Diesel Regulations Affecting Diesel Regulations Affecting Public FleetsPublic Fleets

Presented for the Public Fleet Presented for the Public Fleet Supervisors AssociationSupervisors Association

January 19, 2006January 19, 2006

Diana AcevedoDiana Acevedo

AgendaAgenda

IntroductionIntroduction Background on ARB’s Diesel Risk Background on ARB’s Diesel Risk

Reduction PlanReduction Plan Overview of the On-Road Diesel Overview of the On-Road Diesel

Public Fleet ATCMPublic Fleet ATCM Upcoming RegulationsUpcoming Regulations QuestionsQuestions

IntroductionIntroduction

Air Issues & Regulations (AIR) Committee

A Commit tee of the Bay Ar ea C l ean Water Agencies

Diana AcevedoDiana AcevedoStaff Engineer/CH2M HILLStaff Engineer/CH2M HILL

dacevedo@ch2m.comdacevedo@ch2m.com

Background: Background: Diesel Risk Reduction PlanDiesel Risk Reduction Plan

BackgroundBackground

In 1998, the California Air Resources In 1998, the California Air Resources Board (ARB) identified particulate Board (ARB) identified particulate matter (PM) from diesel engines as a matter (PM) from diesel engines as a toxic air contaminant (TAC)toxic air contaminant (TAC)• Over 1 million on-road & off-road Over 1 million on-road & off-road

vehiclesvehicles• 16,000 stationary engines16,000 stationary engines• 50,000 portable engines50,000 portable engines

BackgroundBackground

Why is ARB going after diesel PM?Why is ARB going after diesel PM?• Cancer risk of over 500 cases per million Cancer risk of over 500 cases per million

people (on a statewide basis)people (on a statewide basis)• Even higher risk for urban areas Even higher risk for urban areas

South Coast Air Basin: the cancer risk is South Coast Air Basin: the cancer risk is estimated to be 1000 cases per million estimated to be 1000 cases per million peoplepeople

• Compared to other air toxics that ARB Compared to other air toxics that ARB has regulated, diesel PM accounts for has regulated, diesel PM accounts for 70% of total ambient air risk70% of total ambient air risk

BackgroundBackground

To address Diesel PM, ARB adopted To address Diesel PM, ARB adopted the Diesel Risk Reduction Plan the Diesel Risk Reduction Plan (DRRP) in 2000(DRRP) in 2000• Goal: Goal: significantly reduce diesel PM significantly reduce diesel PM

emissionsemissions• Three components:Three components:

Stringent standards for new enginesStringent standards for new engines Retrofit requirements for existing enginesRetrofit requirements for existing engines Control sulfur-content of diesel fuelControl sulfur-content of diesel fuel

BackgroundBackground As part of the DRRP, ARB recommended As part of the DRRP, ARB recommended

several air toxic control measures (ATCMs)several air toxic control measures (ATCMs) ATCMs already adopted:ATCMs already adopted:

• Transit busesTransit buses• Solid waste collection vehiclesSolid waste collection vehicles• Stationary enginesStationary engines• Portable equipmentPortable equipment• Transportation refrigeration enginesTransportation refrigeration engines• Idling controlsIdling controls• 2007 model year emission standards for 2007 model year emission standards for

heavy-duty trucks and off-road equipmentheavy-duty trucks and off-road equipment• Ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel by mid-2006Ultra-low sulfur diesel fuel by mid-2006

On-Road Diesel On-Road Diesel Public Fleet ATCMPublic Fleet ATCM

OverviewOverview

At the December 8, 2005 Board At the December 8, 2005 Board hearing, ARB adopted the public fleet hearing, ARB adopted the public fleet ATCMATCM• Continuation of the work directed by the Continuation of the work directed by the

DRRPDRRP• Does not apply to any public vehicles Does not apply to any public vehicles

that were already covered in previous that were already covered in previous ATCMs: ATCMs:

Solid waste collection vehiclesSolid waste collection vehicles Public transit vehicles Public transit vehicles School busesSchool buses

