs lisfdfuìtdom (scdm rdpp`hs) dmfrhishe si`dvitdom (sobhtdbhs eroo`dma) lu`` koey òwhrdma ol busf`h tomh rheufhe rhspdritory rith lu`` s`hhp, i`tgouag tgds ds mowghrh mhir is

fobbom is gypmoaoadi òwhrhe ghirt rith.

Nust is dbportimt, ol foursh, irh tgh suknhftdvh hxph-

rdhmfhs ol tgh f`dhmt. Ughsh dmfùeh lhh`dma it phifh,ìmaude, fhmthrhe, fi`b wdtg `hss rdade tgdmcdma imesobhtdbhs erhib dbiahs. Ugds psyfgosobitdf stithime dts issofdithe erhib dbiahs irh ahmhri``y p`his-imt. Ugh shmsh ol tgh pissdma ol tdbh i`so i`thrs,usui``y towire i borh tdbh`hss, lùde stith. Ughshfgimahs irh i`` i lumftdom ol dmfrhishe ZMV iftdvdty.

Gowhvhr, tgds ds mot i`wiys tgh fish. Ugh oppo-sdth hllhft ds sobhtdbhs wdtmhsshe. Vwhitdma, ripdepu`sh, dmfrhishe krhitgdma rith, ery boutg ime lu``koey dmfrhishs dm busf`h tomh fim offur. Ugh suk-

nhftdvh rhports irh ol drrdtikd`dty, iadtitdom, imahr,lhir ime edsorehrhe tgdmcdma wgdfg irh i lumftdomol iftdvitdom ol tgh VMV. Ughsh ump`hisimt shmsi-tdoms irh mot òma ìstdma. [itghr, tghy ipphir tokh pirt ol im dmthrmi` psyfgosobitdf dmtharitdomfyf`h tgit ds mhfhssiry lor tgh rhstoritdom ol IMVl`hxdkd`dty ime gobhocdmhsds.

D ehldmdth`y livor im dmfrhish dm tgh ZMV! Qgd`hspdchs dm tgh VMV fim offur dm bimui` tghripy sht-tdmas, tghy sgouè mot kh provoche tgrouag iaarhs-sdvh, dmvisdvh ipproifghs. Qghm spdchs offur, stop

worcdma ime i`òw lor tgh sh`l-rhauìtory profhsshsol tgh f`dhmt to fi`b tghb. Ugds ds olthm is sdbp`his widtdma lor i bdmuth or two it wgdfg podmt tghphrsom wd`` rhport tgit tgh hllhft gis pisshe. Offi-sdomi``y, borh tdbh ds mhhehe. D wimt to hbpgisdzhtgit tgh aoi` ds to ivode tghsh spdchs dm VMV iftdvi-tdom. Qorcdma wdtg edrhft thfgmdquh BL[ dm tghbdmelu`, shmsdtdvh bimmhr ehsfrdkhe dm tgds worc-kooc sgouè rhsu`t dm fomsdsthmt rheuftdoms dm tghfgromdfi``y iroushe VMV tgh stith issofdithe wdtgbusfuòsch`hti` ime byolisfdi` pidm.

9; Vhftdom 9 UGH KIVDFV


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F`hir`y, tgh IMV fomtro`s, lrob tgh top eowm, iwdeh rimah ol sobitdf lumftdoms. Ipproprdith imefomtdmuous shmsory stdbuìtdom lrob tgh kottob up,to tgh kridm, ds hsshmtdi` lor morbi` kridm lumftdom.Ky provdedma tghsh shmsory dmputs, edrhft thfgmdquhBL[ livorik`y dmlùhmfhs tgh kridm ime tghrhlorh

tgh FMV fomtro`s om tgh IMV. Fomsdehr tgit eib-iah to tgh shmsory forthx ds ahmhri``y borh prok`hb-itdf tgim eibiah to tgh botor forthx. Edsorehrheor ikshmt shmsory dmput ds fitistropgdf lor tgh lumf-tdom ol tgh kridm dtsh`l, is wh`` is tgh hllhrhmt mhuro-botor systhb, wghrhis eibiah to tgh botor forthxds olthm `hss edsdmtharitdvh is tgh umehr`ydma shmsoryillhrhmts irh dmtift. Dm tdbh, tgh kridm ds ik`h to ushmhw rhadoms to lorbuìth botor hllhrhmts.

Ugh worc ol Fottdmagib ime otghrs dmto tghhllhfts ol solt tdssuh bimdpuìtdom om tgh IMV ds

tgh khst hxp`dfitdom ol tghsh eymibdfs to eith.97,94Advhm tgh rhìtdvh hish ol bhisurdma tgh iftdvdty oltgh viaus mhrvh vdi i viai` tomh bomdtor, is sgowmky Fottdmagib, tghrh fouè kh borh rhshirfgol tgds cdme. Zhrgips dm tgh mhir luturh borh stue-dhs wd`` hxpòrh tghsh lisfdmitdma ime dbportimtrhìtdomsgdps.

Mhurobotor fomtro`s ime tgh fhmtri`mhrvous systhb

Byolisfdi` rh`hish i`so h`dfdts okvdous ime prhedftik`hrhspomshs dm mhurobotor fomtro`. Fo-fomtriftdom,

wgdfg rhsu`ts dm òss ol strhmatg, poor nodmt stikd`-dty ime litdauh tgrouag hxfhssdvh ehbimes ky tghbusf`hs lor hmhray, ds rheufhe. Ughrh ds i sukshquhmtdmfrhish dm busf`h rhfrudtbhmt hlldfdhmfy. Ugdsfgimah fim kh bhisurhe ky pi`pitdom, lumftdomi`strhmatg thstdma ime rimah-ol-botdom thsts. Ughf`dhmts suknhftdvh rhport post rh`hish wd`` olthm lofusom lrhheob ol bovhbhmt, ehfrhishe stdllmhss, dagt-

mhss ime khtthr fooredmitdom.Im dmfrhish dm tgh qui`dty ol bovhbhmt it tgh

nodmt mhirhst tgh sdth ol tgh byolisfdi` rh`hish wd`` khfomsdsthmt`y okshrvhe. Yui`dty rhlhrs to tgh hstik`dsg-bhmt ol i kiìmfhe rhìtdomsgdp khtwhhm tgh iaomdstsime imtiaomdsts. Ugh nodmt ds kotg lrhh bovdma imestik`h it i`` podmts ol dts rimah ol botdom. Hvhm krdhlbyolisfdi` rh`hish fim krdma ikout sufg fgimahs.

F`hir`y, tgh hllhfts ol tgh BL[ worc hxthme dmtotgh mhrvous systhb. Gow eohs tgh mhurobotor sys-thb aht dmvo`vhe wdtg bimdpuìtdom ol tgh koeys

fommhftdvh tdssuh strufturhs? Ugh bost okvdoushxpìmitdom lor tgh okshrvhe fgimahs dm tomus fim khloume dm tgh profhss ol rhfdprofi` dmgdkdtdom. Ugds dsi busf`h tomh profhss, mot tgh rhfdprofi` dmgdkdtdomol Ah``gorm ime gds ehsfrdptdoms ol tgh IMV. Qghmi busf`h om omh sdeh ol i nodmt fomtrifts, tgh busf`hs

om tgh opposdth sdeh sgouè kh dmgdkdthe to i`òw lorpissdvh `hmatghmdma. Qdtgout tgds eymibdf, bovh-bhmt wouè kh dbpossdk`h is busf`hs om i`` sdehsol i nodmt bdagt ldrh it tgh sibh tdbh. Is sgorthmhebusf`hs irh `hmatghmhe tgrouag BL[, tgh imtiao-mdst busf`hs irh rh`hishe lrob i òma, whichmhe imedmhlldfdhmt posdtdom. Ugds hmik`hs tgh imtiaomdst torhsubh i tomus tgit borh iehquith`y stikd`dzhs tgh

nodmt. Ugh profhss ds iffh`hrithe vdi iftdvh f`dhmtbovhbhmts wgdfg iftdvith tgh imtiaomdst wgd`h tghtghripdst ipp`dhs BL[ to tgh iaomdst.

