DevelopingaRoadmapfortheRevisionoftheCo-ManagementPlanfortheHinNamNoNPAover2016-2020Nov.2014“IntegratedNatureConservation&SustainableResource ManagementintheHinNamNoRegion(HNN)”

In cooperation with

KlausBerkmüllerChrisHallam

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TableofContentsCentraltasksofthe“roadmap”consultancy.............................................................................................................1

UpdateandrevisionoftheexistingHNNCo-ManagementPlan............................................................................1

Purposeoftheroadmap.........................................................................................................................................1

Protectedareamanagementplanning......................................................................................................................2

General....................................................................................................................................................................2

UNESCOrequirementsforWHsites........................................................................................................................3

Co-management......................................................................................................................................................4

Theplanningtemplate............................................................................................................................................4

Plancontent........................................................................................................................................................7

Managementunitcontributions.............................................................................................................................8

Data-Base&MappingUnit..................................................................................................................................9

AreaManagementUnit.......................................................................................................................................9

PatrollingUnit...................................................................................................................................................10

AwarenessUnit.................................................................................................................................................10

Eco-TourismUnitandLivelihoodImprovementUnit........................................................................................10

Majorissues..............................................................................................................................................................11

Zonationandzoningrelatedactivities..................................................................................................................11

Eco-tourismUnitcontributionstothezoningprocess......................................................................................11

Monitoringprotocol..............................................................................................................................................12

ThestrategicroleofmonitoringintheSMP.....................................................................................................12

Planningconsiderations....................................................................................................................................12

Reporting...........................................................................................................................................................13

Linkingconservationobjectivesandincentives....................................................................................................13

Partnershipstrategyatvillageandvillageclusterlevel....................................................................................13

TourismatHNN.................................................................................................................................................14

Institutionalsetup................................................................................................................................................14

Sustainablefinancingstrategy..............................................................................................................................17

Theroadmap............................................................................................................................................................17

References.............................................................................................................................................................19

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ListofTables

Table1ManagementPlanningProcess(adaptedfromBPAMP2005).......................................................................6Table2TentativeSMPoutline....................................................................................................................................7Table3IndicativemanagementprogramsandstructurefortheOperationsplan....................................................8Table4Statusofmilestoneoutputsofthezoningprocess....................................................................................11Table5MilestoneeventsandinputstotheSMPpreparationprocess....................................................................18

ListofFiguresFigure1Indicativemanagementplancontentsforanindigenousprotectedarea....................................................4Figure2Themainplanningdocuments....................................................................................................................8Figure3SuggestedthematicandorganizationalstructureofHNNManagementatBoualaphadistrict...............16

AnnexesAnnex1: ParticipatorydevelopmentofmanagementplansforprotectedareasinCambodia(tableofcontents)Annex2: AnswerstoqueriesonthezoningprocessbytheHNNmanagementteamAnnex3: Selectedunitsfrom“Amanager’sguidetoprotectedareamanagementintheLaoPDR”

Unit1.5ProtectedareazoningUnit5.3EstablishingpatrollingsectorsAnnex4: HNNmonitoringprotocol(ToC);AlternativefielddataformAnnex5: Basicsetofthematicmaps

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AbbreviationsAFC Agro-ForestryConsultantsBZ BufferZone

BPAMP BiodiversityandProtectedAreasManagementProjectCMC Co-ManagementCommitteeCUZ ControlledUseZoneCZ CorridorZone

DPAA DistrictProtectedAreaAuthorityGEF GlobalEnvironmentFacilityGIZ GermanInternationalCooperationGoL LaoGovernmentHNN HinNamno(orHinNamNo)NPAICEM InternationalCentreforEnvironmentalManagementIUCN TheWorldConservationUnionNBCA NationalBiodiversityConservationAreaNPA NationalProtectedAreaNTFP Non-TimberForestProductOP OperationsPlan(WorkPlan)PAA ProtectedAreaAuthorityPLUP ParticipatoryLandUsePlanningPN PhongNha

PNKB PhongNha–KeBangNationalParkPONRE ProvincialOfficeofNaturalResourcesandEnvironmentPPAA ProvincialProtectedAreaAuthoritySEA SoutheastAsia/n

SMART SpatialMonitoringandReportingToolSMP StrategicManagementPlanToC TableofContentsTPZ TotalProtectionZone

UNESCO UnitedNationsEducational,Scientific,andCulturalOrganizationWCS WildlifeConservationSocietyWH WorldHeritage

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Reportsummary

Thepurposeofthe“roadmap”istofacilitatetheupdatingandrevisionoftheexistingHNNco-managementplan.• Expandandupdatethebackgroundchapterusingnewinformationandthematicmaps.• Establishclearlinksbetweenconservationvaluesandthreats.• Deriveissuesfromanexplicitspatialconservationvalueandthreatanalysisandpinpoint“hotspots”for

priorityaction.Developastrategicapproachtohotspotconflictresolution.• ToprovidestructureforOperationalWorkPlans,developafiveyearvisionandverifiableobjectivesforeach

managementprogram.TherevisedStrategicManagementPlan(SMP)shouldbedevelopedbyaLaoPlanningteamoveraperiodofsixtoeightmonthswithspecificcontributionsbyeachoftheexistingmanagementunits.APlanningWorkshopinJuly2015signalsthebeginningofPlandrafting.FourmainplanningdocumentswillbecompletedbySeptember2015;theSMP2016–2020anditsassociatedFinancialPlan,anOperationsPlan2016–2020,andanAnnualWorkplan20015/2016.Arobustandpracticalmanagementapproachisrecommendedwiththefollowingfeatures:• ManagementshouldfollowaPartnershipStrategybuildingontheexistingpartnershipwithguardianvillages

andvillageclusters.Rolesandresponsibilitiesforthepartnershiparesuggested.Theimportanceofvillageagreementtozoningarrangementsisemphasized.

