developmentof new sorghumideotypesto meet the increasing … · 2015. 5. 29. · developmentof new...

Development of new sorghum ideotypes to meet the

increasing demand of bioethanolg f

S Braconnier G Trouche S GutjahrS. Braconnier, G. Trouche, S. Gutjahr, D. Luquet, M. Dingkhun

CIMAC Conference, Hohenheim University - Stuttgart, 7-9 February 2011

International Conference on Crop Improvement, Ideotyping and Modeling for African Cropping Systems under Climate Change (CIMAC), 2011/02/07-09, Stuttgart-Hohenheim, Germany

Context

Global oil production is rapidly approaching its peak

h // ild li /http://www.oildecline.com/

Actual CO2 atmospheric concentration = 381.2 ppm(WMO source)

Oil is now being consumed four times faster than it is

being discovered, and the situation is becoming critical.

It is urgent to find alternative and sustainable energies100 $

Crude prices last 40 years

Biofuels or agrofuels, defined as solid, liquidor gas fuels derived from biomass, are today


the only direct subsitute for oil on a significantscale particularly in the transport sector

Adapted from http://www.france‐inflation.com


Context

poorest countries will be lead to grow biofuel crops

Less arable surfaces available for food production

Increasing staple food world market prices

(good for producers, bad for urban consumers)

Instability of the staple food market

Increase of food insecurity



Which plant for producting bio ethanol ?

In the tropics In temperate areaIn the tropics In temperate area

Sugar Cane Mayze

Sweet SorghumSorghum


+ almost any staple food crops + sugar beet and other promising biomass crops(switchgrass, miscanthus, alfalfa…)


Why producing ethanol from sorghum ?

Temperate zoneTropical zone Temperate zone

PropagationCuttings seeds Intrant needs

sorghum < < maize

vsSorghum MaizeTropical zone Sweet sorghum

Sugar cane vs

Water requirement1/3 less than maize

Water requirements36 000 m3 8000 m3

g

Length of cycle12‐16 months 4‐5 months

Nitrogen Use Efficiencysorghum > > maize

36 000 m3 8000 m3

Adaptation to dry environmentssorghum > > maizeAdaptation to marginal soils

Adaptation to dry zonesIrrigation yes

Grain production 0 << up to 6T / ha (2 cycles)

(stay green)p gcane < < sorghum

Hudge potential of improvement and adaptationR t f i t

Adaptation to marginal soilssorghum > > maize

iEthanol production (l ha‐1)6500 5600 (2 cycles)

Uses Fuel Food, Feed, Fuel

Respect of environmentDevelopment of rural zonesLow competition with food cropBetter sustainability of the production system

Biomasssorghum maize(25 to 40T DM ha‐1)


ADVANTAGE SORGHUM


What is the bottleneck for sorghum development ?

A diff t th l k f i ti d t d t thSWEETFUEL projectSweet FuelSweet Fuel

Among different reasons, the lack of varieties adapted to the different environments was identified as the main bottleneck

Development of a FP7 project: SWEETFUEL S t F lS t F l

Overall objective: development of ethanol production from sweet sorghum in temperate and

Development of a FP7 project: SWEETFUELSweet sorghum: an alternative energy crop

Sweet FuelSweet Fuel

tropical area through genetic enhancement and improvement of harvestand cultural practices.

Scientific consortium: 10 partners from 7 countries and 3 continents

Cirad, Icrisat, Embrapa, KWS, Ifeu, UniBO, UCSC, ARC‐GCI, UANL, WIP

Target area: temperate and tropical area (particularly semi arid tropics)

Duration: 5 years (01/2009 – 12/2013)


Budget: 5 millions € including 3 millions contribution from EC


Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Definition of the new sorghum ideotypes

Temperate area EtOH 2e generation

Centralized system

New sorghum ideotype « Biomass » sorghum (sweet or not, with or without grains)

Essential traits

Hi h bi d ti ith d lit d h itHigh biomass production with a good quality and homogeneity(low lignin content = bmr trait and good digestibility)

Adaptation to low temperature to enlarge sowing(and thus harvesting) window(and thus harvesting) window