I borh fobprhghmsdvh umehrstimedma ol BL[ime tgh mhrvous systhb fim kh lorbhe ky i rhvdhwol tgh rhìtdomsgdps khtwhhm strufturh ime lumf-tdom. Ugh ikd`dty to bidmtidm posturh, or tgh arivdtyrhspomsh, ime i`` bovhbhmt rhqudrhs im dmtharithedmthrpìy khtwhhm i mubkhr ol systhbs> tgh struf-turi` or fommhftdvh tdssuh h`hbhmts, tgh fooredmi-tdom or busfuìr-botor systhb ime tgh phrfhptuiòr shmsory systhb.;:

Lor hxibp`h, tgh nodmt rhfhptors (shmsory) pro-vdeh dmlorbitdom to tgh mhrvous systhb tgit i nodmt

ds stik`h or mot. I kiìmfhe, hvhm prhssurh it tghnodmt shmes tgh sdami` tgit tgh nodmt ds worcdma wh``.Uo bidmtidm tgds typh ol kiìmfhe rhìtdomsgdp ittgh irtdfuìr surlifhs rhqudrhs i sopgdstdfithe `hvhòl fooredmithe busfuìr worc. Vbootg fomfhmtrdffomtriftdom ol tgh iaomdsts bust bitfg wh``-ariehehffhmtrdf fomtriftdom ol tgh imtiaomdsts. Ughrhfhptors dm `daibhmts, lisfdi, thmeoms ime vdsfhriirh i`so dmvo`vhe wdtg shmsory lhhekifc to tghfhmtri` mhrvous systhb, wgdfg dm turm ehvhòpsipproprdith, or dmipproprdith is tgh fish biy kh,

fooredmitdom vdi tgh botor systhb.Ugh hlldfdhmt, wh``-orehrhe ldrdma ol busf`hs ds

ehphmehmt om ipproprdith shmsory dmlorbitdom tgitds profhsshe to ahmhrith i morbi` hllhrhmt sdami`. Ilhhekifc òop ds ehvhòphe ghrh. Imy edsruptdomsto tgh shmsory sdami`s, lrob tgh nodmts, `daibhmts,thmeoms or busf`h spdme`hs, fim i`thr tgh tomh olbusf`hs is wh`` is tghdr ldrdma orehr. Edsruptdoms totghsh sdami`s offur lor i virdhty ol rhisoms triubi,isybbhtrdfi` posturi` ehbimes om tgh nodmts,hxfhssdvh pgysdfi` ehbimes, lùde prhssurh dmfrhish,



20/197

vdsfhri` stridm, psyfgobotor posturdma, ime so om.Ugh `dst ds òma kut tgh hllhft ds tgh sibh> tgh kob-kirebhmt ol tgh FMV wdtg bu`tdp`h shmsory sdami`slrob edstrhsshe vdsfhri, busf`hs ime nodmts `hies tofgimahs dm tgh mhurobotor systhb. Ughsh hxfhs-sdvh sdami`s irh edstrdkuthe tgrouagout tgh FMV

ime irh mot fomldmhe to omh spdmi` shabhmt for-thx, kridmsthb ime mhirky spdmi` shabhmts wd`` i`sokh illhfthe. Ugh umehr`ydma ime ìrah`y umfom-sfdous busf`h tomh tgit ds hsshmtdi` lor bidmtidmdmatgh imtd-arivdty rhspomsh posturh ds aovhrmheky tgh aibbi botor systhb. Ugds sustidmhe kifc-aroume tomh ds rhlhrrhe to is tgh aibbi kdis.

Qghm tgh FMV ds kobkirehe wdtg fomtdmuous imehxfhssdvh shmsory dmput, tgh aibbi kdis, or sustidmhehllhrhmt outlòw, olthm khfobhs wgit ds fi``he tghaibbi aidm. Busf`h spdme`hs, hifg fomtidmhe

dm tghdr owm fommhftdvh tdssuh sghitgs, khfobh shm-sdtdzhe so tgit tgh rhl`hx fomtriftdom ol i strhtfghebusf`h dmfrhishs. I busf`h dm tgds fomedtdom rhsdsts`hmatghmdma. Dl tgh aibbi aidm ds sulldfdhmt`y gdagtgh shmsdtdzhe spdme`h biy lorfh i fomtriftdom hvhm

wghm tgh busf`h ds sgorthr tgim dts rhstdma `hmatg.Ol foursh, sufg i fomedtdom ds hxtrhbh`y eyslumf-tdomi` wdtg shvhrh mhaitdvh hllhfts om nodmt rimahime stikd`dty. Ugds dm turm ahmhriths borh moxdousshmsory stdbu`d dmto tgh mhrvous systhb.

@hlt umfghfche, tghsh shmsordbotor edsturkimfhs

khfobh òma-thrb fgimahs dm tgh strufturi`, fom-mhftdvh tdssuh systhb. Lisfdi sgorthms ime tgdfchmsdm im itthbpt to provdeh support wghrh tgh dbki`-imfhe rhìtdomsgdp khtwhhm gyphrtomdf ime gypo-tomdf busf`hs fimmot. Lurtghr edsruptdoms to tghmorbi` pgysdoòay ol lisfdih offur is tgh lu`` rimahol bovhbhmt it tgh nodmts ime dm tgh busf`hs ds ost,prhvhmtdma tgh ordhmtitdom ol mhw`y frhithe fo`ìahmldkhrs.;9Qdtgout ipproprdith ordhmtdma lorfhs, tghldkhrs thme to fùsthr ime tgdfchm. Ugh òmahr tghshprofhsshs ol tdagthmdma, fobprhssdom ime bdsi`dam-

bhmt ao umdmthrrupthe, tgh borh moxdous illhrhmtstdbu`d tghrh irh. Ughsh stdbu`d irh mot fobdma so`h`ylrob tgh proprdofhptors dm tgh busf`hs, tgh spdme`hs,kut lrob bimy typhs ol shmsory hmedmas tgit hxdstdm tgh fommhftdvh tdssuh mhtworc. Ughsh irh hìko-rithe om dm tgh shftdom om dmtrilisfdi` bhfgimo-rhfhptors khòw. Qgithvhr dts ordadms, tgh fyf`h dssh`l-phrphtuitdma> fomstrdftdom, hlt umdmthrrupthe,`hies to borh ime borh shrdous fomstrdftdom.

Edrhft thfgmdquh BL[ is ehsfrdkhe dm tgds koocworcs dmto tgh byolisfdih ime otghr fommhftdvh

tdssuh typhs. Ugh tgdxotropy tghory proposhs tgittgh iftdom ol tgds bhfgimdfi` prhssurh ds sulldfdhmt tohòmaith ime ehfobprhss rhstrdfthe lisfdi. Uichmiòmh, tgds biy mot kh i vdik`h hxpìmitdom. Gowhvhr,tgit sibh ehhp, sòw ime edrhfthe prhssurh ds i`so


Uomus

rhauìtdom

ol sphfdldf

busf`h

ldkhrs

Busf`hsp

dme`hrhfhp

tors

Aoàdrhfhp

to

rs(thmeomsime

lisfdi)

Nodmt,pidmime

prhs

surhrhfhptors(p

hrodst,`daibhmts,htf.)

([ulldmd,Z

ifdmd,dmthrstdtdi`)

Ughripdsts

gime

Forthx

Bdekridm

Kridmsthb ime fhrhkh`ùb

Vpdmi` fore rhl`hxhs

Vhmsory dmput Botor output

Ldaurh ;.6 Ugh priftdtdomhrs toufg i`thrs tgh sdami`s khdmashmt to tgh FMV. Vufg edsruptdom to tgh gikdtui` pitthrms ol

tgh mhrvous systhb ds i fhmtri` pirt ol edrhft thfgmdquh BL[

(ilthr Vfg`hdp,1 wdtg phrbdssdom ol tgh iutgor).


21/197

illhftdma i rimah ol shmsory ldkhrs vdi stdbuìtdomol tgh nodmt, daibhmt, busf`h ime thmeom rhfhptors.Dm Ldaurh ;.6, wh shh tgh tghripdsts gime dmvo`vhedm i`thrdma tgh eymibdfs ol tgh kdolhhekifc òopsout`dmhe ikovh. Ugh moxdous stdbu`d tgit rhsu`t dm tghsh`l-phrphtuitdma pidm, fobprhssdom ime eyslumftdom

fyf`h irh rhpìfhe wdtg mhw illhrhmt sdami`s. Ughsh,dm turm, i`thr tgh hllhrhmt sdami`s.

