Digital Environment : Implications for Teaching

S G Deshmukh ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology & Management Gwalior In AICTE sponsored workshop on

Innovations in Teaching & Research Methods, QIP Centre, MITS Gwalior 26 Mar 2015

Acknowledgement

This presentation is based on the discussions with Prof PN Rao, University of Northern Iowa,

USA http://www.slideshare.net/ramjirao/2015-emerging-trends-in-

educationpn-raogwalior

Prof B N Jain, VC, BITS, Pilani

26 March 2015 2

My Indicative sessions at MITS

Sn Title Date Theme

1 AICTE sponsored workshop on Quality of Technical Education

7 Mar 2009 Use of IT in Engineering Education

2 National conference on Advances in ICT

28 Oct 2013 Relevance of IT

3 Traning Programme on Pedagogical Approaches in Technical Education

3 May 2014 Engineering research

My talking points..

Today’s digital environment Democratization of education

Role of Technology vis-à-vis teacher

Various technology tools available

Experience sharing of a course

Insights & observations

Concluding remarks

History Quiz..

Students today depend too much on --------.

They don’t know how to write on ----

Quiz..

Students today depend too much on paper .

They don’t know how to write on slate

What will they do when they run out of paper !!

School Principal , 1815 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D17P3kqB3_0 A different way to think about technology in education: Greg Toppo at

TEDxAshburn

Digital environment ..

Social Media

Mobile

Cloud environment

Big data and,

Numerous electronic gadgets

Every sector is getting affected by these

Education is NO exception..

Microsoft vision of Classroom of the

future

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aJu6GvA7jN8

Learning in Today’s environment ? -

Today's environment

Pervasive net

Mobile penetration

Digital onslaught

Education- no exception

Again History..

“Books will soon be obsolete in the public schools. Scholars will be instructed through the eye. It is possible to teach every branch of human knowledge with the motion picture. Our school system will be completely changed inside of ten years.”

In “The New York Dramatic Mirror”,July 1913

Students’ Experiences

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dGCJ46vyR9o

Remarks..

Old paradigm of homogenization, standardization and mechanization of learning processes , outcomes and assessment is questionable !.

Widening chasm between professional learning needs and traditional university course content and processes as disciplinary knowledge proliferates, professional work becomes both more specialized and digitized, the curriculum becomes more crowded.

Remarks..

Pedagogic affordances of digital technology in the educational space

An abundance of all kinds of learning resources on any topic freely available to use and share

Remarks..

Current environment is about informalising, digitalizing, socializing and authenticating university learning where appropriate , accommodating vast array of professional learning needs and new ways of demonstrating rigour in academic standards beyond the simple one-size-fits-all approach !

Traditional explicit and declarative knowledge is the focus.

In a fast moving industry, the time needed for universities to package knowledge in this way means the university programs will always lack relevance and currency

Remarks..

Much of the required skill and knowledge base required in digital media is tacit or procedural and is therefore learned in a situated and authentic context rather than a decontextutalised classrooms.

Flexible, personalized and student-driven learning opportunities maximize student engagement.

Remarks....

Curriculum needs to be changed rapidly. Frankly speaking, universities are not designed to change curricula and introduce new classes at the pace required by changing industry requirements.

The pace of change is very fast.

The curricula must be open ended. Open learning is to be welcomed. Flexible and adaptable curriculum needs to be evolved.

The way we learn should be our most personalized experience because no two people process information the same way.

Expectations of Student community

and Industry

Bombarded with technological gadgets (Mobile, web, laptop etc.)

Low retention span

Role of teacher?

Teacher as a facilitator/coach

Employability ?

Dynamic requirements of industry

Gap between what is taught and what is required

All pervading digital environment !!

Internet

Mobile

Multi-Media

Notebook

Ipad ,MP3, and other gadgets

amazon.com, ebay.com, shaadi.com, snapdeal

flipcartnaukari.com, YouTube

Social /professional networks:Facebook, Linkedlin

20

Engagement

Engagement of students is an issue

Retention and attention span ?

Guided by social media

Peer-to-peer learning ?

How to create interesting contents and engage them.

26 March 2015 21

Courses..

Typical lecture course : 40 Hours

40 hours x 60 = 2400 minutes

Typically attention span is 12 minutes

So 2400/12 = 200 units of attention

So in a typical course we have about 200 concepts/ideas/units to be delivered

26 March 2015 22

Insights..

