Digestive & Urinary SystemDigestive & Urinary SystemEssential Question: What is the purpose of the Essential Question: What is the purpose of the

digestive system? Ch. 17 – Lesson 1digestive system? Ch. 17 – Lesson 1

Standard: 1.1.6 – Students will analyze the effect of Standard: 1.1.6 – Students will analyze the effect of behaviors & habits relating to diet & other choices on behaviors & habits relating to diet & other choices on various systems like the digestive system.various systems like the digestive system.I Can Statement: I can learn more about my body systems I Can Statement: I can learn more about my body systems and the purpose they have. and the purpose they have.

What’s your Health Status?What’s your Health Status?

Answer yes, no, sometimesAnswer yes, no, sometimes1.1. I eat foods that are low in fat & high in fiber I eat foods that are low in fat & high in fiber

everyday.everyday.2.2. I limit my intake of salty foods, high sugar I limit my intake of salty foods, high sugar

snacks and soft drinks.snacks and soft drinks.3.3. I avoid using food as a way of coping with my I avoid using food as a way of coping with my

emotions.emotions.4.4. I brush my teeth at least twice a day and floss I brush my teeth at least twice a day and floss

at least once a day. at least once a day.

Health Status – cont.Health Status – cont.

5. I chew each bite of food thoroughly 5. I chew each bite of food thoroughly before swallowing. before swallowing.

6. I wash my hands before preparing food 6. I wash my hands before preparing food or eating.or eating.

7. I do not use laxatives except when 7. I do not use laxatives except when recommended by a health professional.recommended by a health professional.

8. I drink at least 8 – 8 ounce glasses of 8. I drink at least 8 – 8 ounce glasses of water each day.water each day.

Health Status – cont.Health Status – cont.

9. I seek medical attention when diarrhea 9. I seek medical attention when diarrhea persists for more than 48 hours.persists for more than 48 hours.

10. If necessary, I would discuss with a 10. If necessary, I would discuss with a health care professional any changes in health care professional any changes in urine color or odor, as well as any urine color or odor, as well as any changes in frequency of urination.changes in frequency of urination.

The Digestive SystemThe Digestive System

Draw-describe the path that food takes Draw-describe the path that food takes from the time you ingest it until it is from the time you ingest it until it is eliminated from the body.eliminated from the body.

Functions of the Digestive SystemFunctions of the Digestive System

3 Main Processes3 Main Processes

1.1. DigestionDigestion

2.2. AbsorptionAbsorption

3.3. EliminationElimination

Structures of the Digestive SystemStructures of the Digestive System

Process begins in the mouthProcess begins in the mouth Ingestion, 1Ingestion, 1stst stage stage Structures involved in ingestion 1(teeth)Structures involved in ingestion 1(teeth)

2(Salivary glands) 3(tongue)2(Salivary glands) 3(tongue)

The EsophagusThe Esophagus

When swallowed, food enters here.When swallowed, food enters here. A muscular tube about 10 inches long.A muscular tube about 10 inches long. Connects pharynx with the stomach.Connects pharynx with the stomach.

PeristalsisPeristalsis

A series of involuntary muscle A series of involuntary muscle contractions that move food through the contractions that move food through the digestive tract.digestive tract.

Action is like a wave moving through the Action is like a wave moving through the muscle to push food & fluid through.muscle to push food & fluid through.

Sphincter Muscle/The StomachSphincter Muscle/The Stomach

Sphincter: Located at the entrance to the Sphincter: Located at the entrance to the stomach allows food to move from the stomach allows food to move from the esophagus into the stomach. esophagus into the stomach.

Stomach: Flexible organ (food may stay Stomach: Flexible organ (food may stay in stomach up to 6 hours)in stomach up to 6 hours)

Stomach expands when you eatStomach expands when you eat Stomach is a hollow, saclike organ Stomach is a hollow, saclike organ

enclosed in a muscular wallenclosed in a muscular wall

3 Tasks in Digestion3 Tasks in Digestion

1. Mixing foods with gastric juices; helps 1. Mixing foods with gastric juices; helps digest proteins; kills bacteriadigest proteins; kills bacteria

2. Hydrochloric Acid: strong enough to 2. Hydrochloric Acid: strong enough to dissolve metal. Mucous forms to protect dissolve metal. Mucous forms to protect lining of stomach.lining of stomach.

3. Storing swallowed food & liquid.3. Storing swallowed food & liquid. 4. Moving food into the small intestine. 4. Moving food into the small intestine.

Food is converted to chyme.Food is converted to chyme.

The Pancreas, Liver & GallbladderThe Pancreas, Liver & Gallbladder

Pancreas: produces enzymes that Pancreas: produces enzymes that breakdown carbs, fats & proteinsbreakdown carbs, fats & proteins

Liver: produces bile to breakdown & Liver: produces bile to breakdown & absorb fats.absorb fats.

