Power System Automation

Prepared by-

Dhiraj M. Bhalerao

B. E. Electrical

Roll no.- 02

Index

1. Introduction

2. SCADA

3. Components of SCADA

4. Process of SCADA in Power system

5. Advantages

6. Disadvantages

7. Applications

8. Conclusion

Introduction-

Electrical power system-

Generation system – Generation of electricity by different sources

Transmission system -Generating station & Distribution substation are connected by transmission system

Distribution – connects all transmission lines to load

What Is Power System Automation

Electric protection

Control

Measurement

Monitoring

SCADA

Supervisory

Control

And

Data

Acquisition

Components Of SCADA

1. Instrument transformer

2. Transducer

3. Relay

4. RTU

5. Meter

6. Digital fault recorder

7. PLC

8. HMI

Instrument Transformer

Instrument transformers are used to

sense power system current and voltage values.

They are physically connected to power system

apparatus and convert the actual power system

signals ,which include high voltage and

current magnitudes, down to lower signal levels

CT

PT

Transducers

Transducer is device which sense the changes in

power system parameter like voltage, load current,

reactive power, real power and status of circuit

breaker, isolator and when converted in suitable form

,which is useful for further process

Types-

1. Analog

2. Digital

Relay

A protective relay is an IED designed to sense power system disturbances

and automatically perform control actions on the I&C system and the

power system to protect personnel and equipment.

Relays create metering information, collect system status information, and

store historical records of power system operation.

Remote Terminal Unit (RTU)

RTU is a microprocessor-controlled electronic device

that interfaces transducer & MTU by

transmitting telemetry data to a master system, and by

using messages from the master supervisory system to

control connected objects. Another term that may be

used for RTU is remote tele-control unit.

Unit of RTU-

1) AE (analog input card),

2) DE (digital input card)

Meter

A meter is an IED that is used to create accurate

measurements of power system current, voltage, and

power values. Metering values such as demand and

peak are saved within the meter to create historical

information about the activity of the power system

Digital Fault Recorder

A digital fault recorder (DFR), is an IED

that records information about power

system disturbances.

It is capable of storing data in a digital

format when triggered by conditions

detected on the power system.

Harmonics, frequency, and voltage

are examples of data captured by

DFRs.

Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

For protection, control and metering

Logical operations are made by using switches

PLC performs the logical operations and displayed the

operation on computer screen

Human Machine Interface

Human Machine Interface commonly known as HMI are

deployed for control and visualization interface

between a human and a process, machine, application

and appliance. Increasingly, HMIs are becoming an

integral part of Factory Automation.

Advantages

Efficient with less manpower

Flexible, Simple, Reliable

Self Checking

Portable

Disadvantages-

Lack of train personal

Initial cost is high

Applications -

Smart Grid-

A smart grid is a modernized electrical grid that uses analogue or digital

information and communications technology to gather and act on

information, such as information about the behaviours of suppliers and

consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability,

economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity.

Smart Meter –

A smart meter is usually an electronic device that records

consumption of electric energy in intervals of an hour or less

and communicates that information at least daily back to the

utility for monitoring and billing.

Automatic Generation Control

In an electric power system, automatic generation control (AGC) is

a system for adjusting the power output of multiple generators at

different power plants, in response to changes in the load.

Conclusion-

The government of India has decided to integrate all

the state power utilities. Unified load dispatch Centre

has to be build. So automation has lot more advantages

as it increases efficiency and increase standardization.

Any Questions

References

1. J. B. Gupta, Electrical power system, SK publications, part II ,Jan 2013

2. Gaur & Gaur, Automation in power distribution system: Present status,

E-ISSN0976-7916, 2012

3. Jason stamp & Michel Berg, Reference Model for Control and Automation Systems in Electrical Power, vol., 10 oct. 2005

4. National communication system, Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems, Tech. info. Bulletin, Vol. NCS TIB 04-1, Oct 2004

5. Power system automation, NPTEL, Dept. of elect engg., page no. 1-16, Sept. 2015

6. Shabnam Rukhsar, SCADA in Transmission Line, IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, e-ISSN: 2278-1676, p-ISSN: 2320-3331,Page no. 67 to 71,2014

7. http://www.iosrjournals.org