Teacher can not be isolated from Technology

Teacher competing with Technology OR

Technology complimenting Teacher ?

Idea..

Democratization of education

26 March 2015 24

Democratization Idea 1

Democratization Idea 2: Massive Open

Online Courses (MOOC)

A massive open online course is an online course aimed at unlimited participation and open access via the web.

MOOCs are a recent development in distance education which was first introduced in 2008 and emerged as a popular mode of learning!

26 March 2015 26

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massive_open_online_course

26 March 2015 27

"MOOC poster mathplourde" by Mathieu Plourde {(Mathplourde on Flickr) - http://www.flickr.com/photos/mathplourde/8620174342/sizes/l/in/photostream/. Licensed under CC BY 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons - http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MOOC_poster_mathplourde.jpg#mediaviewer/File:MOOC_poster_mathplourde.jpg

Remarks..

David Cormier coind the term MOOC

Principles of the learning theory of connectivism coined by George Siemens and connective knowledge by Stephen Downes

Learning is the process of making connections

Knowledge is the network

26 March 2015 28

MOOC in Indian Higher Education

Formal (diplomas & degrees , traditional higher education)

Non-formal (continuing professional and vocational education, formal certification)

Informal (lifelong and adult learning)

Source: FICCI Vision paper by Higher Education Committee, Aug

2014

26 March 2015 29

Motivation for MOOC..

Huge shortage of faculty

Shortage of 3.8 lakh teachers expected to grow to 13 lakhs in next 8-10 years Report of the Task force on Faculty Shortage

and Design of Performance Appraisal System, MHRD, 2011

MOOCs are way to address the issue of scalability and quality of education for traditional educational institutions

26 March 2015 30

26 March 2015 31

Remarks..

Exploration in developing & experimenting with alternative models of course delivery

Based on competence Comprehensive list of Mooc Courses

https://www.mooc-list.com/

26 March 2015 32

26 March 2015 P.N. Rao 33

For profit, independent of any institution

For profit, partnered with 33 institutions

Non-profit, currently six partnered institutions

Digital Cultures’

• Cultural “divide”?

• Teaching and the teacher

• Teacher familiar and adaptable to technology

• Technology as a tool

• The MOOC ‘platform’ • Digital comfort

Teaching and the teacher

Ability to handle multiplicity of media

Blackboard, video, Virtual room, etc.

Engaging content ?

‘One big difference between a MOOC and a traditional course is that a MOOC is completely voluntary. You decide that you want to participate, you decide how to participate, then you participate. If you're not motivated, then you're not in the MOOC.’

Downes, S. (2011). What a MOOC Does http://halfanhour.blogspot.com/2012/03/what-mooc-does-cha

Remarks..

Course at IITB https://www.edx.org/course/introduction-computer-programming-part-1-iitbombayx-cs101-

1x#.U3XMasKKCid

Example: Academic Financial

Trading Platform Founded by Carnegie Mellon University

professors, launched online business education courses in 2012 specifically for Indian MBA students and executives. http://www.academictrader.org/

Offer massively open online business courses by faculty from the world's top business schools to a broad community of students, researchers, and practitioners around the world completely for FREE.

26 March 2015 39

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/delhi/Carnegie-Mellon-University-professors-launch-online-business-education-courses-for-Indian-students/articleshow/17506783.cms?referral=PM

http://www.edukart.com/

Started by alumni of Stanford and IIMs.

Offers degree courses recognized by the University Grant Commission (UGC) and also professional certificates.

Not free.

26 March 2015 41

Indian Initiatives

http://www.swayamlearning.com/ - (Study Webs of Active-learning for Young Aspiring Minds)

http://www.mooconmooc.org/#/login

https://www.mooc-list.com/countrys/india

26 March 2015 42

http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/industry/services/education/delhi-university-set-to-launch-massive-open-online-courses/articleshow/45955770.cms

Sample MOOC Course

Offerings

https://www.mooc-list.com/

https://www.coursera.org/

https://www.edx.org/

http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/0/28293511

26 March 2015 43

MOOC platforms support

collaborative learning

Requirements What technology can offer

1. A shared task goal – for the teacher to specify ✓

2. Resources Weblinks, digital libraries, ✓

3. The means to discuss Online discussion forums, Blogs ✓

4. Guidance on the process Study guide: Roles, scripts, worksheets, teacher role

--

(Laurillard 2012)

Mobile Learning

Educators need to view smartphones not as a distraction to learning, but as an accelerator.