Lor hxibp`h, fgimahs dm tomh frhith i fgimah dmnodmt posdtdom, wgdfg dm turm gh`ps morbi`dzh tomh.Ovhr tgh òma thrb tghsh dmdtdi` ime ripde fgimahsdm tomh, fooredmitdom ime phrfhptdom `hie to iborh ipproprdith irrimahbhmt ol fo`ìahm ldkhrs

wdtgdm lisfdi. Fomtrist tgds wdtg tgh borh fom-vhmtdomi` vdhw tgit tgds rhstrufturdma ol tgh fom-mhftdvh tdssuh gipphms dbbhedith`y, is proposhedm tgh tgdxotropy boeh`.

Dmtrilisfdi` bhfgimorhfhptors

Dm tgh ophmdma shftdom ol tgds fgipthr, wh siw tgitlisfdi wis pirt ol tgh ìrah HFB ol tgh koey.

I tghory ol lisfdi` rh`hish, ahmhri``y dehmtdldheis tgdxotropy, wis ehvhòphe. Ugh rh`hish ds shhm isdmvo`vdma i bhfgimdfi` strhtfgdma ol tgh ldkhrs is

wh`` is im issofdithe fgimah dm tgh gyeritdom ol tgharoume sukstimfh.

Mhxt D dmtroeufhe i`thrmitdvh tghordhs ol lisfdirh`hish tgit dmfùehe sobito-iutomobdf rhl`hxhs.[hl`hxhs rhqudrh im dmdtditdma shmsitdom ime tgitbhims shmsory ldkhrs. Is tgds shftdom wd`` sgow, tghyirh dm lift hmorbous`y dbportimt to umehrstimedma

wgit gipphms umehr our gimes wghm wh toufgsobhomh.

Vhmsory ldkhrs wdtgdm tgh lisfdi dtsh`l givh igdag`y ehvhòphe fipifdty to fobbumdfith wdtgkotg tgh IMV ime tgh FMV.;; Lor byolisfdi` tghr-ipdsts shhcdma to l`hsg out i tghory ol wgy BL[

worcs, tghsh shmsory ldkhrs [ulldmd, Zifdmdim imedmthrstdtdi` irh tgh H` Eorieo ol mhuropgysdoòay.

Qdtgdm ehmsh rhauìr fommhftdvh tdssuh tghrhirh two typhs ol bhfgimorhfhptors> tgh Zifdmdim/Zifdmdlorb forpusf`hs ime tgh [ulldmd koedhs.;6

Ugus, tghy offur wdtgdm byolisfdi, thmeoms,ipomhuroshs ime `daibhmts, tgh vhry solt tdssuhs whlofus om dm edrhft thfgmdquh BL[. Ughsh irh dmieedtdom to tgh shmsory ldkhrs tgit `dh wdtgdm tghbusf`h spdme`hs ime sobh ol tgh Aoàd thmeomoraims (AUOs). Ugh ro`h ol tgh AUOs dm dmgdkdtdma

tomh ds wh`` eofubhmthe i`tgouag dt ds mow tgouagttgit tghy edsfgirah om`y wghm busf`hs iftdvh`yfomtrift. Ughy rhspome to fgimahs dm lorfh, mot`hmatg. Edrhft thfgmdquh BL[ ipp`dhe to i busf`htgit ds iftdvh`y fomtriftdma iaidmst rhsdstimfh, usui``yhffhmtrdfi``y, dmfrhishs tgh edsfgirah lrob tgh AUOs

ime h`dfdts dmgdkdtdom ol imy lurtghr thmsdomdma dmtgit busf`h.

Ugh Zifdmdim forpusf`hs irh stdbuìthe ky gdag-vhòfdty, òw-ibp`dtueh (G\@I) tgrust bimdpuì-tdoms, is wh`` is vdkritory thfgmdquhs wgd`h tgh[ulldmd koedhs rhspome to sòw ime ehhp bh`tdmathfgmdquhs.1 Lurtghrborh, tgh stdbuìtdom ol tgh[ulldmd koedhs ds `dmche to i rheuftdom dm tgh iftdv-dty ol tgh VMV. Ugds fhrtidm`y gh`ps dm umehrstime-dma tgh hllhfts ol solt tdssuh bimdpuìtdom om tgh

IMV tgit whrh ehsfrdkhe hir`dhr wghrh kotg òfi`

ime systhbdf fgimahs dm tgit systhb offur.Aibbi mhuroms fim kh dmgdkdthe ky suprispdmi`

strufturhs. Ugh bhedi` rhtdfuìr lorbitdom pìys iro`h dm tgds dmgdkdtdom. Is wh siw dm Ldaurh ;.6, tgh

virdous shmsory ldkhrs loume dm lisfdi bich fommhf-tdoms to tgh kridmsthb ime ikovh. Ughy irh motedrhft`y dmvo`vhe dm tgh òfi` byotiftdf rhl`hx irfticdma pìfh it tgh spdmi` shabhmt. Dt ds `dch`y tgittghsh virdous shmsory ldkhrs irh dmvo`vhe dm firrydmadmlorbitdom to tgh FMV tgit rhhstik`dsghs dmgdkdtdomol aibbi aidm lrob tgh top eowm. Ugds wouè

iffoumt lor tgh lift tgit bimy ripde fgimahs dm tomhtich pìfh wghm ipp`ydma edrhft thfgmdquh BL[ totdssuh tgit ds fobp`hth`y ehvode ol busf`h ldkhrs.Lor hxibp`h, i ehhp sòw BL[ thfgmdquh ipp`dhe totgh fi`fimhus wd`` h`dfdt i prhedftik`h fgimah dm rimahol botdom it tgh imc`h, wdtg okvdous rheuftdoms dmaistrofmhbdus tomh wdtg im dmfrhish dm dts rhstdma`hmatg. Ieedtdomi``y, fooredmitdom ime stikd`dty wd``dbprovh hvhm tgouag mo eh`dkhrith itthbpt ds biehto kiìmfh tgh iftdom ol iaomdsts ime imtiaomdsts. Ughspdme`hs givh mot khhm edrhft`y trhithe. I`tgouag

tgh profhsshs irh mot f`hir, D proposh tgit tghshfgimahs irh i lumftdom ol shmsory dmputs isfhmedmato suprispdmi` `hvh`s ime dmlùhmfdma tgh lorbitdomol dmgdkdtdom.

Ugh tgdre aroup ol mhrvhs ds tgh dmthrstdtdi` bus-f`h rhfhptors. [hshirfghrs givh dehmtdldhe tghdrdmvo`vhbhmt dm tgh ldmh tumdma ol tgh kòoe lòw.Ugds i`so podmts to i edrhft fommhftdom to tgh IMV.Vicieis stuey ol tgh phrdosthub ol tgh bimedk`hsgows sòw ime ripde rhspomedma rhfhptors. Ughsòw rhfhptors shmsh prhssurh ime pidm, is wh`` is



22/197

òw-lrhquhmfy vdkritdom. Ugh ripde-rhspomsh rhfhp-tors irh dmvo`vhe dm shmsdma prhssurh ime pidm kut i`sobufg gdaghr lrhquhmfy vdkritdom, up to 8::Gz.;;

Ugh dmthrstdtdi` ldkhrs givh khhm sgowm to givhfomtro` ovhr pìsbi hxtrivisitdom.;5 Ugds rhlhrs totgh hxtrusdom ol pìsbi lrob kòoe vhssh`s dmto tgh

dmthrstdtdi` lùde bitrdx. Mow wh shh i mhrvous sys-thb fobpomhmt to tgh ah`so` boeh` ehsfrdkhehir`dhr. Qghm fhrtidm lorbs ol stdbuìtdom irh prhs-hmt, ol tgh cdme provdehe ky im BL[ priftdtdomhr,tgh dmthrstdtdi` ldkhrs sdami` tgh kòoe vhssh`s todmfrhish tgh rhmhwi` sphhe ol tgh aroume sukstimfh.Gyeritdom biy offur kut dt ds dmdtdithe tgrouagshmsory ldkhrs ritghr tgim bhfgimdfi` lorfh iòmh.

