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SUPLEDAL

MENTASILAM PAKA

gun

I L-KARNIAN TERHA

PERA

Untukmemnamempero

diUniv

Prog

FAKU

UNIVERS

i

ITIN DANADAP KINNAKAN E

Skrip

menuhisebaolehderajatiFakultasPeversitasSeb

ram StudiP

Oleh

Satriya Wi

H05110

ULTAS PE

SITAS SEB

SURAKA

2016

MINYAKNERJA PROETAWA (PE

si

agianpersyatSarjanaPeertanian

belasMaret

Peternakan

:

idagdo

062

ERTANIAN

BELAS MA

ARTA

6

K IKAN TEODUKSI KE)

aratan eternakan

n

N

ARET

RPROTEKKAMBING

KSI G


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iii

KATA PENGANTAR

Pujisyukurpenuliskepada Allah SWT yang

telahmemberikanberkahdanrahmat-Nya

sehinggapenulisdapatmenyelesaikanpenyusunanskripsi yang

berjudulSuplementasiL-

karnitindanMinyakIkanTerproteksiDalamPakanTerhadapKinerjaProduksi

Kambing Peranakan Etawa (PE).Selama proses penulisanskripsiini,

penulistelahmendapatbimbingan, dukungan, bantuandandoadariberbagaipihak.

Olehkarenaitu, padakesempataninipenulisinginmengucapkanterimakasihkepada:

1. DekanFakultasPertanianUniversitasSebelasMaret Surakarta.

2. Prof. Dr. Ir. Sudibya, MS selakuPembimbingUtamaSkripsi yang

telahmeluangkanwaktu,

tenagadanpikiranuntukmemberikanbimbingansebelummaupunsesudahpeneliti

ansampaiakhirnyaterbentukskripsiini.

3. AyuIntan Sari, S.Pt., M.Sc. selakuPembimbingPendampingSkripsi yang

telahmeluangkanwaktu,

tenagadanpikiranuntukmemberikanbimbingandenganpenuhkesabarandariawal

sampaiakhirnyaterbentukskripsiini.

4. WaraPratitisSabar S., S.Pt., M.P. selakuPengujiSkripsi yang

telahmemberikanevaluasidan saran dalampenyusunanskripsiini.

5. Skripsiini, penulispersembahkankepadakeluargapenulis, atas segaladukungan,

kasihsayang, semangat, pengorbanan dan doanya.

6. Seluruh teman-teman tim penelitian dan teman-teman Program Studi

Peternakan angkatan 2011.

7. Semua pihak yang telah banyak membantu kelancaran penyusunan skripsi ini

dan memberi dukungan, doa serta semangat bagi penulis untuk terus

berjuang.

Surakarta, Oktober 2016


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iv

Penulis

DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

HALAMAN JUDUL ...................................................................................... i

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN ........................................................................ ii

KATA PENGANTAR .................................................................................... iii

DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................... iv

DAFTAR TABEL .......................................................................................... vi

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN .................................................................................. vii

RINGKASAN ................................................................................................. viii

SUMMARY .................................................................................................... x

I. PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1

A. LatarBelakang ...................................................................................... 1

B. RumusanMasalah ................................................................................. 2

C. TujuanPenelitian ................................................................................... 4

II. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA .......................................................................... 5

A. Kambing PE ......................................................................................... 5

B. PakanKambing ..................................................................................... 6

C. KonsumsiPakan .................................................................................... 8

D. ProduksiSusu ........................................................................................ 9

E. Feed Efisiensi ....................................................................................... 11

F. Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) ........................................................... 12

HIPOTESIS .................................................................................................... 13

III. MATERI DAN METODE ...................................................................... 14

A. WaktudanTempatPenelitian. ................................................................ 14

B. MateriPenelitian ................................................................................... 14

C. PersiapanPenelitian .............................................................................. 16

D. CaraPenelitian. ..................................................................................... 17


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E. Analisis Data ....................................................................................... 19

IV. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................... 20

A. KonsumsiPakan .................................................................................... 20

B. ProduksiSusu ........................................................................................ 21

C. Feed Efisiensi ....................................................................................... 22

D. Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC) ........................................................... 23

V. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN ............................................................... 25

A. Kesimpulan .......................................................................................... 25

B. Saran ..................................................................................................... 25

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ..................................................................................... 26

LAMPIRAN ................................................................................................... . 30


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DAFTAR TABEL

No. JudulHalaman

1. Kandungannutriendalampakan yang digunakanpadapenelitian .................. 14

2. Komposisipenggunaanbahanpakan yang digunakanpadapenelitian ........... 15

3. Kandungannutrienpakandalampenelitian (100%) ....................................... 15

4. Rata-rata konsumsipakan, produksisusu, feed efisiensi, danIOFC . ........... 20


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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