• Managementshouldhaveaspatialfocusandberesultoriented.Concentratingscarcemanagementresourcesonknownissuesinwell-definedhotspotsismorerealisticandconvincingasaproblemsolvingapproachthangeneralthreatreductionbyimprovedlawenforcement.

• Conservationvalueandthreatsmonitoringprovidesfielddataforspatialplanning.Asystememployingvillagevolunteersisupandrunning.“Scientificmonitoring”bytechnicalstafforresearchersisabouttobegin.Wesuggesttoassessobservationreplicability,andverificationofstatisticalvalidityofthescientificmonitoringapproach.

• Theyear-endapplicationofmonitoringresultsisscheduledasanintroductiontoannualworkplanning.• ToaccountforthelimitedstaffcapacityatparkheadquartersinBoualapha,werecommendaneventual

reductioninthenumberofmanagementunitsfromsixtofour.Noorganizationalchangesareanticipatedfor2015.

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Centraltasksofthe“roadmap”consultancy

UpdateandrevisionoftheexistingHNNCo-ManagementPlanTheultimatepurposeofthe“roadmap”istofacilitatetheupdatingandrevisionoftheexistingHNNco-managementplan.TheexistingHNNmanagementplan2010-2015wasthemajoroutputofaone-year,49,000USDproject“ImprovingmanagementofHinNamnoNationalProtectedAreathroughstrengtheningco-managementwithlocalcommunities”.Theplanwaspreparedin2009byaneightmemberLaotechnicalteam.ThezonationandmonitoringprogramsintheoriginalplanwereinspiredbyaLaoprimatologistwhoprovidedfirst-handknowledgeacquiredduringstudiesatseveralresearchsites.Systematicandcompletezonationwasnotpossibleatthetimebecausedocumentedinformationwasonlyavailableforapproximatelyonethirdofthereserve.ElementsoftheplanarebeingimplementedwithGIZsupportunderthecurrentHNNCo-managementProject.Followingthemid-termprojectreviewin2013,grassrootsco-managementwasformallyestablishedandnowyieldsspeciesandthreatdatafromallaccessedpartsofthereserve.Severalcasesofsuccessfullawenforcementandsignificantbenefitsharinghavebeendocumented.Byearlytomid-2015,themanagementteamisworkingtowardsamanagementd-baseandacompleteseriesofthematicmaps,aprovisionalzonationplanfortheentirereserve,anddraftstrategicapproachestolanduseconflictresolution,incentivesandbenefitsharing,lawenforcementandmonitoring.Planupdatesandrevisionstoconsider

1. Expandandupdatethebackgroundchapterusingnewinformationandthematicmaps.2. Establishclearlinksbetweenconservationvalues(habitattypesandquality,distributionofindicatorspecies,

consistencyofpresenceobservationsofthemostsignificantHNNpopulations)andthreats(typeofthreat,intensityandacuteness,suspectedimpactatpresentandinfuture).

3. Deriveissuesfromanexplicitspatialconservationvalueandthreatanalysisandpinpoint“hotspots”forpriorityaction.Developastepwisestrategicapproachtohotspotconflictresolutionwithintegratedcontributionsbyothermanagementprograms,primarilythosethataddresslivelihoodsissues,thatarrangeprotectioncontractsandmonitorresourcecondition.

4. ToprovidestructureforOperationalWorkPlans,decideonasetofessentialmanagementprogramsanddraftafiveyearvisionplusasetofverifiableobjectivesforeachprogram.

PurposeoftheroadmapTheroadmapprocessoutlinedinthisreportisanaddendumtothe2014/2015workplantobeimplementedwithintheexistingorganization.Threemajoroutputsareexpected.(I)A“bestpractice”templatefortheHNNco-managementplan.

(II)Datatocollectandstrategicapproachestofacilitatemanagementandplanning.

(III)Timelinewithmilestonestoguidetheprojectimplementationteaminacquiringmissinginformationandcompletingtheoutputsunder(I)and(II).

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Protectedareamanagementplanning

GeneralIntheSEAregion,theextentandqualityofreservemanagementvarieswidelyevenwithincountriesandmostprotectedareaprofessionalswouldagreethatmediumandlong-termplanningisnecessaryformoreconsistentandsustainedmanagement.However,many“stateoftheart”plansareneverused.Lackoffundingisafrequentexplanation,butthereareothers.Themostcommonislackoflocalownershipstemmingfromanumberofconstraintstocapacitybuildinginthelocalsetting.Theartofmanagementplanningisindraftingaplanthatis

challengingbutnotimpossibletoimplement.

Allprotectedareaplansshouldfollowabasiclogicwithafewessentialcomponents.