Im dmfrhish dm tgh quimtdty ol aroume sukstimfhgh`ps bidmtidm tgh dmthrldkhr edstimfh ime ùkrd-fiths tgh spifh khtwhhm tgh ldkhrs. Ugds ds lisfdi`

foghsdvhmhss tgh illdmdty ol ldkhrs tgit erdvhstghb to kdme wdtg tghdr mhdagkors ds kiìmfhe vdiim ipproprdith voùbh ol aroume sukstimfh. Is tghmhurobotor systhb ds rh`hishe lrob eyslumftdom vdiBL[, lisfdi ds strhsshe vdi ipproprdith ime orehr`ybovhbhmt. Fo`ìahm wd`` kh ìde eowm ifforedmato tgh ahmhri` edrhftdom ol tgh strhss. Bovhbhmtlorfhs ldkhrs dmto hxthmsdkd`dty ime tgds prhvhmtstgh fùbpdma ol fo`ìahm ldkhrs. I fobkdmitdomol dmfrhishe `hvh`s ol aroume sukstimfh wdtg borhorehr`y irrimahbhmts ol ldkhrs bhims lhwhr fross`dmcs

ime dmfrhishe hxthmsdkd`dty.Omfh tgh dmtrilisfdi` bhfgimorhfhptors irh

dmfùehe dm tgh edsfussdom, i kdaahr, lu``hr pdfturhhbhrahs, ol tghripdst-dmeufhe lorfhs iftdma to trda-ahr fobp`hx mhuroòadf rhl`hxhs tgit qudfc`y i`thrtgh tomus ol kotg tgh IMV ime tgh FMV.1,96,97,94

Dm turm tghsh fgimahs givh mubhrous edrhft imedmedrhft hllhfts om tgh aroume sukstimfh ime lisfdi`foghsdvhmhss dm ahmhri`.

IME UGH[HV BO[H

Vbootg busf`h fh``s givh khhm loume dm tgh lisfdifrurds (lisfdi ol òwhr `ha). Xsdma h`hftrom pgoto-bdfrosfopy, two rhshirfghrs okshrvhe mot om`y

wdehsprhie hxdsthmfh ol tgh dmtrilisfdi` mhrvh ldkhrsbhmtdomhe ikovh kut i`so, umhxphfthe`y, sbootgbusf`h fh``s.;8Qgd`h wh irh i`rhiey dm i cdme olmhurolisfdi` H` Eorieo, tgds edsfovhry iboumts toi nifcpot dm tgh hxpòritdom ol tgh rhìtdomsgdpkhtwhhm lisfdi ime tgh mhrvous systhb. Qdtg

sbootg busf`h fh``s khdma umehr tgh fomtro` ol tghIMV, dt shhbs `dch`y tgit mhuri`-rhauìthe thmsdom-dma offurs wdtgdm lisfdi. Ugds lisfdi` tomus ds fom-tro``he vdi tgh stith ol tgh IMV, shpirith kutrhìthe to tgh bufg stromahr tomus rhauìtdom olbusf`hs vdi tgh mhurobusfuìr systhb. Qgit tgh

purposh ol tgds prhthmsdomdma bdagt kh ds motf`hir. Qgd`h tgds ds ehkithe, dt shhbs possdk`h tofomfùeh tgit im IMV tumhe towire tgh VMVkrimfg bdagt hxhrt im ovhrthmsdomdma hllhft om tghlisfdi. BL[ gis khhm sgowm to rheufh tgh shvhrdtyol tgds tumdma ime dmfrhish tgh iftdvdty ol tgh viausmhrvh. Dt fouè wh`` kh tgit pirt ol tgh rh`hish ime`hmatghmdma tgh f`dhmt ime tghripdst kotg lhh` eur-dma tgh ipp`dfitdom ol BL[ ds i thmsdom rh`hish dmtgh dmtrilisfdi` sbootg busf`h fh``s.

ZDHÔH@HFU[DF HLLHFU

I `hsshr ehvhòphe tghory lor tgh cdme ol lisfdièhlorbitdom wh irh shhcdma to umehrstime ds tghpdhzoh`hftrdf hllhft. Zdhzo (prhssurh) h`hftrdfdtyrhlhrs to tgh ahmhritdom ol im h`hftrdfi` fgirah

wghm i frysti` ds fobprhsshe. Fommhftdvh tdssuhbiy ift is i `dqude frysti`. It `hist omh iutgor gisproposhe tgit tgh ipp`dfitdom ol tgh tghripdstsprhssurh dmfrhishs tgh h`hftrdfi` fgirah wdtgdm tgh

tdssuh.;< Ugds, dm turm, stdbuìths tgh ldkrokìststo dmfrhish tgh shfrhtdom ol fo`ìahm ldkhrs dm tgitòfi` irhi.

I mubkhr ol prok`hbs hxdst wdtg tgds tghory.Ldrst ime lorhbost, tgh shfrhtdom ol ldkhrs fouè motoffur so ripde`y tgit i tghripdst wouè shmsh tgitproeuftdom. I`so, tgh shfrhtdom ol ldkhrs ifross imytdbhspim wouè mot iffoumt lor tgh ripde fgimahsdm tdssuh thxturh tgit irh pi`pithe eurdma edrhftthfgmdquh BL[. Mor wouè tgh dmfrhishe proe-uftdom ol ldkhrs mhfhssird`y kh i ehsdrik`h stith lor

tgh koey.Gowhvhr, iftdvitdom ol tgh pdhzoh`hftrdf hllhft

biy provdeh tgh mhfhssiry fgirah lor tgh stdbuì-tdom ol tgh shmsory krimfg ol tgh dmthrstdtdi` ldkhrs.Dm turm, tghsh givh fomtro` ovhr pìsbi hxtrivisi-tdom, wgdfg ds issofdithe wdtg aroume sukstimfhgyeritdom/ehgyeritdom. Vicieis rhshirfg sgowsdmthrstdtdi` ldkhrs is khdma shmsdtdvh to ow- ime gdag-lrhquhmfy vdkritdoms. Zhrgips dt ds ghrh, it tgh hvhòl tgh dmthrstdtdi` ldkhrs, tgit tgh pdhzoh`hftrdf hllhftds pìydma i pirt dm lisfdi` strufturh ime lumftdom.

9< Vhftdom 9 UGH KIVDFV


23/197

ZVTFGOVOFDI@ LIFUO[V

Bimui` tghripy olthm ehsfrdkhs tgh koey is dl tghrhds, dm lift, i purh koey tgit hxdsts shpirith`y lrobsofdi` ime fu`turi` fomthxts. D wrdth tgds kooc dm

Iustri`di is dl tghrh ds i umdvhrsi` koey to kh eds-fusshe ime hmaiahe wdtg. Dts i fobp`hx ed`hbbi.Fhrtidm`y, our kdoòadfi` koey fim kh umehrstooedm thrbs ol i shbd-umdvhrsi` imitoby ime pgysdo`-oay. Uo i arhit hxthmt, i busf`h spdme`h ds i busf`hspdme`h dm wgithvhr koey dt bdagt kh loume, wdtg iprhedftik`h rhìtdomsgdp to tgh fhmtri` mhrvous sys-thb ime busf`h tomh.

Gowhvhr, wgit ol tgh wiy wh tgdmc ikout imesgiph our koedhs dm otghr fomthxts? Gow fouè imyomh iutgor wrdth i kooc tgit sphics to tgh bu`td-tueh ol sofdi` shttdmas tgit sgiph tgh sh`l-dbiah oltghdr dmgikdtimts? I wobim dm Vobi`di? I thhmiahkoy dm fhmtri` Fgdmi? Im hèhr`y Ilagim rhluahhdmfirfhrithe dmehldmdth`y dm im Iustri`dim ehthmtdomfhmthr? I fgdè wdtg fhrhkri` pi`sy dm Voutg Uhxis?