No. Judul Halaman

1. Data danAnalisisRagamKonsumsiPakan .................................................... 30

2. Data danAnalisisRagamProduksiSusu ........................................................ 32

3. Data danAnalisisRagamFeed Efisiensi ....................................................... 36

4. Data PerhitunganIncome Over Feed Cost (IOFC) ...................................... 40


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viii

SUPLEMENTASI L-KARNITIN DAN MINYAK IKAN TERPROTEKSI DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP KINERJA PRODUKSI KAMBING

PERANAKAN ETAWA (PE)

Satriya Widagdo

H 0511062

RINGKASAN

Peternakanrakyatbiasanyamemberikanpakanberuparambanandankonsentratu

ntukternaknya, tetapipenggunaankonsentratdalampakandirasamasihkurangefisien.

Salah satucarauntukmeningkatkankinerjaproduksikambing PE

yaitudenganpemberianfeed additive. Penggunaanl-karnitin, minyakikanlemuru,

danminyakikan tuna, sebagaifeed

additivemerupakansalahsatuusahameningkatkanproduktivitasternak. l-

karnitinakanmembantu transfer

asamlemakrantaipanjanguntukmelintasimembrandalammitokondriamenujukematri

ksmitokondria. Minyakikan yang

mengandungasamlemaktakjenuhtidakdisukaiolehternakkarenabaunya yang amis,

sehinggaakanberpengaruhpadakonsumsipakan,

selainituakanmengalamihidrogenasidalam rumen

menjadiasamlemakjenuhsehinggaperludilakukanproteksiasamlemaktakjenuhdenga

nmetodepenyabunan. Suplementasiminyakikandalampakantidakbolehlebihdari 6-

7% daribahankeringpakan, karenaakanmempengaruhifermentasimikroorganisme

rumen.

Penelitiandilaksanakanpadatanggal 16 Juni- 13 September 2015 di

DesaGledeg, KecamatanKaranganom,

KabupatenKlaten.Analisisbahanpakanmenggunakanmetodeanalisisproksimat yang

dilaksanakan di LaboratoriumNutrisidanMakananTernak, Program

StudiPeternakan, FakultasPertanian, UniversitasSebelasMaret, Surakarta.

PenelitianinimenggunakandesainRancanganAcakKelompok (RAK) yang


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dilakukandalam 3 tahappenelitian.Materi yang digunakanyaitukambing PE

periodelaktasidenganrataanbobotbadanantara 20kg – 31kg sebanyak 12

ekor.Pakan yang diberikanadalahrambanan, konsentrat, danFeed Additive (l-

karnitin, minyakikanlemuru, danminyakikan tuna).Pakanperlakuanterdiridari P0 =

rambanan 60% + konsentrat 40%, P1 = P0 + l-karnitin 0,05% dalampakan, P2 = P1

+ minyakikanlemuruterproteksi 5% dalampakan, P3 = P1 + minyakikan tuna

terproteksi 5% dalampakan. Peubah yang diamatiadalahkonsumsipakan,

produksisusu, feed efisiensi,dan Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC).

Hasilanalisisvariansimenunjukkanbahwasuplementasil-

karnitindanminyakikanterproteksidalampakankambing PE berpengaruhtidaknyata

(P>0,05) terhadapkonsumsipakan, berpengaruhsangatnyata (P<0,01)

terhadapproduksisusu, feed efisiensi,

danterjadipeningkatanpendapatanpadapenghitungannilaiIOFC. Rata-rata

hasilpenelitianperlakuan P0, P1, P2, dan P3untukkonsumsipakansebesar1085.24;

1070.40; 1055.50; dan 1055.80 (gram/ekor/hari); produksisususebesar 820.67;

985; 1003.06; dan 1009.60 (gram/ekor/hari); nilaifeed efisiensisebesar0.76; 0.92;

0.95; dan 0.96; sertaIOFC sebesarRp 17.506,67; Rp 20.046,67; Rp 20.234,17;

danRp 20.459,58. Simpulandaripenelitianiniadalahsuplementasil-karnitin 500

ppm danminyakikanterproteksisebanyak 5%

dalampakandapatmeningkatkanproduksisusu, nilaifeed efisiensidanIOFC

namunbelummampumenurunkankonsumsipakan.


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x

L-CARNITINE SUPPLEMENTATION AND FISH OIL IN FEED ARE

PROTECTED AGAINST THE WORK OF ETAWA CROSSBREED

GOATS (PE) PRODUCTION

Satriya Widagdo

H 0511062

.