Students can use their personal devices to personalize their learning.

The where and when about using these devices may need to be worked out for effectiveness in an academic setting.

Source: Prof PN Rao

26 March 2015 45

Other Trends in Digital

environment

Flipped classroom/Blended instruction Collaborative Group Working using Mobile

phones Social media – Face Book, Linked In,

Research Gate, Blogs, … TED Talk series (Technology

,Entertainment & Design)

Source: Prof PN Rao

26 March 2015 46

Experience sharing..

Course I taught at IIT Delhi

MEL420: Total Quality Management

An elective course for final year B The students

Background to the course

Curriculum designed jointly by IIT Delhi, Industry associations and industry

Focus on applications of TQM

Emphasis on “Learning-by-doing” through the framework of Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA).

It is 3-0-2 course (meaning 3 lecture hours + 2 lab hours per week)

Course Design

Concept Through Customer satisfaction Regular feedback, change in

behavior, acknowledgement from them

Team working and syndicate exercises [

Discussions in labs, a variety of assignments, open-ended exercises etc.

Focus on softer aspects of TQM

By sensitizing students about team work, leadership, group dynamics , difficulties in implementing TQM etc.

Continuous process evaluation and improvements

Feedback, field level improvements actually carried out

MEL420: Total Quality Management Course Goals

To enable to

Appreciate importance of quality and its historical evolution

Understand continual improvement, customer satisfaction, process improvement and total organizational involvement;

Understand both technical and philosophical issues surrounding quality management;

Apply quantitative and qualitative tools and techniques in appropriate ways to investigate and ultimately resolve product or service quality concerns; and,

Evaluate the use of TQM initiatives, tools, and techniques in an organization

Course Overview ..1..

Module I: Fundamentals: Evolution of quality-Inspection, quality control, quality assurance and Total Quality Management, Customer-orientation: internal & external customer concept, Quality philosophies of Deming, Juan, Crosby, Ishikawa, Taguchi. TQM in manufacturing and services. Tools and improvement cycle (PDCA), Various TQM models.

Module II: Tools and Techniques: Seven QC tools (Histogram, Check sheets, Ishikawa diagrams, Pareto, Scatter diagrams, Control charts. Applications of these tools. Quality Function Deployment. Statistical Process Control, Process capability,

Course Overview..2..

Module III: Systems and Procedures: Poka-Yoke and system of mistake-proofing, JIT and Elimination of waste, House keeping and 5-S, Total Productive Maintenance, Six-Sigma methodology, Quality Costs Standardization etc.

Module IV: Human Resources Management & Implementation: Organizational, Communicational and Team requirements. Attitude, value system and behavioral patterns. Use of teams in process management. Group dynamics, Quality circles, high performance and self-directed teams. Motivation and leadership theories Empowerment. Human resource polices in TQM. Quality strategy and policy. Quality award models: Rajeev Gandhi National Quality Award Model, European Quality Award, Deming prize, self-assessment, Benchmarking ;Continuous vs breakthrough improvements. Management of change. Implementation barriers. TQM practices

Methodology

of Teaching-Learning Process

Lecture sessions

Hands-on lab sessions

Case studies

Video films

Computer simulations

Guest lectures from industry

Industry visits

Mini-projects

Quiz Minor Tests

Major Test

Mini-Project

Lab Book Review etc.

5 % 25% 35% 15 % 15 % 5 %

Repository of Digital tools ...