• Adescriptionofthecontextinwhichmanagementtakesplace• Anassessmentofconservationvalues.• Threatanalysisandidentificationofissues.• Designofworkprogramstodealwiththreatsandaddressissues.Monitoringofmanagementeffectivenessandtheapplicationofmonitoringresultsinannualworkplanningisanindispensablefeatureforanacceptableplan.Duringthenext5-yearmanagementperiod,theHNNteamneedstobecomeproficientinmanagementandmonitoring.

TheIUCNGuidelinesforManagementPlanningofProtectedAreas(Thomas&Middleton,2003)emphasize

fundamentalchanges1inPAplanningthatwereemergingattheturnofthecentury.InitsmanagementprinciplesinthelowerMekongregion,theInternationalCentreforEnvironmentalManagement(ICEM,2003)speaksofanevolutionofprotectedareamanagement.Manyofthesechangesareachievedthroughparticipatoryformsofmanagement.

ArecentIUCNpublicationongovernance(Borrini-Feyerabendetal.2013)listsfourtypesofgovernancecategoriesrangingfrom“totallycontrolledbygovernment”to“totallycontrolledbyindigenouspeoplesandlocalcommunities”2.ThedegreeofauthoritybyvillagesandvillageclustersoverrulesformulationandenforcementintheirareaswilllargelydeterminewhereHNNfallsinthisgradient.Theboundariesofvillageauthorityandresponsibilitywillbeanoutcomeofthezonation.

TherevisedStrategicManagementPlanshouldcontainapartnershipstrategyaimingatconflictresolutioninspecificlocations.Combinedwithlivelihoodmeasuresandjudiciouslawenforcementthismayyetyieldconcreteandverifiableresults.

1Seetable1inThomas&Middleton(2003)2Seetable4IUCNgovernancetypesforprotectedareasinBorrini-Feyerabendetal.(2003)

CasestudyexcerptwithparticularrelevancetoHNNmanagement(fromBorrini-Feyerabendetal.2013)AtLaninNationalParkinArgentina….Aco-managementcommitteewasformedwiththeclearunderstandingthatcommunityrightstotraditionallandswouldberecognized,formalandinformalstructuresofcommunityinvolvementwouldbeworkedout,allbenefitsoftheparkwouldbeshared,andbothbiologicalandculturaldiversitywouldbeprotected.

Stateoftheartmanagementplans..…

1.Areoftenproducedbyexternalconsultantswithtokenparticipationbylocalauthoritiesandstakeholders.

2.Followdonorexpectationsofplanningdetailandencouragetheadditionofhighlydetailed,voluminous,specializedsub-plans.

3.Makeunrealistictacitassumptionsaboutthespeedandqualityofcapacitydevelopment.

4.Areoftenbasedoninadequateknowledgeofthespecificlocalconservationvaluesandtheirdistribution.

5.Tendtobebasedonperceptionsratherthanknowledgeofthreatsandtheirdistribution.

6.Oftenapplygenericcapacitybuildingsolutionstoaddressgenericproblemsandemphasizecapacitytargetsoververifiableresultachievementsinthefield.

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UNESCOrequirementsforWHsitesHinNamnoNationalProtectedAreaandtheadjacentVietnameseNationalParkPhongNha–KeBangarepartofoneoftheworld’slargestandoldestkarstformations.ThefirstIUCNfieldinspectionin1999acknowledgedthepotentialvalueofPhongNhaasaNaturalWorldHeritagesiteifjointlynominatedwithHNN.FollowingtheadditionofKeBang,PNKB’srenominationin2002wassuccessful.In2003,theparkwasaccordedWorldHeritagestatusonaccountofcriterion(viii)3asanOutstandingexampleofamajorstageofEarth’shistoryincluding…geologicalprocessesinthedevelopmentoflandforms,orsignificantgeomorphicorphysiographicfeatures.AmorerecentapplicationbyPNKBonaccountofcriterion(x)Importantnaturalhabitatsforthein-situconservationofbiodiversitywasnotyetsuccessful(IUCN,2011)4.

Trans-boundarycooperationwithPNKBandthepursuitofWorldHeritagestatushavebeenontheHNNagendaeversince2003andarepartoftheexistingmanagementplan.

TheWHaccessionguidedetailsthestepsandrequirements.

• InclusionofHNNinthecountrytentativelistofareasthatthegovernmentmaydecidetonominateforWHstatusinthefuture.Althoughsaidtohavebeencloseinthepast,GoLhassofarnottakenthisstep.

• Thesubmissionofacomprehensivenominationdossierthatmakesascientificallysoundandrhetoricallyconvincingcasefortheuniquenessandrelativeimportanceofthevaluesdiscussed.Thisentailsathoroughcomparisonwithsimilarsites,notablyPNKB,stressingdifferences,complementarity,andvaluegainsfromincreasedareasizeandhabitatvariety.Awell-presentedcasewouldhavetobebasedontheresultsofprofessionalstudies,inventories,andsurveysof(a)HNNhydrologyandgeologyincludingsub-terraindrainageandcavesystems,(b)floraandplantassociations,(c)globallyimportantpopulationsofindicatorspeciesinthemajoraccessibleHNNhabitats.