SUMMARY

The livestock of populace give feed kind of leaves and concentrate for their

livestock, but the use of concentrate in feed is still not efficient. One of the ways

to improve performance of PE goat production is by giving feed additive. The use

of l-carnitine, lemuru fish oil, and tuna fish oil, as a feed additive is one effort to

improve livestock productivity. l-carnitine will help transfer to fatty acids long

chain across the mitochondrial inner membrane leading to the mitochondrial

matrix. Fish oil containing unsaturated fatty acids are not preferred by livestock

because it smells fishy, so it will make affect in feed intake, otherwise it will make

hydrogenation in the rumen becomes saturated fatty acids so it is necessary to

protect the unsaturated fatty acids by saponification method. Fish oil

supplementation in feed should not be more than 6-7% of the dry material of feed,

because it will affect rumen microorganisms fermentation.

The research was conducted on 16 June to 13 September 2015 Gledeg

Village, Karanganom sub district, Klaten regency. Analysis of feed materials

using proximate analysis method conducted at the Laboratory of Nutrition and

Feed Livestock, Livestock Studies Program, Faculty of Agriculture, SebelasMaret

University, Surakarta. In this research using the design of The design of this study

was Random Design Category that carried out in 3 stages of the research. The

material used is goat PE lactation period with the average weight between 20kg -

31kg as many as 12 heads. The woof given is leaves, concentrate, and Feed

Additive (l-carnitine, lemuru fish oil, and tuna fish oil). The feed treatment

consists of P0 = the leaves 60% + concentrate 40%, P1 = P0+ l-carnitine 0.05% in


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xi

woof, P2 = P1+ lemuru fish oil protected 5% in feed, P3 = P1 + tuna fish oil

protected 5 % in feed. The parameters measured were the feed intake, milk

production, feed efficiency, and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC).

The results of analysis of variance showed that supplementation with L-

carnitine and fish oil protected in goat PE’s feed is not significant effect (P> 0.05)

on feed intake, was highly significant (P <0.01) on milk production, feed

efficiency, and increasing revenue in calculating the value of IOFC. The average

results of the study treatment P0, P1, P2, and P3 for feed consumption a number of

1085.24; 1070.40; 1055.50; and 1055.80 (g / head / day); milk production a

number of 820.67; 985; 1003.06; and 1009.60 (g / head / day); the value of feed

efficiency by 0.76; 0.92; 0.95; and 0.96; and IOFC Rp 17.506,67; Rp 20.046,67;

Rp 20.234,17; and Rp 20.459,58. The conclusions of this study is the l-carntine

supplementation 500 ppm and fish oil protected as much as 5% in the feed can

increase milk production, feed efficiency and IOFC value but it has not been able

to lower feed consumption.


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Keterangan (1) MahasiswaJurusanPeternakanFakultasPertanianUniversitasSebelasMaret Surakarta,

dengan NIM H 0511062 (2) DosenPembimbingUtama (3) DosenPembimbingPendamping

L-CARNITINE SUPPLEMENTATION AND FISH OIL IN

FEEDARE PROTECTED AGAINST THE WORK OF ETAWA CROSSBREED GOATS (PE)

PRODUCTION

SatriyaWidagdo(1) Prof. Dr. Ir. Sudibya, MS.(2)

AyuIntan Sari, S.Pt., M.Sc(3)

ABSTRACT

The livestock of populace give feed kind of leaves and concentrate for their livestock, but the use of concentrate in feed is still not efficient. One of the ways to improve performance of PE goat production is by giving feed additive. The use of l-carnitine, lemuru fish oil, and tuna fish oil, as a feed additive is one effort to improve livestock productivity. l-carnitine will help transfer to fatty acids long chain across the mitochondrial inner membrane leading to the mitochondrial matrix. Fish oil containing unsaturated fatty acids are not preferred by livestock because it smells fishy, so it will make affect in feed intake, otherwise it will make hydrogenation in the rumen becomes saturated fatty acids so it is necessary to protect the unsaturated fatty acids by saponification method. Fish oil supplementation in feed should not be more than 6-7% of the dry material of feed, because it will affect rumen microorganisms fermentation.

The research was conducted on 16 June to 13 September 2015 Gledeg Village, Karanganom sub district, Klaten regency. Analysis of feed materials using proximate analysis method conducted at the Laboratory of Nutrition and Feed Livestock, Livestock Studies Program, Faculty of Agriculture, SebelasMaret University, Surakarta. In this research using the design of The design of this study was Random Design Category that carried out in 3 stages of the research. The material used is goat PE lactation period with the average weight between 20kg - 31kg as many as 12 heads. The woof given is leaves, concentrate, and Feed Additive (l-carnitine, lemuru fish oil, and tuna fish oil). The feed treatment consists of P0 = the leaves 60% + concentrate 40%, P1 = P0+ l-carnitine 0.05% in woof, P2 = P1+ lemuru fish oil protected 5% in feed, P3 = P1 + tuna fish oil protected 5 % in feed. The parameters measured were the feed intake, milk production, feed efficiency, and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC).