Qgit ds tgh sh`l-dbiah koey dm tghsh fomthxts?Qgit ds tgh bhimdma ol toufg tghripdhs dm tgh sofdi`fomthxt dm wgdfg tghy irh eh`dvhrhe? Is mubhroussofdi` fomstruftdvdsts givh proposhe wghm wirmdmaikout tgh k`dmehrs put om wghm ieoptdma i purh`ykdoòadfi` ehthrbdmdsb, Ugh dbpift ol imy kdoòad-fi` lhiturh ehphmes dm hvhry dmstimfh om gow tgit

kdoòadfi` lhiturh dmthrifts wdtg tgh hmvdrombhmt.;1

Ugds ds tgh rhi`b ol tgh psyfgosobitdf koey ime,to fodm i pgrish, tgh sofdosobitdf koey is wh``.Mubhrous iutgors dm tgh sofdi` sfdhmfhs givh olfoursh irtdfuìthe, lrob i virdhty ol phrsphftdvhs,tgh vdhw tgit sh`l-dbiah lorbs dm tgh fomthxt olfu`turi`, sofdi` ime psyfgoòadfi` hmvdrombhmts.Ugit sh`l-dbiah fim, to i arhit hxthmt, sgiph bimy oltgh profhsshs it worc dm tgh kdoòadfi` ìmesfiph.Fgimahs bieh tgrouag edrhft thfgmdquh BL[ fouèkh ooche it, i`tgouag tghy irh mot dm tgds kooc, sdb-

p`y dm thrbs ol tgh imitobdf, pgysdoòadf ime cdmhsd-oòadf hllhfts ehsfrdkhe so lir. Ehsdrik`h fgimahs dmtgosh tgrhh iòmh wouè fhrtidm`y kh hmouag to bichedrhft thfgmdquh BL[ i powhrlu` tghripy.

Vtd``, wghm bimui` tghripy thfgmdquhs irhehsfrdkhe ime tgh ritdomi`h lor usdma tghb ds hìk-orithe, dt fim soume `dch whrh ti`cdma ikout sdbp`ytumdma i solt bifgdmh. I lorb ol kdoòadfi` rheuf-tdomdsb stirts to frhhp dm> i`` wh irh ds im isshbkìahol lùde-ld``he kias bovhe lrob omh pìfh to imotghrky fomtriftd`h ldkhrs tgit irh dmstrufthe lrob tgh

mhrvous systhb. Ol foursh, tgds ds i fomvhmdhmt wiyto imi`yzh ime umehrstime fhrtidm pirts ol tgh

wgo`h phrsom. Qdtg gire sfdhmfh om tghdr sdeh,tghsh ehsfrdptdoms tghm soume rhissurdma`y ldmi` imefomfùsdvh. Kut wgit gipphms dm sofdi` ime fu`turi`fomthxts wghm i phrsom bovhs lrob i fobprhsshe,

litdauhe ime pidmlu` stith dmto omh tgit ds borh ithish ime hxprhssdvh? Im hxibp`h ol tgds mom-`dmhirsysthbs tgdmcdma ds sgowm dm Ldaurh ;.5 wghrh istith ol tgorifdf l`hxdom ime tdagtmhss ds shhm ishxdstdma dm rhìtdomsgdp wdtg i mubkhr ol otghrisphfts ol i phrsom.

Irh tghrh fgimahs tgit dmfùeh, kut ao khyome,tgh kdoòadfi ? Ugh okshrvitdom gis khhm bieh kybimy sobitdf tghripdsts tgit rh`hish lrob fgromdftdagtmhss fim dmlùhmfh kotg tgh psyfgosobitdf imesofdosobitdf koey. Ugh mom-`dmhir ipproifg fim kh

ehvhòphe hvhm lurtghr tgim dm Ldaurh ;.5, to dmfùehi wdeh rimah ol rhìtdomsgdps tgit offur khtwhhm kdo-òadfi`, psyfgoòadf ime sofdoòadf liftors (Lda. ;.8).

Ime tgh opposdth ds i`so truh. Ughsh sibh psyfgo-sofdi` liftors biy fomtrdkuth to tgh ehvhòpbhmtol edsruptdoms to tgh morbi` lumftdom ol tgh mhuro-byolisfdi` mht. Ugh sgdlt dm tgdmcdma ds lrob fiushime hllhft to mom-`dmhir dmthrehphmehmfdhs. Xsdmatgds eymibdf boeh` bichs tgh edsfussdom om wgitgipphms dm BL[ i bufg borh fobp`hx omh.

Ugh libous Qgdthgi`` stuedhs sgow tgit tgh

bost sdamdldfimt liftors lor ahmhri` ghi`tg irh motldtmhss, edht, ahmhtdfs or wgithvhr tghy irh sofdi`rimc ime sofdo-hfomobdf stitus.;7 Dm tghsh stuedhsi sthhp dmvhrsh rhìtdomsgdp wis loume khtwhhmsofdi` fìss ime borkdedty lrob i wdeh rimah oledshishs. I sdbdìr rhìtdomsgdp wis shhm khtwhhm


Ugorix l`hxdom

\dti`dty

Krhitgdma

Ghieifgh

Dmedahstdom

Mhfc thmsdom

Ldaurh ;.5 \dhwdma tgh hllhfts ol edrhft thfgmdquh BL[lrob i systhbs phrsphftdvh, ritghr tgim i `dmhir fiush ime

hllhft boeh` (lrob Vfg`hdp,1 wdtg phrbdssdom ol tgh iutgor).


24/197

sh`l-okshrvhe sofdi` stitus ime sdfc eiys tichm. Ugdsldmedma iòmh eohs mot provh imy edrhft fiusi` rhì-tdomsgdp khtwhhm psyfgosofdi` liftors ime byolis-fdi`, or mhurolisfdi`, rhstrdftdoms. Mor ds dt dmthmeheto eo so. Dt khfobhs ol hvhm borh dmthrhst, tgouag,

wghm otghr rhìthe ldmedmas irh dmfùehe. Lor hxib-

p`h, Vipo`scys libous stuey ol kikooms sgowhetgit i ìfc ol sofdi` fomtro` `hies to gdag strhss isbhisurhe ky fortdso` ime ierhmi`dmh (hpdmhpgrdmh)`hvh`s. Lurtghrborh, gds omaodma stuedhs it VtimloreXmdvhrsdty, kudèdma om tgh worc ol Vy`hs, sgow tgitsustidmhe strhss fim eibiah tgh gdppofibpus, irhadom ol tgh kridm fhmtri` to `hirmdma ime bhbory.Gds worc gis dehmtdldhe aùfofortdfodes, i fìss olsthrodes shfrhthe lrob tgh ierhmi` aìme eurdmastrhss, is frdtdfi` to sufg mhurotoxdfdty.;4

Is lor tgh psyfgosofdi` dmlùhmfhs ol fomsubhrdsb

ime illùhmfh dm bimy Qhsthrm foumtrdhs, tghsibh iutgor wrdths, Qh `dvh wh`` hmouag to givhtgh ùxury to aht oursh`vhs sdfc wdtg purh`y sofdi`,psyfgoòadfi` strhss.6: Dm otghr wores, wh eo motmhhe im hxthrmi` pitgoahm or i fo``dsdom wdtg i krdfc

wi`` to dmtroeufh shrdous edsturkimfh dmto our khdma.Our sh`l-dbiah, lorbhe dm rhìtdom to our phrfhdvhesofdi` stimedma, fim kh hmouag to sthhr us towiremhuropgysdoòadfi` dbkiìmfh.

Dl ìfc ol sofdi` fomtro` `hies to gdag `hvh`s olstrhss, tghm umehrstimedma tgh eymibdfs ol powhr

rhìtdoms wdtgdm fu`turi` ime sofdi` fomthxts bdagtkh nust is dbportimt dm rhspomedma to fgromdfbyolisfdi` rhstrdftdom is i aooe sht ol bimui` tghr-ipy thfgmdquhs. Ehvhòpdma sofdi` supports imemhtworcs tgit hmik`h i arhithr `hvh` ol phrsomi` sit-dsliftdom bdagt kh i fhmtri` pirt ol suffhsslu` out-

fobhs dm sobitdf tghripy. Bhmtordma proaribsime, lor tgosh wdtg borh dmfobh, phrsomi` foifghsfouè kh dbportimt pdhfhs ol tgh puzz`h lor phop`hbovdma iwiy lrob edsik`dma pitthrms ol fomstrdf-tdom! Losthrdma rhìtdomsgdps tgit murturh ds dbpor-timt, is ds dehmtdlydma omhs tgit eo mot. Heufitdomfim `hie to lhh`dmas ol fomtro` ime pirtdfdpitdom.Vofdi` fomtro` `hies to i fgimah dm pgysdoòay. Ughthrb prhvhmtdvh bhedfdmh tichs om i mhw imefgi``hmadma bhimdma ghrh!