• AnindependentWHaccessionbyHNNforvaluesidenticaltothoseofPNKBishighlyunlikely.JudgingfromreferencestoHNNinpreviousreports,anIUCNtechnicalmissionwouldprobablyendorseajointHNN-PNKBapplication,especiallyifitwasaccompaniedbyastrongHNNnominationdossier.However,jointaccessionrequiresaformalcoordinationofmanagementbetweenthetworeserves.Whilecooperationagreementshavebeensignedatprovincelevelinthepast,theyhavesofarnotresultedinjointactivitiesontheground(Nguyen,2012).ManagementcapacitydifferstotheextentthatHNNwouldlikelyberegardedasthejuniorpartnerinanyarrangement.

ConsideringHNN’sabsencefromthetentativelistandthenumerouspressingtasksonhand,thedraftingofajointnomination–ifretainedasamanagementprogram–wouldbestbepostponedtoalaterperiodinthefiveyearplanningcycle.Professionalsurveysandinventoriesareessentialforadeeperunderstandingofthereserve’sconservationvaluesandshouldbeimplementedregardlessofanyambitiontoattainWHstatus.

3Previouslycriterion(i)4Excerptfromdecision:35COM8B.12(WorldHeritageCommittee2011)3.Refersthere-nominationofPhongNha-KeBangNationalPark,VietNam,undertheadditionalcriterion(x)backtotheStatePartytoallowittoaddresstheintegrity,protectionandmanagementissuesaffectingtheproperty…4.AlsorecommendstheStatePartytoconsidersubmissionofanextensiontotheproperty,withtheassistanceofIUCNandtheWorldHeritageCentreasrequired,includingconsiderationofthefollowingpoints:a)Completionoftheongoingprocesstoextendtheparkfrom85,754hato125,729hainadditiontoactivelypursuingcontinueddiscussionswiththeGovernmentofPDRLaowithaviewtothepotentialnominationofHinNamnoNationalBiodiversityConservationAreaaspartofatransboundaryapproach,

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Co-managementTheapproachtomanagement planningvarieswidely.Triballandownersmaynotevenbe awareofthecollaborativemanagementconceptas mainstreamsocietalgroupsunderstandit.Withexternal encouragementtheymightproduceaplanasinfig.1(Hillet al.2011).

Evenbeforetheturnofthe century,LatinAmericanprotectedareaprofessionals foundthatgenericworkplanswereeffectiveinestablishinga basicmanagementcapacityinprotectedareasthatstarted fromscratch(Thomas&Middleton,2003).Acredible managementsystemwasalsocreatedintheNBCAsDongHua SaoandPhouXiangThonginChampassakprovinceofLao P.D.R.(Berkmülleretal.1999)byconcentratingonwhatneeded tobedonewithoutrecoursetoamanagementplan.NamKading NPAinBolikhamxayprovincehasproducedaten-year managementplan(PAFOBolikhamxay,2010)thatis noteworthyforitsliberaluseofdiagramsandthematicmaps. Whileitfollowsthebasicplanlogic,allofitsprogramobjectives areactivityfocusedandopenended.

Attheoppositeendofthe spectrum,wehaveNaturalWorldHeritagesiteswithdetailed descriptionsofconservationvaluesandmanagementplansto matchtheirconsiderableimplementationcapacity.Most relevanttoHNNistheSMPforPNKB(Bleisch&LeTrong,2012).ItsheritagevaluesalsoapplytoHNN.Thelistedstrategiesare–inprinciple-alsoapplicabletoHNN.SomeofitsappendicescouldalsobeusefulformanagementimplementationatHNN5.Despitetheseadvantages,thePNKBplanisnotconsideredasuitableexampleforHNNtoemulate.

Onlysomeofthedesiredoutcomesaredefinedspatiallyorintermsofafive-orten-yeartarget,makingitdifficulttouseasabasisforworkplanningorverificationthroughmonitoring.Aboutonedozenmanagementresponsesarelistedforeachstrategy,thirty-sixinthecaseofcapacitybuilding.Whileexperiencedprotectedareaprofessionalsbackedbyadequateresourceswouldbeabletodesigntheappropriateactivities,thischallengeexceedsbyfartheexistingcapacityatHNN.Planinputswereexclusivelyprovidedbyofficialsatpolicyormanageriallevel.TheSMPforHNNneedstoofferexplicitguidanceforactionplanningandgrass-rootsstakeholderconsultation.

In2003,ViracheyNationalParkinnorthernCambodiapreparedafive-yearmanagementplan(BPAMP,2003)withGEFfundingandtechnicalassistancebyBPAMP.Theplanningprocesswasconvincinglypresentedinamanual.TheplanandthemethodbywhichitwascompiledwereapprovedbytheCambodianMinistryofEnvironmentandusedbyotherprojectsandconservationNGOs6.

TheplanningtemplateTheplanningapproachdevelopedforCambodia(BPAMP2005)issuggestedasatemplatefortheplanningprocess.ItisbasedonexperienceinViracheyNationalPark.ContiguouswithDongAmphamNBCAinLaoPDRandMomRayNatureReserveinVietnam,Virachey’sproblemsandneedsaretypicalforforestprotectedareasinthelowerMekongbasin.ThatBPAMP’sapproachiswelldocumented,providesanotherargumentforitschoiceasaplanningtemplate.

