Paths to implement an advanced Solid Waste Management System in Brazil

Herman Huisman

Feira RWM Brasil

Sao Paulo, October 2nd 2013

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>> Focus on environment2

The Netherlands

16,7 million Inhabitants

40.000 km2

12 provinces

405 Municipalities

60 million tons waste

9,2 million tons Household waste

•Downstream large European rivers

•Surrounded by Industrialized area's of Belgium, Germany

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Paths to implement an advanced Solid Waste Management System in Brazil

• Historical drivers

• Netherlands practice and performance in waste management

• Elements of waste policy

• Integrate waste management systems moving from end of pipe to closing the loop: circular economy

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>> Focus on environment4 >> Focus on environment4 >> Focus on environment4 >> Focus on environment4

waste management department

Upscaling of waste management, both in policies and waste markets

Responsibility of

Municipality

Control &

Technical fix

Integrated policy

International

Market, targets

1975 1990 2005

Scale

Of

governmentPublic healthPrivate collectors for metal scrap, textiles, food remains, paper, coal, ashes

EnvironmentalProtection, focus on leachate, gas control, flue gas cleaning

DiversionProfessionalizing, RecyclingInstitutional & responsibility issues, EPR systems in place, landfill bans & taxes

Sustainable developmentChain approachResource policy, Closing the loop

1875

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High performance in waste management 1

Decrease of waste: Decoupling of economicGrowth and wasteproduction

State of the artTreatment facilities

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>> Focus on environment6

Development waste production per sector

-

10.000

20.000

30.000

40.000

50.000

60.000

70.000

1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Ho

eveelh

eid

afval (kto

n)

Afvalverw erking

Drinkw atervoorz.

RWZI's

Energie

Bouw

HDO

Industrie

Landbouw

Verkeer

Consumenten

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>> Focus on environment7 Landelijk Afvalbeheer Plan7

Development of recovery rate per sector

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

Aa

nd

ee

l n

utt

ige

to

ep

as

sin

g

consumers

agriculture

Industry

Commerce

C&D

energy suply

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>> Focus on environment8

Recovery and disposal in Europe

Municipal Solid Waste 2010, Eurostat

0 0 0 1 1 1 3 6

18

31

45 49 5157 58 58 62

68 69 73 73 76 80 81 82 86 91 94

5038 39

30

49

37

54 5135

34

22 1215 4 1

9

1916 10

111 0

0

100

00

0

5062 61

70

50

62

42 43 47

35 3339 34 39 41

33

19 1721

1626 24 20

918 14 9 5

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Switz

erland

Germ

any

Nethe

rlan

ds

Aus

tria

Swed

en

Belgium

Den

mark

Nor

way

Luxe

mbo

urg

Fra

nce

Finland

United Kingd

omIta

ly

Irelan

d

Slove

nia

Spa

in

Por

tuga

l

Cze

ch R

epublic

Hun

gary

Icelan

d

Polan

d

Eston

ia

Cyp

rus

Slova

kia

Greece

Malta

Latvia

Lithua

nia

Recycling

Incinerated

Landfill

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Relation between GDP and performance in Waste management

>> Focus on environment9

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High performance in waste management 2

High recycling ratesAll waste: 79 %Municipal waste: 52%

Waste trackingAnd monitoring system

Professional and competitive waste sector

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Hybride responsibility

Municipality Producer/Importer

-Residual waste-Bio waste-Bulky waste

Duty of care:Paid by citizens (municipal waste tax)

-Cars/end of live vehicles-Car tires-Electronic and electric waste -Batteries-Paper and cardboard-Packaging

EPR:Paid by consumers/producers-importers (recycling fee or included in price)

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>> Focus on environment12 Landelijk Afvalbeheer Plan12

Break down costs of municipal waste management 2010

collection organic

6%

composting organic

5%

collection residual

21%

treatment residual

30%

collection bulky

13%

treatment bulky

7%

paper

2%

other

0%

indirect costs

16%

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>> Focus on environment13

waste management department

Elements of waste policy

• Waste hierarchy: prevention, re-use, material recycling, energy-recovery, incineration, land filling

• Economic instruments to steer the waste to the preferred treatment

• Stringent standards for disposal and recycling: decrees on landfill and incineration, standards for building materials, organic fertilizers, ban on landfill

• Planning at National level: starting with concessions for collection and treatment, nowadays market approach and integral national waste planning

• Cooperation between 3 levels of government: municipal, regional and national

• Education and communication to create awareness and enhance participation with separate collection schemes

• Producers responsibility: legal as well as non legal systems for car tires, batteries, Weee, ELV, packaging

• Notification and registration of waste transports: from separate to one integral system of registration and notification of waste transports

• Control and enforcement

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Moving towards Resource Management

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT

WASTE MANAGEMENTWASTE PREVENTION

ExtractionManufacturing

TransportDistribution Purchasing

UseRe-use

SeparateCollection

Recycling

Other treatmentand recovery

Reduction at source Sustainable consumption

Avoided waste flows Diverted waste flows

Waste Minimization

Preparing for Re-use

PRODUCTION CONSUMPTION END OF LIFE

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Basic instruments to support resource efficiency

1. Implement separate collection schemes

– Organic waste, paper and cardboard, metals, glass, plastic, electric and electronic equipment, batteries, hazardous waste

– Involve shops/retailers in collection

– Communicate, all the time.

2. Implement Extended Producer Responsibility

- Enhance separate collection and recycling

- Financial coverage (polluter pays principle)

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Responsibilities of EPR organizations (on behalf of PI’s)

Environment Ministry

EPR regulation

and control

Batteries WEEE Packaging Car tyres ELVWindowPanes

Create a stable collection system Create awareness and environmentally responsible behavior Contribute to “design for recycling” and “Eco design” Prevent illegal trade and export Annual Reporting on collection and recycling performance

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Basic instruments to support resource efficiency

3. Use Economic instruments

Make sure that undesired outlets are more expensive than desired

outlets. Effective instruments are:

• Landfill and incineration tax

• Pay as you throw systems

• Deposit-return-systems

• Green taxation

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Basic instruments to support resource efficiency

4. Adopt Green Public Procurement

– Purchasing power of the government can stimulate companies

5. Support R&D policy

– Build and maintain scientific and technological capacity

– Stimulate innovation: many key innovations have their origin in state funded research.

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Basic instruments to back up resource efficiency

6. Integrate prevention and recycling in environmental permitting

– Can apply to SME and Industry

– Can be taken into account in each phase of permitting procedure

7. Integrate environmental criteria in product regulation

– Banning of hazardous substances

– Requirements for energy consumption

– Requirements for traceability and recyclability

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Basic instruments to back up resource efficiency

8. Develop Product Service Systems / new business models

– A service or lease can be a good alternative for buying products

– Leads to de-materialisation of consumption

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Basic instruments to back up resource efficiency

9. Stimulate sustainable design of products (eco-design) to support separation and recovery of materials

+ =

.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fzFR4mPI34E.

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Circular economy

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Thank you for listening!