OverviewOverview On-road diesel On-road diesel

heavy-duty vehicles heavy-duty vehicles with a model year with a model year from 1960-2006from 1960-2006

Manufacturer’s Manufacturer’s Gross Vehicle Gross Vehicle Weight greater than Weight greater than 14,000 lbs14,000 lbs

Owned, leased, or Owned, leased, or operated by any operated by any municipality or municipality or utility companyutility company

Regulatory ApproachRegulatory Approach

Requires that the Best Available Requires that the Best Available Control Technology (BACT) be Control Technology (BACT) be installedinstalled

Vehicle-by-vehicle basisVehicle-by-vehicle basis Phased-in compliance schedule Phased-in compliance schedule

based on engine model yearbased on engine model year

BACT DefinitionsBACT Definitions1)1) Replace or repower vehicle with an engine certified Replace or repower vehicle with an engine certified

to the to the new 0.01 g/bhp-hr PM standardnew 0.01 g/bhp-hr PM standard for new for new 2007 model year engines (catch: not available until 2007 model year engines (catch: not available until 2007);2007);

2)2) Replace or repower vehicle with an engine certified Replace or repower vehicle with an engine certified to a to a 0.1 g/bhp-hr standard0.1 g/bhp-hr standard AND install the AND install the highest level verified highest level verified Diesel Emission Control Diesel Emission Control StrategyStrategy (DECS) (DECS);;

3)3) Replace or repower vehicle with an Replace or repower vehicle with an alternative-alternative-fuelfuel, heavy-duty pilot-ignition, or , heavy-duty pilot-ignition, or gasoline enginegasoline engine; ; or,or,

4)4) Install the Install the highest level verified DECShighest level verified DECS on an on an existing engine.existing engine.

BACT (Cont’d)BACT (Cont’d)

DECS devices are verified by ARB to one of DECS devices are verified by ARB to one of three levels:three levels:• Level 1 – greater than 25% reductionLevel 1 – greater than 25% reduction• Level 2 – greater than 50% reductionLevel 2 – greater than 50% reduction• Level 3 – greater than 85% reductionLevel 3 – greater than 85% reduction

Responsibility of owner to find highest Responsibility of owner to find highest level of DECS for each enginelevel of DECS for each engine

NoteNote that Level 1 DECS is not allowed on that Level 1 DECS is not allowed on Group 1 engines (1960-1987) Group 1 engines (1960-1987) • except for low population countiesexcept for low population counties

Compliance ScheduleCompliance Schedule

Compliance ScheduleCompliance Schedule

Compliance Deadline Extensions:Compliance Deadline Extensions:• Early implementation of BACTEarly implementation of BACT• Municipalities located in low-population Municipalities located in low-population

county (less than 125,000 people)county (less than 125,000 people)• No verified DECS existsNo verified DECS exists• Dual-fuel and bi-fuel enginesDual-fuel and bi-fuel engines• Engine near retirementEngine near retirement• Use of experimental DECSUse of experimental DECS

Early Implementation ExtensionEarly Implementation Extension

Group 1: If BACT is applied to 50% of Group 1: If BACT is applied to 50% of vehicles in this group before Dec 31, vehicles in this group before Dec 31, 2007, then ARB will allow a delay for 2007, then ARB will allow a delay for 100% compliance to Dec 31, 2012100% compliance to Dec 31, 2012

Similar extension for Group 2Similar extension for Group 2

Early Implementation ExtensionEarly Implementation Extension

Because early implementation is Because early implementation is voluntary, municipalities may be able voluntary, municipalities may be able to apply for, and receive, incentive to apply for, and receive, incentive fundingfunding

For more information on the For more information on the Carl Moyer Program, go to:Carl Moyer Program, go to:

http://www.arb.ca.gov/http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/moyer/moyer.htmmsprog/moyer/moyer.htm

Engine Near Retirement ExtensionEngine Near Retirement Extension

Retirement:Retirement:• Sale outside of CaliforniaSale outside of California• Scrappage of the engineScrappage of the engine• Conversion to a low-usage vehicleConversion to a low-usage vehicle