TheHNNapproachofdecentralizingauthoritytolocalcommunitiesatHNNandinvolvingthemindatagatheringandlawenforcementdiffers

5i.e.AnnexXIXoncavemanagement6Seeassessmentofindicator3intheImplementationCompletionandResultsreport(ICR)

AdditionalBPAMPdocuments• Annualoperations&budgetplanning

andmonitoring&evaluation• Rangerbaseddatacollection• Viracheynationalparkprotectionplan

2006-2008• Viracheynationalparkecotourism

strategy• Smallgrantguidelines• Settlementsandagricultureinand

adjacenttoViracheynationalpark

Figure1Indicativemanagementplancontentsforanindigenousprotectedarea

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fromthemoretraditionalmanagementpracticedatVirachey.TheBPAMPplanningtemplateleavesadequateroomfortherequisitestakeholderinput.Co-managementstructureswillalsobeensuredbyaPartnershipStrategyintheSMP.

ThesuggestedprocessisbasedontheapproachdescribedinParticipatoryDevelopmentofManagementPlansforProtectedAreasinCambodia(BPAMP,2005).IthasbeenadaptedandconsiderablyshortenedtofittheneedsofHNNmanagement(table1).Associatedmilestoneeventsoroutputsareindicatedinthetabletextandintheroadmapschedule(table5).Thetimingofthescopingworkshopdependslargelyoncompletionoftheprovisionalzoning.ItshouldnotbedelayedbeyondMay2015evenwhenzonationisnotquitecomplete.

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Table1ManagementPlanningProcess(adaptedfromBPAMP2005)

1.PlanningTeamSelection(November2014)Theobjectiveofthisstepistoidentifythepeopleatprovinceanddistrictlevelwhowillberesponsibleforproducingmajorplaninputs;onepersonwhowillleadtheprocess,acoretechnicalandpolicylevelplanningteam.TheteamleaderassistedbytheHNNaccountantwillattendtofinancialplanningaspectswhenrequired.• ListofdesignatedSMPplanningteammembers2.OrientationWorkshop(1day)(November2014)Anorientationworkshopshouldbeheldbythecoreteamtofirstconfirmtheplanningprocessamongthemselves.Thereafter,thecoreteamleadershouldpresenttheagreedprocesstoheadsandstaffofthetechnicalunitsandclarifytheirroleinprovidingtheplanningteamwiththenecessaryinformation.Attheworkshoptheteamleaderleadsthecoreteamthrough(a)areviewofthekeyprinciplesforthewritingofmanagementplans,(b)anoverviewoftheplanningprocessandtentativeplancontent,and(c)areviewoftheinformationrequirementsnotedinthe“roadmap”report.Immediatelyaftertheorientationworkshop,thecoreteamleadershoulddelegate(inwriting)theresponsibilityforcompilingspecificbackgroundinformationtomanagementunitheads.Thedatabaseunitheadshouldbedesignatedtobetherepositoryforthisinformation.• Workshopoutputs:preliminarySMPoutline,agreedplanningprocess,expectedcontributionstotheprocessbyeach

managementunit,decisiononthepursuitofWHaccession.3.BackgroundInformationandfielddataacquisition(December2014,January–June2015)Topreparethemanagementunitsfortheroadmaptasks,theyshouldbeintroducedtobasicinformationmanagement.BeginningattheendofDecember2014,theHNNmanagementteamshouldcheckmonthlyonthetimelydeliveryofunitcontributions.Thematicmapsandanalysesoffielddataareparticularlyimportantforclarifyingthemajorissuesandpinpointingtheirmanifestationsinthereserve.ThezoningresultsarecentraltotheSMPplanningprocess.Thecoreplanningteamshouldbefamiliarwithitsresultsandpossibleremaininggapsatthetimeofthescopingworkshop.• Monthlyroadmapprogressreviewsbythemanagementteam• PresentationoftheprovisionalzoningresultsbytheAreaManagementUnit(April2015)4.ScopingWorkshop(1day)(May2015)Theobjectiveofthisstepistodevelopanddocumentacleardirectionforthemanagementoftheprotectedarea.Thescopingworkshopisattendedbythecoreteamonlyandshouldproducethefollowing:• Issuesandhotspotlocationsbasedonareviewofzoningandthreatanalysisresults;proposedvisionsandverifiableobjectivesformanagementprogramsthataddresstheissues;keystakeholdersandhowtheymightbeimpactedbysomemanagementprograms.5.KeyStakeholderConsultation(June–July2015)Conductedbetweenthescopingworkshopandtheplanningworkshop,theobjectiveofthisstepistoelicitconcernsandsuggestionsbykeystakeholderswhoneedtoapprove,support,andimplementtheplan.Theneutralfacilitator(SocialEnterpriseAFC)andtheareamanagementunitshouldberesponsiblefortheconsultationsatvillageandvillageclusterlevel.Thesecanbelimitedtomanagementprogramswithimplicationsfortherespectivestakeholdergroup.ThecapacitybuildingofCo-managementcommitteesandtheparticipatoryzonationprocessformgoodopportunitiesforkeystakeholderconsultations.TheCoreTeamleadershouldconductagencyandprivatesectorconsultationsatdistrictandprovincelevelorthiscanbedoneinthedistrictco-managementworkshopaswell.Thisstepshouldbedocumentedinasummaryforuseinsubsequentplanningsteps.• Summaryofconsultationresults6.PlanningWorkshop(2-4days)(July2015)TheobjectiveoftheplanningworkshopistopresenttheManagementPlanningTeam’sworktoaconsultanthiredtowritethedraftplan,todevelopthemanagementactivitiesandplanoutline.Thefullteamparticipatesinthisworkshop,facilitatedbytheteamleader,whoshouldensurethattheviewsofallparticipantsareheard.Wesuggesttoschedulebriefpresentationsbytheunitheads.Followingareviewofthescopingworkshopoutputsandresultsofthestakeholderconsultations,theworkshopisexpectedtoproducetwomajoroutputs• Workshopoutputs:Rankedissuesandopportunitiesandagreedmilestonesperthematicarea(modeldevelopmentand

