Digital Camera

( digicam) . [1] , [2] PDAs ( ).

. [3] , imager . , , , . . stitch .

:

1975 -coupled Sasson [4] ; digitized. ; . 1990 . 2000 , - ikman.lk . 2010s .

:

CMOS . CMOS - Amplifier , Amplifier . [5] CMOS CCDs, . [6] -side- CMOS (BSI- CMOS ) . , . [6] [7]

[8] . , . , demosaicing , . " " . , . , 1000 1000 1,000,000 , 1 .

, , .

- ( , (, , ) -CCD ).

- . - . . Microscanning . . .

. , . ( - , ) . .

. . , - . [ ?]

21 , .

, ,

. demosaicing RGB .

-splitter 3CCD , - , - X3 sensor , demosaicing.

RGB , Adobe , : , , ( , ). , ( ) .

2x2 . , . 4- , . , .

interpolated

35mm . .

35mm . , digicams 35mm - . , 35mm . - SLRS 35mm .

DSLRs (APS-) 1.3x, Nikon, Pentax KONICA Minolta APS- 1.5x, 1.6 (APS , 4/3 2x ~ 1.7x -C). , 4x .

Table of sensor sizes[9]

Type

Width (mm)

Height (mm)

Size (mm)

1/3.6"

4.00

3.00

12.0

1/3.2"

4.54

3.42

15.5

1/3"

4.80

3.60

17.3

1/2.7"

5.37

4.04

21.7

1/2.5"

5.76

4.29

24.7

1/2.3"

6.16

4.62

28.5

1/2"

6.40

4.80

30.7

1/1.8"

7.18

5.32

38.2

1/1.7"

7.60

5.70

43.3

2/3"

8.80

6.60

58.1

1"

12.8

9.6

123

4/3"

18.0

13.5

243

APS-C

25.1

16.7

419

35 mm

36

24

864

Back

48

36

1728

, . , multispectral astrographs , , .

(pocketable) "" .

. , actuating . , (superzoom) .

. , " ", . . compactness ; lossy (jpeg) . , . Flash hotshoe . LCD . .

Zoom , (30x ) (60x ) DSLR . [10] Autofocus imager - . DSLRs autofocus . 30x , viewfinder, , , Wi-Fi- 10fps Full HD 60p, , NFC GPS . [11]

, skeuomorphic [12] .

, , 7 4. , 6 11 .. , . Cyber-shot DSC-RX1 - , , , DSLR .

. [13]. () , , .

2011 3D . 3D 3D 3D .

2013 , - , , . [14]

, , . , freezeproof, heatproof, crushproof . . [15] 10 (3M), 82 (27 ) . Ruggeds , . Flash . - LCD GPS . 100 . [16] [17]

:

[]

GoPro , , , , , .

[]

SONY DSC-H2

DSLRs , , DSLR- DSLR- . , . PSAM . . autofocus - .

superzoom . Bridgcams DSLR , .

2014 , 20 24mm handholdable Zoom ( ) " 1 / 2.3 (35mm ) 1000mm supertele , , (, ISO) 200mm Zoom , 1 " ( , : RX10) 400mm ( , : Lumix FZ1000) , 10 15 Zoom .

telephoto . viewfinder (EVF) . DSLR . JPEG . [18] Flash , hotshoe .

, , Zoom . , . [19]

Mirrorless - []

: Mirrorless -

2008 , mirrorless - (MILC), . , DSLRs . MILC Pentax ( Pentax 1 / 1.7 ) , 1 / 2.3 ; 1 ; ; NEX APS- , Pentax -01, Canon EOS ; 7 , (35 ..) .

, . 2014 , . [20]

2014 , MILC . [21]

[]

- , .

2009 1999 1998 Minolta DiMAGE EX 1500 Minolta MetaFlash 3D 1500 , 1996 Minolta DiMAGE GXR .

CES 2013 , Sakar -sensor - "1 Polaroid iM1836, 18 . , Nikon -mount . [22]

( ) . , viewfinder, . . :

Sony 2014 2013 SmartShot QX Cyber-shot DSC-SmartShot QX10 DSC-QX100 . [23] 2014 , Cyber-shot DSC-SmartShot QX30 SmartShot ILCE-QX1 , [24] [25] -mount .

2014 [26] PixPro

2014 [27] Vivitar / Sakar Vivicam

, 2014 2015 , ( ) 2 ( ) . [28] [29]

[]

-30 DSLR

:

(DSLR) . , , 45 DSLR penta- / viewfinder . penta- / , viewfinder / ( ) .

Autofocus . DSLRs " " .

, 18 36 mm .. ( 2, 1.6, 1) . ; , . , .

. , .

, (DSLT) []

:

DSLT DSLR . , - . DSLR Finder (OVF) pentaprism / pentamirror . . , . DSLT DSLR , DSLT DSLR . [ ] DSLT DSLR DSLT viewfinder . DSLT - . - , . [ ]

2014 , DSLT . 2014 , , DSLRs DSLTs . [ ]

rangefinders []

:

- . , .

- []

- Matrix . . PCI grabber . grabber .

, TDI ( ) .

. 2D . "" . .

, . .

:

[]

. periscope , 2.31 IPx7 - IPx8 . Finder LCD . 146 , . , . , , iOS , ,, . [30]