If engine is within 1 year of If engine is within 1 year of retirementretirement• Get 1 year extension Get 1 year extension

ExemptionExemption

““Low Usage Vehicle”Low Usage Vehicle”• Operated fewer than 1000 miles or 50 Operated fewer than 1000 miles or 50

hours per year hours per year 5-year rolling average based on mileage or 5-year rolling average based on mileage or

engine hours of operationengine hours of operation

• Must still comply with record-keeping Must still comply with record-keeping requirements, but does not require requirements, but does not require BACT for these vehiclesBACT for these vehicles

More InformationMore Information

More information can be obtained at:More information can be obtained at:http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/publicfleets/http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/publicfleets/

publicfleets.htmpublicfleets.htm

The regulation can be tracked at:The regulation can be tracked at:http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/dpmcm05/http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/dpmcm05/

dpmcm05.htmdpmcm05.htm

Upcoming RegulationsUpcoming Regulations

Proposed ruleProposed rule• Aiming for public hearing and consideration Aiming for public hearing and consideration

by Board in late summer or early fall of 2006by Board in late summer or early fall of 2006 Applies to diesel off-road equipment Applies to diesel off-road equipment

>25 hp>25 hp• Used in construction, mining, and Used in construction, mining, and

industrial operationsindustrial operations Preliminary Regulatory Concepts Preliminary Regulatory Concepts

posted September 30posted September 30

Diesel Off-Road EquipmentDiesel Off-Road Equipment

Approaches include:Approaches include:• Accelerated turnover to cleaner enginesAccelerated turnover to cleaner engines• Retrofit with BACTRetrofit with BACT• Idling limitationsIdling limitations• Registration, record keeping, reporting, and/or Registration, record keeping, reporting, and/or

inspectionsinspections

Next workshop is January 24 in SacramentoNext workshop is January 24 in Sacramento

Diesel Off-Road EquipmentDiesel Off-Road Equipment

Diesel Off-Road EquipmentDiesel Off-Road Equipment

GroupGroupEngine Engine

Model YearsModel Years

Compliance Phase-in DatesCompliance Phase-in Dates

25%25% 50%50% 75%75% 100%100%

11 Pre-1988Pre-1988 20072007 20082008 20092009 20102010

22 1988-19951988-1995 20082008 20092009 20102010 20112011

33 1996-20021996-2002 20092009 20102010 20112011 20122012

44 2003-20062003-2006 20102010 20112011 20122012 20132013

55 2007-20142007-2014

Model Model Year (MY) Year (MY)

+ 4+ 4 MY + 5MY + 5 MY + 6MY + 6 MY + 7MY + 7

Off-Road LSI Equipment RuleOff-Road LSI Equipment Rule LSI – Large Spark Ignition equipmentLSI – Large Spark Ignition equipment

• Includes forklifts, street sweepers, Includes forklifts, street sweepers, generators, large turf-care equipment and generators, large turf-care equipment and other equipmentother equipment

• Gasoline and propane poweredGasoline and propane powered• New and in-use equipment > 25 hpNew and in-use equipment > 25 hp

ARB issued a “Notice of Decision Not to ARB issued a “Notice of Decision Not to Proceed”Proceed”• Regulatory clock ran outRegulatory clock ran out

But it’s just a delay – will still happenBut it’s just a delay – will still happen

Useful WebsitesUseful Websites

Diesel Risk Reduction PlanDiesel Risk Reduction Plan• http://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/dieselrrp.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/diesel/dieselrrp.htm

Public FleetsPublic Fleets• http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/publicfleets/publicfleets.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/publicfleets/publicfleets.htm• http://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/dpmcm05/dpmcm05.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/regact/dpmcm05/dpmcm05.htm

Off-Road Diesel EquipmentOff-Road Diesel Equipment• http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/ordiesel/ordiesel.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/ordiesel/ordiesel.htm

Off-Road LSI EquipmentOff-Road LSI Equipment• http://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/orspark/orspark.htmhttp://www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/offroad/orspark/orspark.htm

Questions?Questions?