scalingup);agreedmanagementprogramsandassociatedprogramvisionsandfive-yearobjectives7.WritingtheDraftManagementPlanandFinancialPlan2016-2020(July-August2015)Theobjectiveofthisstepistocompiletheoutputsoftheplanningworkshopintoadraftmanagementplan.Thistaskistheoverallresponsibilityoftheteamleaderincooperationwiththeplandraftingconsultant.Thefinancialplanshouldbebasedonestimatesforimplementingtheplanunderdifferentcostnormsandexpenditureassumptions.Theteamleader,inconsensuswithothermembersofthecoreplanningteam,shouldselectthemostrealisticalternativeanddraftthefinancialplanwithhelpfromtheprotectedareaaccountingstaff.• Draftplansforformalapproval(September2015)8.DevelopingOperationalPlans(September2015)TheOperationalPlancanbepreparedbasedonthestructureprovidedbytheagreedmanagementprogramsandapplyingaccustomedplanningprocedures.• Operationalplan2016-2020• Annualworkplan2015/2016

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PlancontentAccordingtotheBPAMPtemplate,themanagementplanmustinclude,asaminimum,thefollowing:•ExecutiveSummary•BackgroundInformationontheprotectedarea•PurposeandMissionStatement•IssuesandVision•Zones•ManagementProgramsandActions•References•Appendiceswithatleastashortdescriptionoftheprocessfollowedinproducingtheplan

Whileadheringtothisgivenstructure,addedcontentdetailproducedthepreliminarySMPoutlineshownintable2.ItisthistablethatwillbeupfordiscussionduringtheScopingWorkshop.

Thehighlightedpartoftable2specifiestheessentialmanagementprograms.Theprogramsareanoutcomeoftheplanningprocess7.

Themanagementprograms,theirvisionstatements,andtheir5-yearverifiableobjectivesisthepartoftheSMPthatdefinesandguidesOperationalPlanning(table3).

Fig.2summarizestheplanningprocessandshowstherelationshipbetweenthetwomainoutputs,thestrategicmanagementplusfinancingplan,aswellastheoperationalplanandtheannualworkplan.

7Thestatedmanagementprograms30to34refertoUnittasksoutlinedinfigure3.

A.LEGALDOCUMENTS1. Onmanagementplanningandco-management2. Onboundarymanagementandzoning3. Onlawenforcement4. Onresearchandmonitoring5. Onincentives,protectioncontracts,benefitsharing6. Firstgazettementandlocalproclamation/s7. Subsequent/mostrecentlegalstatuschange8. Fixedboundarynodes,adjustments9. Managementhistory10. Existing(guardianvillage)PLUPdocumentation11. Provinceapprovedby-laws12. Districtapprovedby-laws B.BACKGROUNDINFORMATION

13. Administrativeboundaries14. Demographicsandland-usebylocalcommunities15. Culturalandhistoricalvalues16. (Near)contiguousprotectedareas17. Biophysicalcharacteristics18. Surveyhistoryandconservationvalues C.ZONATION

19. TotalProtectionZone20. ControlledUseZone21. TourismZone22. CorridorZone23. Boundarymanagement24. Rulesforeachzone D.DEALINGWITHISSUES

25. Threatanalysis(includesfireandinvasivespecies)26. Locationspecificissuesandlanduseconflict27. Co-managementandcooperationarrangements28. Capacitybuilding29. Sustainablefinance E.MANAGEMENTPROGRAMS

30. SupportOfficetasks31 InformationManagement32 AreaManagement33 Outreach34 Livelihoods F.FINANCIALPLAN

Table2TentativeSMPoutline

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Figure2Themainplanningdocuments

Table3IndicativemanagementprogramsandstructurefortheOperationsplan

managementprogram strategicvision 5-yearverifiableobjective1. InformationManagement 2. AreaManagement conservationmanagement lawenforcement 3. Outreach conservationsupport negotiatedlanduseagreements 4. Livelihoods newandongoinginitiatives paymentforservicesandotherincentives

ManagementunitcontributionsAllmanagementunitswillberequiredtosupporttheSMPcoreplanningteam.Attheorientationworkshop(November2014)theteamleaderwillinformtheunitheadsofwhatisexpected.Thenotesbelowwilldetailthemainexpectations.Milestonesareindicatedbybulletpoints.

Theactivityalsoprovidesanopportunitytointroducebasicinformationmanagement.BytheendofDecember2014,allunitsshouldhaveprovidedalistoftheinformationtheykeep,whereitiskept,andhowitisupdated.Theyshouldhighlightthedatausedtomeasureprogressandtoinferoutcome.Unitstaffshouldassesstheirimplementationstatusandnotecapacityconstraintsthathavecauseddelays.ThisassessmentshouldbehandedovertothecoreplanningteambyJune2015.