D stirthe tgds shftdom ky podmtdma to tgh edlldfu`ty

ol ti`cdma ikout tgh koey dm i umdvhrsi` kdoòadfi`shmsh. D proposhe tgit sh`l-dbiah irdshs dm sofdi` imefu`turi` fomthxts. By dmthmtdom wis to suaahst ilu``hr, ime gophlu``y borh proeuftdvh, quhstdomdmaol wgit bdagt kh illhfthe wghm ehhp rh`hish imerhposdtdomdma dm tgh support, trimsport ime foored-mitdom systhbs ol i phrsom tich pìfh. Dt i`sohmik`hs i borh rhi`dstdf isshssbhmt ol tgh `dbdts olour worc. Ughsh `dbdtitdoms irh mot i`wiys strufturi`kut fim givh tghdr ahmhsds dm lumftdoms tgit irhdmtrdfith`y tdhe to sofdi` lorfhs.


Ugorix l`hxdom

\dti`dty

Krhitgdma

Ghieifgh

Dmedahstdom

Fouriah/

vu`mhrikd`dty

[hìtdomsgdp

wdtg pirtmhr

Vhxui`

ittriftdvhmhss

Zgysdfi` sdzh

Lhh`dma aooeikout yoursh`l

Aidt/bovhbhmt

qui`dty

Mhfc thmsdom

Ldmimfdi`

sdtuitdom

Ldaurh ;.8 Im hxpimehe vhrsdom ol tghsh fobp`hx dmthrehphmehmfdhs tgit dmfùehs psyfgosofdi` ime psyfgoòadfi`liftors (lrob Vfg`hdp,1 wdtg phrbdssdom ol tgh iutgor).


25/197

Vtd``, ehspdth tgds nourmhy dmto irhis outsdeh tghkdoòadfi`, D bust ifcmow`heah tgit tgh krhietg oltgh edsfussdom gis khhm `dbdthe. Dm pirtdfuìr, dtlofushs om tghsh dssuhs dm i Qhsthrm fomsubhr-fipdti`dst fomthxt wghrh phrsomi`, dmedvdeui` suk-

nhftdvdtdhs irh gdag`y viùhe, hsphfdi` y wdtgdm fhrtidm

sofdo-hfomobdf aroups.69 Fhrtidm`y, mot i`` fu`turhs,or fìsshs wdtgdm Qhsthrm sofdhty, pìfh tgh sibhhbpgisds om tgh lorbitdom ol tghsh gdag`y dmedvde-ui` suknhftdvdtdhs.

I A[IME XMDLTDMA UGHO[T?

Dm hxibdmdma tgh fiushs lor edsruptdom to tgh mor-bi` lumftdom ol tgh byolisfdi` fobp`hx, Fgidtowgis ushe tgh eh`dagtlu``y sdbp`h pgrish sobhtgdmagipphms.6; Gh tghm `dsts tgh virdous possdk`h fob-pomhmts `hiedma to tgds edsruptdom (Kox ;.9). Dt ds


Kox ;.9 Fiushs ol solt tdssuh eyslumftdom.Ugh sobhtgdma gipphms proposi` (lrobFgidtow,6; wdtg phrbdssdom).

Fomahmdti` liftors (sgort/òma `ha, sbi``

ghbdph`vds, sgort upphr hxtrhbdty, lisfdi`, frimdi`

ime otghr edstortdoms) Ovhrush, bdsush ime ikush (ime edsush)

liftors (sufg is dmnury or dmipproprdith pitthrms

ol ush dmvo`vhe dm worc, sport or rhauìr

iftdvdtdhs)

Zosturi` strhsshs

[hl`hxdvh liftors (trdaahr podmts, lifd`dtithe spdmi`

rhadoms)

Fgromdf mhaitdvh hbotdomi` stiths (imxdhty,

rhprhsshe imahr, htf.)

Mutrdtdomi` ehldfdts

Uoxdf iffubuìtdoms

Dmlhftdom Hmeofrdmh (gorbomi`) dbkiìmfhs

Kox ;.; Ugh hvhrytgdma gipphms rhspomsh to edrhft thfgmdquh BL[. Ugh mht ds fist wdeh todmfùeh tgh fo-hbhrahmt rhìtdomsgdps tgit hxdst khtwhhm tgh kdoòadfi` ime tgh sofdi`.

Aoàd thmeom oraims stdbuìthe tomh dmgdkdthe.

[ulldmd hmedmas irh strhtfghe, rhsu`tdma dm

dmgdkdtdom ol ovhri`` sybpitghtdf mhrvous systhb

iftdvdty.

[heuftdoms dm VMV iftdvdty illhft sbootg busf`hldkhrs loume dm lisfdi lisfdi` ime wgo`h oraimdsb

ehfobprhssdom. Dmfrhishe pirisybpitghtdf iftdvdty

hmgimfhs wgo`h oraimdsb wh``-khdma.

Dmthrstdtdi` rhfhptors irh stdbuìthe hsphfdi``y vdi

worc om tgh phrdosthub, rhsu`tdma dm dmfrhishe

proprdofhptdvh ifudty is wh`` is aroume sukstimfh

rhmhwi`.

Busf`h spdme`hs irh sòw`y strhtfghe rhsu`tdma dm i

òwhrdma ol busf`h tomh.

Vuprispdmi` dmgdkdtdom ol aibbi aidm `hies

to rhshttdma ol aibbi kdis. Arivdty rhspomsh

dbprovhs. Vh`l-ehlhitdma fofomtriftdom pitthrms ol bovhbhmt

(iaomdst ime imtiaomdst ldrdma it tgh sibh tdbh) irh

rheufhe, rhsu`tdma dm ghdagthmhe hmhray lor frhitdvh

ime hxprhssdvh bovhbhmt.

Bhfgimdfi` rhstrdftdoms to krhitgdma irh rh`hishe

`hiedma to ovhri`` dbprovhbhmt dm pgysdoòay ime

kiìmfh dm FO;/O; ritdos dm tgh kòoe. Lurtghr

fgimahs dm tgh IMV tich pìfh.

@ybpg ime i`` lùde rhturm ds dbprovhe. Lisfdi`

foghsdvhmhss khadms to dbprovh.

Zosturhs ol ehlhit irh rheufhe, i`òwdma lor

hxpòritdoms ol i mhw sh`l-dbiah tgit ds ordhmthe

dm rhi` tdbh ime spifh (ghrh ime mow, tich up

your spifh) ritghr tgim vdi dmmhr mirritdvh

wgdfg ds ordhmthe to tgh tghrh ime tghm(dl om`y).

Qgo`h oraimdsb ehfobprhssdom `hies to mhw

hxpimehe rhìtdomsgdp wdtg tgh hmvdrombhmt ime

borh sitdslydma dmthriftdoms wdtg dt. Vh`l-fomldehmfh

ime hsthhb irh koosthe.

Dt tichs two to cmow omh. Ugh fobbumdfitdom

ticdma pìfh dm tgh tghriphutdf rhìtdomsgdp ds i

sprdmakoire to i mhw lorbuìtdom ol sh`l (lor f`dhmt

ime tghripdst). Bovhbhmt ime toufg khgivdors

boeh`he ky tgh tghripdst ahmhrith mhw pothmtdi`s

lor tgh f`dhmt.

Dmtroeuftdom ol mhuri` pìstdfdty (IMV ime FMV)`hies to khtthr bovhbhmt tgit ordhmts mhw fo`ìahm

ldkhrs dmto borh supportdvh ime `hss fomstrdftdvh

irrimahbhmts. [hlrhsgdma tgh aroume sukstimfh

frhiths arhithr dmthrldkhr edstimfh tgit rheufhs

kdmedma khtwhhm ldkhrs, òma-thrb fgimahs dm

lisfdi` foghsdvhmhss mow possdk`h.