The results of analysis of variance showed that supplementation with L-carnitine and fish oil protected in goat PE’s feed is not significant effect (P> 0.05) on feed intake, was highly significant (P <0.01) on milk production, feed efficiency, and increasing revenue in calculating the value of IOFC. The average results of the study treatment P0, P1, P2, and P3 for feed consumption a number of 1085.24; 1070.40; 1055.50; and 1055.80 (g / head / day); milk production a number of 820.67; 985; 1003.06; and 1009.60 (g / head / day); the value of feed efficiency by 0.76; 0.92; 0.95; and 0.96; and IOFC Rp 17.506,67; Rp 20.046,67; Rp 20.234,17; and Rp 20.459,58.

The conclusions of this study is the l-carntine supplementation 500 ppm and fish oil protected as much as 5% in the feed can increase milk production, feed efficiency and IOFC value but it has not been able to lower feed consumption. Keywords :Goats PE, The Work of Production, L-carnitine, Fish Oil


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Keterangan (1) Mahasiswa Jurusan Peternakan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta,

dengan NIM H 0511062 (2) Dosen Pembimbing Utama (3) Dosen Pembimbing Pendamping

SUPLEMENTASI L-KARNITIN DAN MINYAK IKAN

TERPROTEKSI DALAM PAKAN TERHADAP KINERJA PRODUKSI KAMBING PERANAKAN

ETAWA (PE)

Satriya Widagdo(1) Prof. Dr. Ir. Sudibya, MS.(2)

Ayu Intan Sari, S.Pt., M.Sc (3)

ABSTRAK

Peternakan rakyat biasanya memberikan pakan berupa rambanan dan konsentrat untuk ternaknya, tetapi penggunaan konsentrat dalam pakan dirasa masih kurang efisien. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kinerja produksi kambing PE yaitu dengan pemberian feed additive. Penggunaan l-karnitin, minyak ikan lemuru, dan minyak ikan tuna, sebagai feed additive merupakan salah satu usaha meningkatkan produktivitas ternak. l-karnitin akan membantu transfer asam lemak rantai panjang untuk melintasi membran dalam mitokondria menuju ke matriks mitokondria. Minyak ikan yang mengandung asam lemak tak jenuh tidak disukai oleh ternak karena baunya yang amis, sehingga akan berpengaruh pada konsumsi pakan, selain itu akan mengalami hidrogenasi dalam rumen menjadi asam lemak jenuh sehingga perlu dilakukan proteksi asam lemak tak jenuh dengan metode penyabunan. Suplementasi minyak ikan dalam pakan tidak boleh lebih dari 6-7% dari bahan kering pakan, karena akan mempengaruhi fermentasi mikroorganisme rumen.

Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 16 Juni - 13 September 2015 di Desa Gledeg, Kecamatan Karanganom, Kabupaten Klaten. Analisis bahan pakan menggunakan metode analisis proksimat yang dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak, Program Studi Peternakan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang dilakukan dalam 3 tahap penelitian. Materi yang digunakan yaitu kambing PE periode laktasi dengan rataan bobot badan antara 20kg – 31kg sebanyak 12 ekor. Pakan yang diberikan adalah rambanan, konsentrat, dan Feed Additive (l-karnitin, minyak ikan lemuru, dan minyak ikan tuna). Pakan perlakuan terdiri dari P0 = rambanan 60% + konsentrat 40%, P1 = P0 + l-karnitin 0,05% dalam pakan, P2 = P1 + minyak ikan lemuru terproteksi 5%

dalam pakan, P3 = P1 + minyak ikan tuna terproteksi 5% dalam pakan. Peubah yang diamati adalah konsumsi pakan, produksi susu, feed efisiensi,dan Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC).

Hasil analisis variansi menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi l-karnitin dan minyak ikan terproteksi dalam pakan kambing PE berpengaruh tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi pakan, berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0,01) terhadap produksi susu, feed efisiensi, dan terjadi peningkatan pendapatan pada penghitungan nilai IOFC. Rata-rata hasil penelitian perlakuan P0, P1, P2, dan P3 untuk konsumsi pakan sebesar 1085.24; 1070.40; 1055.50; dan 1055.80 (gram/ekor/hari); produksi susu sebesar 820.67; 985; 1003.06; dan 1009.60 (gram/ekor/hari); nilai feed efisiensi sebesar 0.76; 0.92; 0.95; dan 0.96; serta IOFC sebesarRp 17.506,67; Rp 20.046,67; Rp 20.234,17; dan Rp 20.459,58.

Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah suplementasi l-karnitin 500 ppm dan minyak ikan terproteksi sebanyak 5% dalam pakan dapat meningkatkan produksi susu, nilai feed efisiensi dan IOFC namun belum mampu menurunkan konsumsi pakan. Kata kunci:Kambing PE, kinerja produksi, l-karnitin, minyak ikan.

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