Gallbladder: at mealtime bile is secreted Gallbladder: at mealtime bile is secreted from here & mixes with fats.from here & mixes with fats.

The Small IntestineThe Small Intestine

20 to 23 feet long20 to 23 feet long 1 inch in diameter1 inch in diameter Consists of 3 parts: 1 (Duodenum) Consists of 3 parts: 1 (Duodenum)

2 (Jejunum) 3 ( ileum)2 (Jejunum) 3 ( ileum) Inner wall contains villa (fingerlike Inner wall contains villa (fingerlike

projections; nutrients sent here)projections; nutrients sent here)

The LiverThe Liver

The liver is the body’s heaviest gland & The liver is the body’s heaviest gland & largest organ after the skin.largest organ after the skin.

Produces bile and removes toxins such Produces bile and removes toxins such as alcohol from the blood.as alcohol from the blood.

Large IntestineLarge Intestine

Undigested parts of food pass into the Undigested parts of food pass into the coloncolon

2.5 inches in diameter2.5 inches in diameter 5 – 6 feet long5 – 6 feet long Absorbs water; vitamins and saltsAbsorbs water; vitamins and salts Eliminate wastesEliminate wastes

Ch. 17 – Lesson 2Ch. 17 – Lesson 2Care & Problems of the Digestive SystemCare & Problems of the Digestive System

Essential Question: What problems Essential Question: What problems should we be aware of with our digestive should we be aware of with our digestive system?system?

Standard: 1.1.6 – Students will analyze Standard: 1.1.6 – Students will analyze the effect of individual behaviors, choices the effect of individual behaviors, choices & habits relating to diet on various body & habits relating to diet on various body systems like the digestive system.systems like the digestive system.

Health BehaviorsHealth Behaviors

Eat nutrient rich foodsEat nutrient rich foods Healthy eating habits reduce risk of problems Healthy eating habits reduce risk of problems

with digestionwith digestion Choose high fiber foodsChoose high fiber foods Low in fatLow in fat Wash hands before eatingWash hands before eating Eat slow; chew thoroughlyEat slow; chew thoroughly Drink 8 glasses of waterDrink 8 glasses of water Don’t eat when emotionalDon’t eat when emotional

Problems of Digestive SystemProblems of Digestive System

Minor discomfort caused by indigestionMinor discomfort caused by indigestion Upset stomachUpset stomach Bacterial infectionsBacterial infections Food borne illnessesFood borne illnesses appendicitisappendicitis

Digestion ProblemsDigestion Problems

Indigestion: feeling of discomfort in the upper Indigestion: feeling of discomfort in the upper abdomen, caused by eating too much, eating abdomen, caused by eating too much, eating too quickly, spicy food, high fat content, stress.too quickly, spicy food, high fat content, stress.

Heartburn: burning sensation in center of Heartburn: burning sensation in center of chest; acid reflux, hiatal hernia (stomach chest; acid reflux, hiatal hernia (stomach pushes through an opening.pushes through an opening.

Gas: produced by carbs/crampsGas: produced by carbs/cramps Constipation: bowel movements become Constipation: bowel movements become

difficult, caused by not drinking enough water, difficult, caused by not drinking enough water, need more fiber in diet.need more fiber in diet.

Ch. 17 – Hands on Health (pg. 449)Ch. 17 – Hands on Health (pg. 449)

Make Posters – Hands on HealthMake Posters – Hands on Health Follow instructions – Get a partner or Follow instructions – Get a partner or

small groupsmall group Poster Board etc – Present & hang up in Poster Board etc – Present & hang up in

class (Work on these at school)class (Work on these at school)

Research – Structural ProblemsResearch – Structural ProblemsLesson 2Lesson 2

Do a research paper on these topics and Do a research paper on these topics and a poster (3 to a group)a poster (3 to a group)

Gallstones CirrhosisGallstones Cirrhosis Appendicitis Crohns diseaseAppendicitis Crohns disease Gastritis Colon cancerGastritis Colon cancer Lactose intolerance ColitisLactose intolerance Colitis Peptic ulcer HemorrhoidsPeptic ulcer Hemorrhoids Tooth DecayTooth Decay

The Urinary SystemThe Urinary SystemCh. 17 – Lesson 3 Ch. 17 – Lesson 3

Essential Question: What are the Essential Question: What are the structures & functions of the urinary structures & functions of the urinary system? system?

Standards: 1.1, 1.3, 1.1.6 Students will Standards: 1.1, 1.3, 1.1.6 Students will analyze effects of individual behavior analyze effects of individual behavior choices & habits relating to various choices & habits relating to various systems.systems.

Urinary System FactsUrinary System Facts

The kidneys use filtration to cleanse the The kidneys use filtration to cleanse the blood.blood.