StrategicManagementandFinancialPlan (2016-2020)

Context&backgroundIssues&strategiesManagementprograms&objectives

PlanningteamformationandinformationgatheringfortheSMPbeginsinNovember2014.UntilJuly2015,HNNmanagementunitswillprovideinputstotheplanningprocess. SMPwritingstartsinJuly2015andturnsoutadraftmanagementplanandadraftfinancialplanattheendofAugust2015.

OperationsPlan (2016-2020) AnnualWorkPlan2015/2016

InSeptember2015,themanagementunitheads,assistedbytheHNNmanagementteamwillproduceafive-yearoperations(work)planbasedonthestructureprovidedbytheSMP(mainlysectionEandF).

Aftercompletionofthefive-yearoperationsplan,themanagementunitswillprepareanannualworkplanfor2015/2016.

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ContributionsmustberelevanttothecentralunitrolesintheHNNPASub-unitsStructureandDraftToR.Acontributionmayrefertoasignificantandconcreteachievement,bepotentiallyusefulintheSMPplanningprocessorasanSMPannex.

Data-Base&MappingUnitThisunitisresponsibleforthestorageofHNNrelateddataoncomputer,inadocumentlibrary,andmaplibrary.TheUnitkeepsdataandprovidesitonrequest.Theinformation,documents,reports,andmapupdatesmustbesuppliedbytheunitsthat“own”thedata.

Specifically,theUnitshould

1. KeepasetoflegaldocumentsrelevanttoaspectsofNPAmanagement(items1-5intable2).Pertinentpassagesinthetextshouldbehighlightedandnotedinacoversheetforconvenientreference.

2. KeephardcopiesoflegaldocumentswithspecificreferencetoHNN(items6-12intable2).Mostimportant:legalboundarydescriptions,landownershipinandbyguardianvillages(includingpreviousPLUPdocumentation),contractsandcommitmentscurrentlyinforce.

3. Keephardandsoftcopiesofabasicsetofthematicmapstoillustrateandvisualizeitems13to26intable2(annex5).

4. Keephardandsoftcopiesofallinventories,surveys,andresearchevercarriedoutinornearHNN.5. UsetheSMARTsystemtoprintoutmeaningful,singlepage,monthlyreportsonmonitoringbyvillagepatrols;by

scientificmonitoring.

TheunitheadshouldberesponsibleforcollectingthecontributionstoSMTplanningandpreparingquarterlyreportsaboutwhatisavailable.FullyfunctionalstatusoftheSMARTsystemshouldbeverifiedbyprint-outsofanalyticalreportsandaccompanyingmap.

• Endofquarterreports(March,June2015)

AreaManagementUnitThisunitshouldcontributetoitems15–26,and34intable2.Itstasksarebestdescribedastechnicalresourcemanagement.ItsworkiscloselyrelatedtoandpartlydependentondataprocuredbythePatrollingUnit(villagebasedresourcemanagement)whichcontrolsthelion’sshareoftheavailableimplementationcapacity.

ThemaincontributionstotheSMPprocessinclude

1. Atrailmap,ahabitatvaluesmap,andindicatorspeciesdistributionmaparenecessaryfordraftingaprovisionalTotalProtectionZonemapwhichmustbeavailableforthescopingworkshop,tentativelyscheduledforMay2015.Onemonthahead,theUnitshouldsetasideseveraldaystoreviewthezoningguidelinesandtheconservationvaluesdataandtooutlinethezoneonamap.

2. Conservationvaluesandthreatsanalysisrevealslanduseconflictlocationswhichcanbefurtherqualifiedbytypeofthreatandconservationvalue.The“hotspot”identificationshouldbepresentedbytheunitheadattheprioritysettingscopingworkshopasaprimertoissuediscussions.Areviewofsurveyhistoryandknowledgegaps,ofconservationvalueandthreatdatashouldprecedetheanalysis.

3. AtthestartofoperationalplanninginSeptember2015(andonsubsequentoccasions)theUnitshouldpresentasummaryandanalysisofmonitoringeffort,indicatorspeciesdata,threatdataanddocumentedlawenforcement.

4. Boundarymanagementisastandardcomponentofmanagementplans.Thecoreplanningteamwillbegratefulfordetailedboundarydescriptions,entrypoints,villageagreeddelineationandprotection,needforandstatusofdemarcation.ThematerialsshouldbesuppliedbeforethePlanningWorkshopinJuly2015.

Milestones

• CompletionoftrailmapandtheprovisionalTPZmap(April2015)• ConservationvaluesandthreatsanalysispresentationattheScopingWorkshop(May2015)• SurveyrecommendationsandboundarymanagementmaterialsdeliveredbeforetheSMPPlanning

Workshop(July2015)• Firstinstanceofmonitoringdatasummaryandanalysispriortoannualworkplanning(September2015)

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PatrollingUnitTheUnitcontributessignificantlytoitems32and33intable2.Apartfromresponsibilityforsurveyandresearch,theUnitismainlyconcernedwithvillagebasedresourceprotectionandmonitoring.TheUnitislinkedtooverallareamanagementbyitscontributionstomonitoringandprotection.Itisalsolinkedtooutreachbyitsvillagebasedpartnersandpaymentforservicesarrangements.AmongtheUnitsitistheonethatholdsthegreatestpromiseforinnovationandgeneratingverifiableresults.

