Devina Desai F r a m e P r o b l e m

What is a Frame Problem

• Environment for an agent is not static

• Identifying which things remain static in changing word

• Use of information in Knowledge Base and agent’s conclusion based on that knowledge

• Discarding negative inferences

Devina Desai F r a m e P r o b l e m

Origin of the Frame Problem

• Fluents : Values that change over time• States : Current view of the environment• Predicates : Evaluates to true /false• Action : Causes change in state• Result : Through which inferences are drawn• Frame Axioms : phrases that describe the

environment• HERE COMES THE PROBLEM OF

INFERENCE

Devina Desai F r a m e P r o b l e m

Problems in Frame Problem

• Frame Problem is a temporal problem• Inferential Problem : How to judge the world• Raminification Problem : Deviation within the

environment• Prediction Problem :Uncertainty for positive

results• Qualification Problem: which rules qualify ?• Representation Problem : true knowledge

repository

Devina Desai F r a m e P r o b l e m

Resolving Frame Problem

• Agent must examine current facts

• Relevant/Irrelevant Changes

• Representing Facts:– Semantic : word – meaning pairs– Syntactic : structures and patterns– Problems with Fact Representation

Devina Desai F r a m e P r o b l e m

Requirements for Solution

• Achieving right level of generality/speciality

• Staying truthful to intuitions

• Truth and Soundness

• Concreteness

Devina Desai F r a m e P r o b l e m

Techniques for Solution

Some of the methods for resolving :

• Non-Deductive :emulate human actions

• Deductive : Based on Logic

• Frames and Scripts

• Causal Approach

• Probabilistic Approach