developing cocoa applications with macruby

Brendan G. Lim@brendanlim

[email protected]

Developing CocoaApplications With

MacRuby

Saturday, February 5, 2011

• Objective-C & Cocoa

• RubyCocoa

• MacRuby

• Live Coding

• HotCocoa

Outline


• Object-oriented extensions to C

• Strongly typed

• Like Ruby, influenced by Smalltalk

• Primarily used for Mac OS X and iOS

Objective -C


• High-level API for Mac OS X

• Set of frameworks

• Includes FoundationKit, AppKit, etc.

• Apps typically built using tools like XCode and Interface Builder

Cocoa


Why make desktop apps?


Different Paradigm


Mac App Store

1. Build MacRuby application2. Submit to App Store4. Profit


Why Ruby insteadof Objective-C?


Apple Loves Ruby

2002 Mac OS X 10.2 Ruby 1.6.7

2005 Mac OS X 10.4 Ruby 1.8.2

2007 Mac OS X 10.5 Ruby 1.8.6RubyCocoa, RubyGems, Rails

2009 Mac OS X 10.6 Ruby 1.8.7RubyCocoa, RubyGems, Rails

2011 Mac OS X 10.7 Ruby 1.9.x?MacRuby? RubyCocoa, RubyGems, Rails


object.method(param)

[object method:param];

=

Ruby vs Objective-C


array = []

NSMutableArray *array = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];

=

Ruby vs Objective-C


“ string”.strip

[@“ string” stringByTrimmingCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet]]

=

Ruby vs Objective-C


dictionary = {“key1” => “value1”, “key2” => “value2”}

NSArray *keys = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@”key1”,@”key2”];NSArray *data = [NSArray arrayWithObjects:@”value1”,@”value2”];NSDictionary *dictionary = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjects:objects forKeys:keys];

=

Ruby vs Objective-C


+


• Bridge between Objective-C and Ruby

• Manipulate Objective-C objects using Ruby

• Write Cocoa apps in Ruby

• Runs on Ruby 1.8

• Ships with OSX Leopard

RubyCocoa


OSX::NSNotificationCenter.defaultCenter.addObserver_selector_name_object( self, :window_moved, "NSWindowDidMoveNotification", nil)

[[NSNotificationCenter defaultCenter] addObserver:self, selector:@selector(windowMoved:) name:”NSWindowDidMoveNotification” object:nil];

=

RubyCocoa vs Objective-C


So, Why Not RubyCocoa?

(besides it looking gross)


• It’s a bridge!

• Two runtimes, GCs, etc.

• Object conversions

• Syntax doesn’t feel like idiomatic Ruby

• It’s getting replaced

Why Not RubyCocoa?


+


• Implementation of Ruby 1.9 that runs on top the Objective-C runtime

• Open sourced and supported by Apple

• Replacing RubyCocoa

• Objects are peers with no translation layer

MacRuby


Object

String

Number

Array

Hash

NSObject

NSMutableString

NSNumber

NSMutableArray

NSMutableDictionary

MacRuby


Objects

Classes

Methods

Objective-C

Objective-C

Objective-C

MacRuby


>> s = “magicruby”=> “magicruby”

>> s.class=> String

>> s.class.ancestors=> [String,NSMutableString,NSString,Comparable,NSObject,Kernel]

>> s.upcase=> “MAGICRUBY”

>> s.uppercaseString=> “MAGICRUBY”

MacRuby


>> NSString.new(“magicruby”)=> “magicruby”

>> NSString.stringWithString(“magicruby”)=> “magicruby”

>> NSString.alloc.initWithString(“magicruby”)=> “magicruby”

MacRuby


>> a = []=> []

>> a.class=> Array

>> a.class.ancestors=> [Array,NSMutableArray,NSArray,Enumerable,NSObject,Kernel]

>> a << “MagicRuby”=> [“MagicRuby”]

MacRuby


MacRuby vs Objective-C-(id) tableView:(NSTableView *)tableView objectValueForColumn:(NSTableColumn *)column row:(int)rowIndex { .. }


MacRuby vs Objective-C-(id) tableView:(NSTableView *)tableView objectValueForColumn:(NSTableColumn *)column row:(int)rowIndex { .. }

def tableView(tableView objectValueForColumn:column

row:rowIndex)end


Interface Builder Outlets & Actions

MacRuby vs Objective-C

!


NSString *myString;@property(nonatomic,retain) IBOutlet NSString *myString;

attr_accessor :myString

Interface Builder Outlets

=

# Interface



def myAction(sender)...

end

Interface Builder Actions

=

-(IBAction) myAction:(id)sender { ... }# Implementation



MacRuby - Gem Support

• sudo macgem install awesome_gem

• Not all gems supported right now


MacRuby - Objective-C Frameworks & Libraries

• Libraries must have garbage collection support

• Libraries must be turned into bundles

• Frameworks can easily be included


• Any Ruby testing framework instantly becomes an Objective-C testing framework

• Test::Unit

• RSpec

• etc...

Testing MacRuby


What tools will webe using?


Xcode


Interface Builder


Instruments


Let’s build a MacRuby app


• Created by Rich Kilmer

• Ruby layer that sits on top of Cocoa, etc.

• Use Ruby to easily create user interfaces

• Used to be included with MacRuby

• Now available as a gem

HotCocoa


win = NSWindow.alloc.initWithContentRect([10,20,300,300], styleMask: (NSTitleWindowMask | NSCloseableWindowMask | NSMiniatureizableWindowMask | NSResizeableWindowMask)

win = window :frame => [10,20,300,300]

=

HotCocoa


HotCocoa

sudo macgem install hotcocoa

hotcocoa NAME_OF_APP


require ‘hotcocoa’

class Application include HotCocoa

def start application :name => "Hello" do |app| app.delegate = self window :frame => [500,500,200,100], :title => "Hello" do |win| win << label(:text => "Hello World",:layout => {:start => false}) win.will_close { exit } end end endend

Application.new.start

Hello World in HotCocoa


http://macruby.orghttp://bit.ly/macruby-getting-started

http://bit.ly/macruby-exampleshttp://bit.ly/tdd-macruby

Questions?

MacRuby in Actionhttp://manning.com/lim


http://macruby.org

http://macruby.org

http://bit.ly/macruby-getting-started

http://bit.ly/macruby-getting-started

http://bit.ly/macruby-examples

http://bit.ly/macruby-examples

http://bit.ly/tdd-macruby

http://bit.ly/tdd-macruby

http://manning.com/lim

http://manning.com/lim

developing cocoa applications with macruby

Technology

macruby objective

ruby insteadof objectivec

ruby vs objectivec string

ruby vs objectivec dictionary

macruby implementation

objectivec objects

ruby vs objectivecobject

ruby vs objectivecarray