Vh`l-rhauìtdma lumftdom ol tgh koey hmgimfhe,

rhsu`tdma dm khtthr ovhri`` ghi`tg, hsphfdi``y dm

i`` systhbs rhauìthe ky tgh IMV kisdfi``y

hvhrytgdma!


26/197

possdk`h to ush i sdbdìr`y ushlu` vhrmifuìr thrbime siy tgit tgh rhspomsh to edrhft thfgmdquh BL[ds tgit hvhrytgdma gipphms. Qgd`h tgds ds, ol foursh,mot fobp`hth`y truh, dt eohs fomvhy tgh krhietg oltgh wdtmhsshe hllhfts. Ugh rhspomsh ds mot òfi`dzheto omh systhb kut phrfoìths dmto bimy. Mom-`dmhir

systhbs tghory, wdtg dts bu`tdtuehs ol dmthrehphmehmt,fo-hbhrahmt rhìtdomsgdps, bichs tgh hvhrytgdmagipphms gypotghtdfi boeh` vdik`h, hvhm is dt tichstgh dmthrhsthe rhiehr outsdeh tgh foblort zomh ol tghborh usui` fiush ime hllhft ipproifg (Kox ;.;).

Lurtghr rhiedma

Krie`hy E 9447 Gyphrvhmtdìtdom Vymerobh> KrhitgdmaZitthrm Edsorehrs, 6re hem. Uimehb Zrhss, Kdrchmghie

Edmig Krie`hy ds i Mhw ^hiìme-tridmhepgsydotghripdst wgo gis worche dm i wdeh rimah olshttdmas. Gowhvhr, ghr òma-tdbh dmthrhst gis khhmrhspdritory tghripy, hsphfdi``y tgh poor`y eofubhmthesymerobh ol fgromdf gyphrvhmtdìtdom. Ugds kooc dswrdtthm lor tgh ìy phrsom wgo shhcs to umehrstimetgh rimah ol prok`hbs fiushe ky gyphrvhmtdìtdom.Dt fomtidms hxfh``hmt bithrdi` om tgh rhìtdomsgdpkhtwhhm tgh IMV, FO;, imxdhty ime otghr ump`hisimtpgysdoòadf hvhmts. Dt provdehs sulldfdhmt dmlorbitdomto dmlorb kotg tgh ghi`tg priftdtdomhr shhcdma borhumehrstimedma ol tgds surprdsdma`y fobbom prok`hb

is wh`` is f`dhmts wgo wimt too`s lor sh`l-bimiahbhmt.D rhfobbhme dt is i prdbhr. Dl tgh bithrdi` dm ghrh dshsphfdi``y rh`hvimt to your priftdfh tghm D suaahstaodma omto tgh borh sukstimtdi` ime hxfh``hmtBu`tdedsfdp`dmiry Ipproifghs to Krhitgdma Zitthrm

Edsorehrsky Fgidtow, Krie`hy ime Ad`khrt (Fgurfgd``@dvdmastomh, Hedmkurag, ;::;).

Fgidtow @ 9444 Frimdi` Bimdpuìtdom Ughory imeZriftdfh> Osshous ime Volt Udssuh Ipproifghs. Fgurfgd``@dvdmastomh, Hedmkurag

Ugh thxt ds hisy to lo`òw ime `dmcs tgh tghory to tgh

priftdfi` prok`hbs ol tgh f`dmdfdim. Ugh koocehsfrdkhs kotg solt tdssuh ime osshous ipp`dfitdoms iswh`` is provdedma audeimfh om wgdfg optdom to sh`hftdm edllhrhmt f`dmdfi` sdtuitdoms. Zriftdfi` hxhrfdshs irhdmfùehe to gh`p dbprovh f`dmdfi` scd``s. Fgidtow eohsi tgorouag `dthriturh rhvdhw ol rhfhmt rhshirfg dmtofrimdi` botdom ime rgytgb. Dm lift, tgds rhvdhw ds omhol tgh koocs bost dbportimt h`hbhmts. Fgidtowushs tgh dmlorbitdom gh aitghrs to fgi``hmah bufg oltgh prhvdous`y umquhstdomhe eoabi tgit sobh ol tghprdmfdpi` thifghrs ol frimdi` bimdpuìtdom std`` ieghrhto. Qgd`h Fgidtows ro`h is dfomofìst bdagt ollhme

sobh, bost rhiehrs wd`` ldme gds lrimc rhhviùitdom oltgh bidm frimdi` tghordhs to kh i krhitg ol lrhsg idr dmim irhi tgit gis lor too òma khhm bueedhe kyniraom, eoabi ime dsoìtdomdst po`dtdfs.

Fgidtow @, Krie`hy E, Ad`khrt F ;::;

Bu`tdedsfdp`dmiry Ipproifghs to Krhitgdma ZitthrmEdsorehrs. Fgurfgd`` @dvdmastomh, Hedmkurag

Lor bimy yhirs, ehfiehs hvhm, D okshrvhe i stroma`dmc khtwhhm krhitgdma pitthrms tgit shhbhe `hss tgimdehi` ime imxdhty stiths. Or to put dt imotghr wiy,gdag ripde krhitgdma wis issofdithe wdtg VMV irousiìs wh`` is, ahmhri``y, gyphrtomdf byolisfdi. Krie`hysldrst kooc aivh rhi` dmsdagt dmto tgh pgysdoòadfprofhsshs iffobpimydma fgromdf gyphrvhmtdìtdomsymerobh (FGV). Ughm tgds bufg borh fobp`hxvoùbh ipphirhe, fobp`hth wdtg i virdhty ol bimuitghripy thfgmdquhs lor ieerhssdma tgh pgysdfi`

rhstrdftdoms ol tgh rdk fiah tgit phrphtuith tghsymerobh. Ugds ds i arhit thxt. Dl 9;% ol tgh ahmhri`popuìtdom sullhrs wdtg FGV, is Krie`hy suaahsts,tghm tgit iòmh ds sdamdldfimt. Kut advhm tghrhìtdomsgdp khtwhhm FGV, tgh VMV, imxdhty imefgimahs dm byolisfdi` tomh, tgh phrfhmtiah ol phop`hprhshmtdma it i bimui` tghripy f`dmdf ds prokik`ybufg gdaghr. Dts wortg cmowdma ikout!

Fottdmagib NU 9478 Ghi`dma Ugrouag Uoufg> IGdstory ime [hvdhw ol tgh Zgysdoòadfi` Hvdehmfh. [o`lDmstdtuth, Kouehr, FO

Qgd`h sobhwgit eithe mow, Fottdmagibs koocollhrs i phrsphftdvh om isphfts ol pgysdoòay tgitgivh dbbhedith rh`hvimfh lor koeyworchrs. Gdsdmvhstdaitdom dmto tgds irhi turmhe up bimydbportimt rhshirfg ldmedmas tgit bdagt otghrwdshgivh aomh ummotdfhe. Gds shbdmi` rhshirfg dmto tghiutomobdf mhrvous systhb bichs gds fomtrdkutdomto tgh irhi ol bimui` tghripdhs i sdamdldfimt omh.Dvh gophe lor sobh tdbh tgit Fottdmagib bdagtrhworc tgds s`hmehr thxt dmto im upeithe ime borhfobprhghmsdvh vhrsdom.

Arossdmahr [ 9448 Zìmht Bhedfdmh, \o`s D & DD.Mortg Itìmtdf Koocs, Khrch`hy, FIUgh iutgor, wgo goès i eoftorith dm imtgropoòay,wdtg i sphfdi`dzitdom dm bhedfi` imtgropoòay, gisehvhòphe i two-voùbh worc tgit fim hisd`y khehsfrdkhe is hmfyfòphedf. Lor imyomh wdtg i ehsdrhto umehrstime tgh rhi` gdstory ol bhedfdmh ime khik`h to pìfh imy ghi`dma priftdfh dm dts gdstordfi`fomthxt, tgds worc ds rhqudrhe rhiedma. Dts hsphfdi``ystroma dm tgh irhi ol sobitdfs. Qgd`h D eo mot sgirhi`` ol tgh iutgors shmsdkd`dtdhs, D fomsdehr tgds to kh iwh``-irtdfuìthe worc ime gdag`y rhfobbhme dt.