Drougth tolerant / high WUE

Photosensitivity for increasing cycle duration


otose s t ty o c eas g cyc e du at o


Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Develoment of new sorghum ideotypes

Temperate area

10

12

Durra Asia Africa

106 accessions

35

40

Durra Asia AfricaIS 21991 (bmr8)

Temperate area

6

8

10

ADL/NDF

C & CB China

C photo‐insensible

K & INT SA

Guinea SA 15

20

25

30

INNDFD

C & CB China

C photo‐insensibleK & INT SA

Guinea SA

0

2

4

A Guinea SA

Bicolor Africa

MV

0

5

10

15 Bicolor Africa

MVbmr

0 100 200 300 400

Poids sec moyen tige principale (g)

0 100 200 300 400

Poids sec moyen tige principale (g)

(Source: Grassbiofuel project / 2009 report)

Mean dry weight of main stem (g)Mean dry weight of main stem (g)

Possible combination of + high stalk biomass+ low lignin content+ good digestility of fibres



Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Development of new sorghum ideotypes

T i l EtOH 1st generation Centralized systemTropical area EtOH 1st generation

+ anticipation 2nd G

Centralized system

Decentralized system

In Brazil Obj ti l t d ti

Target ideotype Triple purpose sorghum: sugar + biomass + (grains)

In BrazilCentralized system

Objective: complement sugar cane production (conversion of 20% of sugar cane fields intosweet sorghum ± 1.5 millions ha)

g yp p p p g g (g )

Juicy, sugar‐°Brix%, Al toxicity tolerant,

P deficiency tolerant, bmr, biomassEssential traits

Decentralized system Objective: develop production systems to provide village or cooperative with food and fuel

Target ideotype Triple purpose sorghum: grain + sugar + biomass

Grain yield, juicy, sugar‐°Brix%, Al toxicity tolerant,

P d fi i t l t b biEssential traits


P deficiency tolerant, bmr, biomass



y = 0 8502x + 11 47250

46 lines

25marga

106 accessions

y = 0.8502x + 11.472R² = 0.0267

20

30

40

ass(t ha‐1)

10

15

20

°Brix%

marga

durra Asia‐AfricaC&B China

C photo‐insens

0

10

20

10 12 14 16 18 20

Stalkbiom

a

0

5

10

0 200 400 600 800

Kafir & Int SA

Guinea SA

10 12 14 16 18 20°Brix% at maturity

(source Nataima Colombia 2007)(source Grassbiofuel 2008)

0 200 400 600 800

Poids jus par tige (g)Juice weight per stalk (g)

Possible combination °Brix% + juice°Brix% + stalks biomass




Identification of the gene for tolerance to aluminum toxicity : AltSB

and incorporation in the best lines in EMBRAPA



Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Develoment of new sorghum ideotypes

T i l EtOH 1st generation Centralized systemTropical area EtOH 1st generation

+ anticipation 2nd G

Centralized system

Decentralized system

In India

Target ideotype: Triple purpose sorghum: grain + sugar + biomass

In India Centralized system Objective: production of ethanol through syrup

partnership with industrial sector

Juicy, sugar‐°Brix%, adaptation to rainy and post rainyseasons, stay green, grain yield, bmr, biomass,

Essential traits

Decentralized system Objective: develop syrup production systems to provide village or cooperative with additional income

Target ideotype Triple purpose sorghum: grain + sugar + biomass

Grain yield, juicy, sugar‐°Brix%, adaptation to seasons,stay green bmr biomass

Essential traits


stay green, bmr, biomass,



20.0Sotuba 2010 IS 2848

12.0

14.0

16.0

18.0

%

20.0

25.0 Sotuba 2010 IS 2848SSM 215IS 5867IS 10234IS 20351IS 23142IS 23254

4.0

6.0

8.0

10.0

°Brix%

10.0

15.0

°Brix%

IS 23254IS 4285IS 26731IS 6351IS 26833IS 8685

0.0

2.0

0.0 50.0 100.0 150.0

Fresh weight of panicule (g)0.0

5.0

With inflo without

IS 33261IS 15443IS 2814

Fresh weight of panicule (g)With inflo. without

Source: Sweetfuel project / PhD S. Gutjahr

There is a competition °Brix% / grain but also a great diversity


There is a competition °Brix% / grain, but also a great diversity



Id tifi ti f th b t li bi i d biIdentification of the best lines combining sugar and biomass