The urinary system removes liquid waste.The urinary system removes liquid waste. Problems in the urinary system, if left Problems in the urinary system, if left

untreated, can affect the entire body and untreated, can affect the entire body and may result in death when severe.may result in death when severe.

Functions of the Urinary SystemFunctions of the Urinary System

Main function: filter wasteMain function: filter waste Filters extra fluid from bloodFilters extra fluid from blood Urine is liquid waste material excreted Urine is liquid waste material excreted

from the bodyfrom the body Urine contains water and body wastes Urine contains water and body wastes

that contain nitrogen; can become toxic that contain nitrogen; can become toxic to cells if it remains in the body too longto cells if it remains in the body too long

KidneysKidneys

Bean shaped organBean shaped organ Size of fistSize of fist Near the middle of back, just below rib Near the middle of back, just below rib

cagecage Removes waste from blood through tiny Removes waste from blood through tiny

filtering units called nephrons (functional filtering units called nephrons (functional unit of the kidney)unit of the kidney)

Kidney – cont.Kidney – cont.

Contains 1 million nephronsContains 1 million nephrons Each nephron consists of a ball formed of Each nephron consists of a ball formed of

capillaries called a glomerulus; and a small capillaries called a glomerulus; and a small tube called a renal tubule that functions as a tube called a renal tubule that functions as a filtering funnel.filtering funnel.

They monitor & maintain body acid base and They monitor & maintain body acid base and water balancewater balance

The urinary system filters 50 gallons of blood The urinary system filters 50 gallons of blood and produce 1 to 2 quarts of urine each day.and produce 1 to 2 quarts of urine each day.

Vocabulary – Ch. 17Vocabulary – Ch. 17

Ureters: tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder, Ureters: tubes that connect the kidneys to the bladder, 8 to 10 inches long.8 to 10 inches long.

Urine is passed from ureter to the bladder every 15 Urine is passed from ureter to the bladder every 15 seconds.seconds.

Bladder: a hollow muscular organ that acts as a Bladder: a hollow muscular organ that acts as a reservoir for urine.reservoir for urine.

Urethra: the tube that leads from the bladder to the Urethra: the tube that leads from the bladder to the outside of the body.outside of the body.

Pg. 455: Exploring health issues (turn-in)Pg. 455: Exploring health issues (turn-in) Read – write short answer to ACTIVITIES & Read – write short answer to ACTIVITIES &

QUESTIONS 1 and 2QUESTIONS 1 and 2

Health Behaviors & The Urinary SystemHealth Behaviors & The Urinary System

Drink 8 – 8 ounce glasses of water a dayDrink 8 – 8 ounce glasses of water a day Eat well balanced dietEat well balanced diet Practice good hygiene & personal health Practice good hygiene & personal health

carecare Have regular health – medical check ups. Have regular health – medical check ups.

Report an changes of color or odor of Report an changes of color or odor of urine.urine.

Problems of Urinary SystemProblems of Urinary System

InfectionInfection Blockage of UrineBlockage of Urine Cystitis: inflammation of the bladder caused by Cystitis: inflammation of the bladder caused by

bacteriabacteria Urethritis: inflammation of the urethra caused Urethritis: inflammation of the urethra caused

by bacteriaby bacteria Symptoms of both is: burning pain during Symptoms of both is: burning pain during

urination, increased frequency of urination, urination, increased frequency of urination, fever, presence of blood in urinefever, presence of blood in urine

Treatment: antibioticsTreatment: antibiotics

Kidney ProblemsKidney Problems

Can be Life Threatening!Can be Life Threatening! NephritisNephritis Kidney stones: Calcium deposits (pass or Kidney stones: Calcium deposits (pass or

treatment required)treatment required) Uremia: serious, decrease of blood Uremia: serious, decrease of blood

filteringfiltering

Kidney FailureKidney Failure

Hemodialysis: artificial kidney removes Hemodialysis: artificial kidney removes wastes from bloodwastes from blood

Peritoneal dialysis: a catheter; tube Peritoneal dialysis: a catheter; tube provides passage way for fluids. Inserted provides passage way for fluids. Inserted into abdominal wall to remove toxins.into abdominal wall to remove toxins.

Kidney transplant: replacement by a Kidney transplant: replacement by a donordonor

Ch. 17 – Lesson 4 & 5Ch. 17 – Lesson 4 & 5

Lesson 4: Ch. 17 Review: Pg. 460Lesson 4: Ch. 17 Review: Pg. 460 Exploring Health Terms 1-12Exploring Health Terms 1-12 Recalling the Facts 1-12Recalling the Facts 1-12 Lesson 5: Thinking Critically – 461Lesson 5: Thinking Critically – 461 Answer # 1Answer # 1 Answer # 2Answer # 2 Answer # 3Answer # 3