NPTEL

Aview

Youtube

Slideshare

Blog

Facebook/linkedin

Google+ hangouts/Skype

26 March 2015 54

Digital tool : NPTEL Resource

NPTEL course on TQM

http://nptel.ac.in/courses/index.php?subjectId=110105039

26 March 2015 55

Digital tool :

Amrita Virtual Interactive E-learning World(a-

view)

A-VIEW Single Window

www.aview.in

IIT Bombay uses A-VIEW for Training

more than 3800 Teachers online

Digital tool : YouTube

MEL420: Total Quality Management

Module : Fundamentals

1 De i g’s Theory of Systems

http://www.youtube.com/watch

?v=2MJ3lGJ4OFo

14.49 Min

2 Jura ’s Theory http://www.youtube.com/watch

?v=umkh4pUnAhg

1.34 Min

3 Feige bau ’s Theory http://www.youtube.com/watch

?v=0FIyxz-F7LQ

o.47 Min

4 Philip Crosby http://www.youtube.com/watch

?v=YP2Y4NvaDpk

1.13 Min

5 Ishikawa http://www.youtube.com/watch

?v=iaMkckimA-g

0.37 Min

6 Interesting movie on

Chair assembly

http://www.youtube.com/watch

?v=bTE9kbEuMgQ

8.42 Min

7 On TQM http://www.youtube.com/

watch?v=OSA1q107IYg

2.31 Min 26 March 2015 59

Watch Youtube:

Deming’s Theory of Systems

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2MJ3lGJ4OFo

Joseph Juran (1904-2008)

Management Involvement

Quality trilogy Quality Planning

Quality Control

Quality Improvement http://www.youtube.com/wa

tch?v=umkh4pUnAhg

Digital tool: Research gate

Slideshare

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260552718_TQM-Summary-2014?ev=prf_pub

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260286167_MEL420_Total_Quality_Management_Quality_Award_Models__Need__Self-assessment_process__Rajeev_Gandhi_National_Quality_Award__Deming_Award?ev=prf_pub

http://www.slideshare.net/SanjeevDeshmukh/research-visibiltysgd

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/262566120_NPTEL-experience-sharing-2011

Digital tool : Blog

http://iitdtqm.blogspot.in/

http://sgdeshmuk.blogspot.in/

26 March 2015 63

26 March 2015 P.N. Rao 64

What we did in the Course

Total Lab assignments: 10

Quizzes:2

Minors:2

Major:1

Book Review/PT : 1

Mini Project: 1

Youtube Links: 22+

Quality through digital sources Memory based

teaching as opposed to a more engaging and creative learning process

Acute shortage of faculty

Outdated curriculum

Lack of linkage between knowledge & skills

Multi-media and interactive tools to make interesting learning

Faculty resources can be shared through IT

Dynamic curriculum looking at the industry needs

Web connectivity

Remarks..

Both teachers and students construct knowledge collaboratively and the student is an active partner in this process.

Teacher as a guide rather than a sage on the stage !

Self-directed and life –long learning

Teacher's role not extinct but Distinct (Fr Rex Angelo, 2009)

Teaching as a reflective practice not a reflex practice

Implication : Interactivity

Interactivity being more recent in the IT evolution

Enables to understand customer (student) better

Helps in understanding various features and add-ons by close interaction

Feedback through blogging/facebook etc.

68

Implication for Quality

Management: Connectivity !

Communication is anytime, anywhere via any device : Person-to-person, person-to-machine, machine-to-machine

Connecting to Information sources Connecting to Change Connecting to an ever-changing , far

reaching universe Connecting to new issues and trends Connecting to diverse resources

Insights..

Shift from the perspective of knowledge giver/sender to the perspective of knowledge receiver/recipient

Emphasis on Learning !!!

People do not select medium BUT they adopt themselves to medium (Prof N Cho, Hanyang University, Korea, 2 Jan 2009 at IIITM Gwalior)

Strategy for TQM in a digital

environment

Active use of digital resources

Knowledge sharing

Stress on continuous improvement

Listening to the voice of customer(internal or external)

71

Remembering

Understanding

Applying

Analyzing

Evaluating

Creating

Bloom’s Taxonomy for learning

The global demand for education requires

investment in pedagogic innovation for

MOOCs to deliver

TEL-based pedagogic innovation must support

students at a better than 1:25 staff-student

ratio

Teachers need the tools to design, test, gather

The global demand for education requires investment in

pedagogic innovation :Digital environment provides that…

Teachers need the tools to design, test, gather the evidence of

what works, and model benefits and costs

Designing learning experiences that use technology for

learning is challenging so resilience and robustness are a must!

Teachers are the engine of innovation – designing, testing,

sharing their best pedagogic ideas

Concluding remarks.

Thank You! deshmukh.sg@gmail.com

Visit me www.slideshare.net/SanjeevDeshmukh/