diabetes complications
DESCRIPTION
Diabetes Complications. DKA. Diabetic Ketoacidosis Most serious complication in Type 1 diabetes. Precipitating Causes. Not enough insulin Stress, trauma infections. Pathophysiology of DKA. Ketosis Dehydration Electrolyte imbalance. Symptoms of DKA. Abdominal pain Anorexia - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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DKADiabetic Ketoacidosis
Most serious complication in Type 1 diabetes
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Precipitating Causes
Not enough insulinStress, traumainfections
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Pathophysiology of DKA
KetosisDehydrationElectrolyte imbalance
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Symptoms of DKAAbdominal painAnorexiaDehydrationFuity breathKussmaul’s
breathing Change LOCHypotensionN&V
PolyuriaSomnolenceTachycardiaThirstVisual disturbancesWarm, dry skinWeaknessWt. loss
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Intervention
RehydrateReverse shockGive PotassiumCorret pHGive insulin
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HHNKHyperglycemic, Hyperosmolar Noketotic Syndrome
Most commonly occurs in older adults with Type II diabetes
Always look for precipitating factors
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Factors Associated with HHNK
DrugsProceduresChronic illnessAcute illness
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Four Major Clinical Features
Severe hyperglycemiaNo or slight ketosisProfound dehydrationHyperosmolality
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Treatment
Similar to DKAFind underlying cause
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Hypoglycemia
Low blood glucose levels
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Risk Factors
Overdose of insulinOmitting a mealOverexertionNausea and vomitingAlcohol intake
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Symptoms of Hypoglycemia
AdrenergicShakinessIrritabilityNervousnessTachycardiaTremorHunger
NeuroglycopenicHeadacheMental illnessInability to
concentrateSlurred speechBlurred visioncoma
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Interventions
Mildcarbohydrate 10-15 gram
Severe dextrose IV
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Pathogenesis
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Diabetes Long-term Effects retinopathy -potential blindness,Nephropathy- may lead to renal failure,neuropathy with risk of foot ulcers,
amputation, Charcot joints, and features of autonomic dysfunction, including sexual dysfunction.
Vasculopathy-People with diabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular, peripheral vascular and cerebrovascular disease.
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Diabetic retinopathy
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Diabetic foot
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Thank you!
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