development of a compact cluster with embedded cpus sritrusta sukaridhoto, yoshifumi sasaki, koichi...

Development of a Compact Cluster with Embedded CPUs


Sritrusta Sukaridhoto, Yoshifumi Sasaki,

Koichi Ito and Takafumi Aoki


Introduction

Ubiquitous environment Electronics equipment in our

surrounding （ equipped with

embedded CPU ） Connected by network

http://www.kayoo.org/home/mext/joho-kiki/

http://bsc.jp.yamatake.com/products/secu_ftouchm.html

Network

NavigationSystem

Mobiles

Home Automation

EmbeddedCPU

Distributed cooperation / parallel processing

EmbeddedCPU

EmbeddedCPU


Introduction

Development

Prototyping Environment

Embedded CPUs

Ubiquitous

Distributed / Parallel Computing

Ubiquitous Computing Cluster (UCC)

Low Cost


Contents

Introduction Cluster Computer Structures Implementations Performance Evaluations Application: Fingerprint Verifications Conclusions and Future Plans


Cluster Computer Structures

HUB

Terminal

100Mbps LAN Connections

Node#3

Node#2

Node#1

Node#0

Embedded DevicesPower consumption: 60W (TYP)

Ubiquitous Computing Cluster Hardware



Specification of Calculation Node Embedded Network Attached Storage (NAS)

Include: Embedded CPU （ SH4 ）， memory ， USB I/F ， network

I/F ， HDD. Able to act as network computer

Logically have function as general computer ． Small space, low power consumption

CPU SH4 (SH7751R, 266MHz)Memory 64MB SDRAMHDD 120GB, ATA133, 5400rpmNIC 10/100 BASE-T (RTL-8139C+)I/F USB 2.0×2portPower 14W(TYP)



Ubiquitous Computing Cluster Software

Operating System Debian GNU Linux 2.4.21 for SH4

Stable inter-processor communication

Compact kernel and daemons

Servers and daemons Inter-processor communication （ rsh, rexec, rcp ） login （ telnet ）， file transfer （ FTP ） Network File sharing （ NFS ）， Network Information Services (NIS)

Development environment compiler (GNU gcc-3.0.4, g++, Fortran77)

editor (GNU Emacs, vi)

Parallel process interface (MPI, PVM)



How it works ???UCC

Node#3

HUB

Node#2

Node#1

Node#0

Inter-process communication(rsh ）

Login, File Transfer（ telnet, FTP ）

Terminal

Node#0 is also working as administrator server (NIS, NFS ）

100Mbps Fast Ethernet



Computing node is

embedded CPU Suitable for prototyping the

next generation computer

Using COTS product Low cost system

Using Linux as Operating

System A stable inter-processor

communication

Open Source

COTS: Commercial Off-The-Shelf

Embedded Devices

UCCNode#3

HUBNode#2

Node#1

Terminal

100Mbps Fast Ethernet

Node#0


Features

Size ： 390mm×280mm×150mm ， Power Consumption ： 60W(TYP)


Implementation

UCCNode#3

HUBNode#2

Node#1

Terminal

Node#0

Login to Node#0

Write a parallel program: hello.c#include "mpi.h"#include <stdio.h>

void main(int argc, char *argv[]){ int numprocs, prognum; /* Initialize MPI */ MPI_Init(&argc, &argv); MPI_Comm_rank(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &procnum); MPI_Comm_size(MPI_COMM_WORLD, &numprocs);

printf ("Hello world! from %d of %d", procnum, numprocs);

MPI_Finalize(); return;}

Compile: mpicc –o hello hello.c

Run: mpirun –np 4 hello

Hello w

orld!

from

0 of

4

Hello w

orld!

from

1 of

4

Hello w

orld!

from

2 of

4

Hello w

orld!

from

3 of

4


Advance Application USB port connect to another devices (Fingerprint sensor, USB-Audio, Camera, etc)

Fingerprint Verification System

Speech / VoiceRecognition System

Image Processing System


Performance Evaluations

Pallas MPI Benchmark (PMB)* :Performance evaluations for MPI communication

Ping-Pongmeasuring delay time when transferring data between 2 processors

Broadcastmeasuring the biggest delay time when transferring from node#0 to

the other nodes.

*http://www.pallas.com/e/products/pmb/


Performance Evaluations (cont.)

ping-pong communication test The biggest transfer ability is 70 Mbps

It gives enough performance using 100 Mbps ethernet

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 4 32 256

2048

16384

131072

1048576

Data Size [Bytes]

Tim

e [m

sec]

0

2

4

6

8

10

Ban

dwid

th [M

byte

s/se

c]Time

Bandwidth


Performance Evaluations (cont.)

Communication broadcast test The biggest broadcast communication ability is around 36Mbps

It gives enough performance using ordinary HUB

0

200

400

600

800

1000

0 4 32 256

2048

16384

131072

1048576

Data Size [Bytes]

Tim

e [m

sec]

0

2

4

6

8

10

Ban

dwid

th [M

byte

s/se

c]Time

Bandwidth


Application: Fingerprint Verifications

Distributed processing for verifying the fingerprint in a

database.

Fingerprint matching algorithm→ POCNode#3

Node#2

Node#1

Node#0

FingerprintSensor Fingerprint matching in each node using POC

Registered Fingerprint

Input Fingerprint


What is Phase-Only Correlation (POC) ? correlation using only image phase component according to similarity degree of the image, sharp peak produced Algorithm based on signal processing

Standard image

Input image ２

DFT

DFT

DFT

amplitude

Example of Phase-Only Correlation

Input image 1

DFT

DFT

DFT

phase

phase

correlation

correlation

phase

amplitude

amplitude


Fingerprint Matching Algorithm Using POC Function

128×128FFT

phasing

Registered fingerprint（ phase ）

×

IFFT

Peak extraction

Peak comparison

#Node 0Fingerprint image

Check result

× IFFT

Peak extraction

#Node 3


× IFFT

Peak extraction

#Node 2


× IFFT

Peak extraction

#Node 1



Fingerprint Verification Performance Evaluation The number of computing nodes : 1, 2, or 4 (can be changed ） The number of registered finger print: 12 (3 images per node ） Evaluation of the matching time on input fingerprint

and registered fingerprint

Registered finger print

Node #0

Node #1

Node #2

Node #3

Image from sensor


Result

Processing time: less than 2 seconds with 4 nodes.

Enough performance with embedded CPUs

00.5

11.5

22.5

33.5

1 2 4Processor Nodes

Exec

utio

n tim

e[se

c]

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

Spe

edup

Fac

tor

Execution Time Speedup Factor


Conclusion

Development of a Ubiquitous Computing

Cluster with embedded CPUsWorld smallest cluster computer in size, power

consumption and cost

Suitable for prototyping the next generation

ubiquitous application

Application: Fingerprint verificationperformance evaluation shows satisfactory result

UCC is capable for advance applications


Future Plans

Ubiquitous Computing Cluster

Fingerprintverification

Computer vision

Voice/Speech recognition

Next Generation Ubiquitous Application

Cipher

Fault tolerantsystem

Image tracking

RedundantServer system

RFID certificationRobot System

Face recognition


Thank you

development of a compact cluster with embedded cpus sritrusta sukaridhoto, yoshifumi sasaki, koichi...

Documents

compact cluster

hub node

ftp terminal node

embedded cpu suitable

network computer

mbps fast ethernet node

ded cpu slide

wtyp slide