diabetes test rx

8/2/2019 Diabetes Test Rx

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By: Harsh Gupta,Pritam Choudhary.

Dr.L.H.Hiranandani

College Of Pharmacy.


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ALARMING STATISTICS:

Number of Diabetics throughout the world is 246million, which will increase up to336 million in2030.

Diabetes causes 6 deaths every minute and one in10 deaths is caused due to diabetes or its relatedcauses. Hence called as GLOBAL EPIDEMIC.

3.2 million people worldwide die every year due todiabetes.

90 to 95%of world diabetics have Type 2 Diabetes.

SOURCE: WHO


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DIABETIC CAPITAL:

China tops the list of number of diabetics with 92.1million diabetics and hence called as DiabeticCapital.

India follows China by being second in the number ofdiabetics with 43.9 million. 184 million estimatedtill 2030.

Three out of every five diabetics in world areAsians.

All this is credited to the sedentary lifestyle, stress,obesity and the lack of exercise.

SOURCE: International Diabetes Foundation


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DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH DIABETES

Neuropathy and Impotence: Affects 50% ofDiabetics

Amputations: More than 60% of amputations occur

on peoples with diabetes.

Retinopathy and Blindness: 10 million newblindness victims each year.

Cardiac diseases: Occurs in most of the diabetics


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METHODS AVAILABLE TO TEST DIABETES

Blood Tests: 1. Fasting Blood Glucose Test

2. Plasma Test

Urine Tests.


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DISADVANTAGES OF BLOOD TESTS:

Invasive Technique.

Pre-prandial and post-prandial levels of blood glucose

keep on changing.

Expertise required, cannot be used for testing childrenand older adults.

Physical pain of finger pricking.

Costly


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DISADVANTAGES OF URINE TESTS:

Urine is the major route for excretion of metabolites ofdrugs.

These metabolites may interfere with the colourreaction thus either masking the colour reaction orproducing an all together different reaction.

Hence, not very reliable.


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WHY USE SALIVA?

Non invasive collection.

Accurate.

Quick to collect.

Safe to handle.

Can be self collected.

Sensitive reaction.


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HOW BIOMARKERS REACH IN SALIVA

Biomarkers get secreted into the saliva by crossingacinar cells from the capillaries surrounding theglands.

Different biomarkers such as several hormones,steroids and proteins and various other neutral

molecules get secreted.


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HOW BIOMARKERS GET INTO SALIVA


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LABORATORY METHOD:

Complex Method which involves:

1. Buffer Feeding System

2. Saliva Injector

3. Separation Chamber

4. UV Spectrophotometer


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DISEASES DIAGNOSED WITH SALIVA

Diabetes - Alpha-amylase, Cortisol, CRP, DHEA-S.

Cancer - IGF-1, IL-1 beta, IL-1 beta genes, IL-6, IL-6

genes. HIV - Antibodies

Cushing's Syndrome - Cortisol

Stress, Hypertension.

Autism - Cortisol

Obesity - Beta-endorphin, Cortisol, CRP, Estradiol


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SALIVA REPORT :

Total analysis of the various biomarkers present in thesaliva.

A complete report of the several disorders person issuffering from or is prone to suffer from in his nearfuture life.

Cost Effective if carried out on a large scale.


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HOME TESTING KITS :

The GOD-POD (Glucose Oxidase - Peroxidase) stripswhich are used to detect the glucose levels in bloodcan be used for salivary glucose concentrationmeasurement.

Salivary Glucose Concentration of Non-Diabeticpatients is negligible while that of controlled diabetic,prediabetic and uncontrolled diabetic is significantlyhigh.

Thus a non invasive, cost effective and accurate kitscan be prepared.


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OUR NOVEL APPROACH :-

A very sensitive reaction for the determination ofminute glucose concentration is the Phenol SulfuricAcid test.

This reaction can be used to measure glucoseconcentrations even in m/ml.

Colour reaction involvers chromophore of phenolicgroup which is distinctly coloured from the colourlessunbound phenol.


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SALIVARY GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION

COMPARISON

Healthy Adults : 80 90 m

Prediabetic : 160

170 m

Controlled Diabetic: 180 195 m

Uncontrolled Diabetic: 200+ m

SOURCE: Study conducted over 1200 diabetic and non diabetic patients

published in Journal Of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, 2009.


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DIABTUBE

Spit tubes with a precoating of Phenol Sulfuric Acidreagent.

Saliva samples (1 ml) to be taken directly into thetubes.

Colour proportional to the amount of glucose presentin the saliva sample is produced.

Standard Colour chart at the back of the testing kit forcomparison.


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DIABTUBE

Since salivary glucose levels are directly related toblood glucose, hence regular monitoring of blood

glucose using saliva possible.

For more accurate glucose estimation, a portablecolorimeter calibrated with blood glucose readings can

be used to give the glucose levels directly.


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SPIT TUBES AND REAGENTS


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THANK YOU

diabetes test rx

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