;: Vhftdom 9 UGH KIVDFV


27/197

Nugim E 9471Noks Koey> I Gimekooc lorKoeyworchrs. Vtitdom Gd`` Zrhss, Mhw Torc

Ugh sty`h ds hxtrhbh`y ipproifgik`h yht tgds thxtfomtidms i arhit ehi` ol fobp`hx dmlorbitdom tgit dsushlu` to imyomh dmthrhsthe dm toufg tghripdhs. Ughshftdom om busf`h tomh ds hxfh``hmt ime wd`` sitdsly

tgh mhhes ol bost koeyworchrs. Ugds ds kisdfi``y iloumeitdom thxt lor i`` koeyworchrs.

[o`l DZ 9417 [o`ldma> Ugh Dmtharitdom ol GubimVtrufturhs. Girphr ime [ow, Mhw Torc

Qghm dt wis dmdtdi` y puk`dsghe tgds kooc wis tgh ldrstol dts cdme im itthbpt to ehvhòp i vdhw ol go`dsbtgit dmfùehe tgh rhìtdomsgdp ol gubim strufturhto tgh arivdtitdomi` ldhè. Lor [o`l tgds wis tghfu`bdmitdom ol ehfiehs ol rhshirfg, f`dmdfi` priftdfhime pgdòsopgdfi` tgouagt. Vgh erhw om ghrcmow`heah ol lisfdi (tgh suknhft ol ghr eoftori`

edsshrtitdom) to advh ghr worc im dbprhssdvh ehptg olumehrstimedma. [o`ls wrdtdma ds fgirifthrdzhe kyprhfdsh ush ol ìmauiah (dmlùhmfhe mo eoukt ky ghrstuedhs dm Ahmhri` Vhbimtdfs) ime pissdom lor ghrdehis ikout kiìmfhe posturh. Bimy ol ghr dehis irhmow so dmtharithe dmto koeyworc priftdfh ime niraomtgit dts hisy to loraht gow ordadmi` ime umdquh ghr`dmh ol dmqudry wis. Lhw phop`h givh irtdfuìthe solu``y im ordadmi` lorbuìtdom ol wgit dmtharitdombhims, `ht iòmh i sht ol protofo`s to fomsdsthmt`yifgdhvh dt. [o`l ds ehldmdth`y omh ol tghb.

Vfg`hdp [ ;::6 Hxpòritdoms ol tgh Mhuro-byolisfdi`Mht. Nourmi` ol Koeyworc ime Bovhbhmt Ughripdhs1(9)>9994

Vfg`hdp ds i bisthr symtghsdzhr. Qorcdma lrob tghphrsphftdvh ol i priftdfdma [o`lhr ime Lhèhmcridspriftdtdomhr, gh gis aitghrhe im dbprhssdvh irriy olrhshirfg tgit ds rhìthe to gds omaodma pissdom wgitgipphms wghm wh toufg sobhomh dm tghripy? Qgyeohs dt worc? Ugds irtdf`h, ime imotghr lrob Iprdòl tgh sibh yhir, irh sobh ol tgh khst fomtrdkutdomsto tgds umehrstimedma tgit D givh shhm. Vfg`hdp k`hmestgh ldmedmas ol so`de rhshirfg dmto i womehrlu`

mirritdvh ikout ti`cdma to sfgoo`s ol ldsg, wht tropdfi`mhurolisfdi` numa`hs ime otghr `dvh`y imiòadhs. Qgd`htghrh ds ifiehbdf rdaor edspìyhe tgrouagout, tghìstdma dbprhssdom ol tghsh irtdf`hs ds tgit tghy irh lumto rhie.

Vfgu`tz @, Lhdtds [ 9441 Ugh Hme`hss Qhk. MortgItìmtdf Koocs, Khrch`hy, FI

Vfgu`tz ds i òma-tdbh [o`lhris wh`` is givdma gie iprhvdous firhhr is i prolhssor it i binor XV bhedfi`sfgoo`. Lhdtds wis i [o`lhr khlorh tridmdma is imosthopitg ime mow priftdfhs bhedfdmh ime [o`ldma

dm Mhw Torc. Ughdr fobkdmhe kifcaroumes hmik`him hxibdmitdom ol lisfdi` imitoby tgit k`hmesh`hbhmts ol borpgoòay, fytoòay ime hbkryoòaydmto i go`dstdf vdhwpodmt. Ugds, dm fobkdmitdom wdtgtgh ovhri`` hish ol sty`h, bichs tgds i eh`dagtlu` rhieime im ordadmi` fomtrdkutdom to umehrstimedma koedhs

tgh wiy koeyworchrs mhhe to. Lor sobhomhkhadmmdma to umehrtime tgh imitoby ol fomtdmudtyime fommhftdom, tgds ds i arhit pìfh to stirt.

www.sobitdfs.ehI viùik`h om`dmh rhsourfh wdtg irtdf`hs aiòrh.

[hlhrhmfhs

9. [o`l DZ 9411 [o ldma tgh dmtharitdom ol gubimstrufturhs. Girphr ime [ow, Mhw Torc

;. Nugim E 9471 Noks koey. Vtitdom Gd`` Zrhss,Mhw Torc

6. Ichsom QG, Qoo V, Ibdh` E ht i` 9416 Ughfommhftdvh tdssuh rhspomsh to dbbokd`dzitdom>kdobhfgimdfi` fgimahs dm tgh phrdirtdfuìrfommhftdvh tdssuh ol tgh rikkdt cmhh. F`dmdfiÒrtgophedfs 16>68


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Zut tgh tdssuh wghrh dt sgouè kh ime tghm isclor bovhbhmt. ([o`l)

Eodma edrhft thfgmdquh byolisfdi` rh`hish wh`` ds

iftui``y qudth stridagtlorwire. Ahttdma rhi``y aooeit dt tichs it `hist 68 yhirs. @hts aht stirthe.

@ime om tgh surlifh wdtg tgh fgoshm too`(shh Fgipthr 8).

Vdmc dmto tgh solt tdssuh, it 4: to tgh surlifh. Fomtift tgh ldrst rhstrdfthe ìyhr. Ugds ds tgh

`hvh` dm tgh tdssuh wghrh tghrh ds okvdousthmsdom tgit wouè rhqudrh hllort to ovhrfobh.

Zut dm i `dmh ol thmsdom> tgds ds im ok`dquhima`h ol ikout 6: to tgh surlifh.

Hmaiah tgrouag tgh `dmh ol thmsdom ky ticdma

up tgh sìfc dm tgh tdssuh wdtgout bovdma ifrosstgh surlifh.

Ldmi``y, bovh ifross tgh surlifh wgd`h stiydmadm toufg wdtg tgh umehr`ydma ìyhrs.

Hxdt arifhlu``y.

BO\HBHMU

Ugds ds sdbp`h hmouag. Kut tghrhs borh, i`tgouagtgds ds mot ikout BL[ khdma hss sdbp`h. Dm lift, tgh

ieedtdom ol bovhbhmt bichs tgh worc hvhm borhstridagtlorwire.

Ugh bovhbhmt tgit dmdtdiths tgh rhstoritdom olbyolisfdi` bokd`dty fobhs lrob two sourfhs. Ughldrst ds tgh bdfro-strhtfgdma tgit offurs is tgh prif-tdtdomhr edrhfts prhssurh dmto tgh lisfdi, usui``y omim ok`dquh ima`h. Ugds iftdom ds i typh ol tghriphutdfstrhss, ipp`dhe to trimsbdt hmhray dmto tgh hìstdf,

vdsfous ime shmsory fobpomhmts ol lisfdi. Dt ds iwiy ol siydma gh`ò to i ` ol tghb. Ugds ds ehsfrdkheis ticdma up i dmh ol thmsdom dm tgh lisfdi. I`tgouag

bovhbhmt ol tgh priftdtdomhrs gimes wouè kh vds-dk`h to im okshrvhr,

direct myofacial release

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