1.63 to 2.36 t ha‐1 8.25 to 72.43 t ha‐1

Identification 2 stay‐green QTL lines S 35 SG 06002 and 19‐S35 SG 06019Identification 2 stay green QTL lines S 35 SG 06002 and 19 S35 SG 06019 having °Brix% >15




Case of Haïti Target ideotype: triple purpose sorghum: grains + ethanol + fodder

ANR project

S3F for Haïti

e-da

ys)

2 0 0 0

2 5 0 0

3 0 0 0B l a n c A u gI S 1 5 4 0 1K a u r a D - 1 2S h o r t K a u r aF a r a f a r a 1 7C S 0 2 M a d a g a s c a rC G M 1 9K e n d é N b e B l aI R A T 2 0 4

a

Adapted phenology

is essential

Dur

atio

n of

PS

P (d

egre

e

5 0 0

1 0 0 0

1 5 0 0

2 0 0 0 I R A T 2 0 4S a r i a s o 1 0S o u r o u k o u k o u

Source: CIRAD/IERMali, 2002


S o w i n g d a t e

01 /01 /0

201 /0

2 /02

01 /03 /0

201 /0

4 /02

01 /05 /0

201 /0

6 /02

01 /07 /0

201 /0

8 /02

01 /09 /0

201 /1

0 /02

01 /11 /0

201 /1

2 /02

01 /01 /0

30


Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Development of a new sorghum model

SAMARA model is a new model for cereals (simulator of morpho‐physiological adaptability to abiotic stresses, and of annual graminaeayield).

Objectives:

• identification of TPE, study the adaptation to CC and CV as well as

interaction variety x cultural practice x environmentinteraction variety x cultural practice x environment…

• + conception of ideotypes and their adaptation to the environment

• (at plant canopy scale)

Main characteristics:

• based on ECOTROP software

• based on hydric balance and phenology module from SARRAH• based on hydric balance and phenology module from SARRAH

• trophic relationships and competitions between organs are

inspired by ECOMERISTEM




Biomasses

Stem (sheathinternode reserves)

Sowing Leaf

Root

Panicle

Grain

Root

Reserves



Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Development of new sorghum model

Sensitivity analysis were done by:

Modifying varietal parameters (plant height, cycle duration, stay green…)oragronomic practices (irrigation, plant density…)

orcombining 2 parameters (i.e. height + duration)

Analyzing evolution of output values (panicule and grain yield, total and

above ground biomass, sugar yield, LAI, tillering, plant height etc…)




Effect of terminal drought

Rainfed condition (terminal drought)Biomass ‐ 19%G i i ld 16%

BMag

BMtot

LAI« Wild Type », irrigatedHigh yielding, dwarf, early, sweet, stay‐green

Grain yield – 16%Final sugar reserves – 50%

TN

y y g(like Kouressy’s V3)Plant Height 2.0 m

GY

TNIC=1

FTSW




ff f ( )

Cycle 40 d longer due to longer PSP

Effect of lateness (photosensitivity)

« Wild Type »High yielding, dwarf, early, sweet type (like Kouressy’s V3)

Cycle 40 d longer due to longer PSP(PSP longer : photoperiodism)

Biomass + 34%Plant Height + 40% (2.8m)

Higher Tiller No., more motalityGrain yield – 30%

(like Kouressy s V3)Plant Height 2.0 m

LAI max+200%Sugar reserves much smaller

IC=1

IC=1



Sweet FuelSweet Fuel Development of new sorghum model

Calibration of SAMARA for sorghum is possible in many differentenvironmentsenvironments

Results from sensitivity analysis are quite conform to the realityon a qualitative basison a qualitative basis

Wemust now conduct some specific trials to validatethis model



Thank you for your attentionContact:Contact:[email protected]‐project.eu


developmentof new sorghumideotypesto meet the increasing … · 2015. 5. 29. · developmentof new...

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