1. Theplanningteammayseeaneedtoincorporateprofessionalinventories,surveysandsignificanceassessmentsinthefieldsofgeology/hydrologyandcaveecology,floraandtypicalbiophysicalcommunities,andwildlifesurveys.PertinentrecommendationsandoutlineToRwouldbehelpfulfordecisionmakingbytheplanningteam.

2. Toconvincetheplanningteamofthevalueandcost-effectivenessofvillagebasedresourcemanagement,areportsummaryshouldbeavailableatthescopingworkshopinMay2015.

3. Anupdatedreportsummaryandhighlightsofsignificantfindingsshouldbegivenattheplanningworkshopandagainbeforetheannualworkplanpreparation.

Milestones

• Reportsummary(April2015)• RecommendationsanddraftToRforprofessionalsurveys(June2015)• Presentationoneffort,results,andhighlightsofvillagebasedmonitoring&protection(July,September2015)

AwarenessUnitTheUnitseemsprimarilyconcernedwithdisseminationofthelawwithsomereferencetoeducationandpromotionalactivities.Asitsactivitieshavearbitraryperformancetargetswithvaguelongtermoutcomes,thesignificanceofunitoutputsisdifficulttojudge.

1. Toavoidjustdoingmoreofthesame,arealisticvisionneedstobedevelopedforhowtheunitcouldencouragenegotiatedconflictresolution.Ifdevelopedaroundalocalhotspotexample,itmightpersuadetheSMPplanningteamtoadoptitasaworkablestrategytobetested.

Milestones

• Developmentofahotspotcasestudyandconflictresolutionscenario(May/June2015)• Presentationoftheaboveattheplanningworkshop(July2015)

Eco-TourismUnitandLivelihoodImprovementUnitUnitcontributionsarerelevanttoitems20-23,27,29,and34intable2.Bothunitscontributetoincomegenerationandcouldbecombinedundertheheadingof“livelihoodimprovement”.ApprovedlivelihoodactivitiesthatinvolvetheuseofHNNlandoradjacentcorridorforestmustbemappedandconsideredinthezonationprocess(March2015).Thisincludestourism,communityforestry,organizedNTFPexploitation,forestrestorationandprotectionundercontract,andconcessionsforextractiveuseofanykind.

Themagnitudeofbenefits,thenumberofhouseholdsbenefitting,andthedistributionofbenefitisimportantinformation.ApresentationthatpullsallofittogetheronthebackgroundofamapwouldbeappreciatednotonlybytheSMPplanningteam.

Milestones

• Mapoutlinesofuseareas,areasize,geographicposition,descriptionofuse,approvalreference(March2015)• Compilationandanalysisofbenefits(June2015)• Presentationonincomegenerationandbenefitsharingdeliveredattheplanningworkshop(July2015)

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MajorissuesTheToRnotemajorissuesthatdeserveparticularattention.ForeachissuewesuggeststrategicconsiderationsfortheSMP.

ZonationandzoningrelatedactivitiesZoningisadecisiveelementinprotectedareamanagement.ThedecisionwheretoplacetheTotalProtectionZoneisperhapsthemoststrategicdecisionofall.Zonationqualityandvaliditydependontheevendistribution,thecompleteness,andtherelevanceofdataonconservationvalues.HNNhasmadegoodprogressimplementingasystematiczoningprocessdescribedinapreviousreport(Berkmüller,2013).Annex2containsadditionalclarificationoftheprocess.

AprovisionalTPZisthemajorintermediateoutputofthezoningprocess.Itisfollowedbyaspatialthreatanalysiswhich–superimposedontheprovisionalTPZ–revealsthelocationsthataresubjecttolanduseconflict.ThesethreeoutputsmaybeconsideredapreliminaryconclusionofthezoningprocessthatmustbeavailableattheScopingWorkshop.MilestonesandremainingtowardsaprovisionalTPZarelistedintable4.

Thezoningprocessisnotcompleteuntilagreementhasbeenreachedonresolvinglanduseconflict.Anagreed,finalTPZcouldbeavisionandverifiable5-yearobjectivefortherevisedSMP.Relevantapproachesareoutlinedinthesectionsonmonitoring,lawenforcement,andoutreachfurtherbelow.

Table4Statusofmilestoneoutputsofthezoningprocess

Boundarydocumentation • Establishboundarysectionforvillageresponsibility,entrypoints,delineationanddescriptionbyvillageleaders.

Trailmap • Completetrailmapping,thenmarkinaccessibleareasonthemap.

Spatialunitsforanalysisandmonitoring • Drawprovisionalpatrollingsectorsarounddistincttrailagglomerations.

Patrollingsectorsanalysisforadequacyofpatrolcoverage

• Settargetsforachievingacceptablecoverage(number,distribution,qualityofclusterreports).

Gridsquareanalysisforhabitatconservationvalue

• Applyinclusioncriteriaandmarkmap.

Gridsquaresanalysisforindicatorspeciespresence

• Completed;

PROVISIONALTPZ • OutlineatentativeTPZ.

Gridsquareanalysisforthreatpresenceandvillageclaims

• IdentifyoverlapofthreatlocationsandvillageclaimswithprovisionalTPZandmap“hotspots”forlanduseconflictresolution.

Tourismzoneplanning • IdentifyoverlapofthedefactotourismzonewiththeprovisionalTPZ.

Eco-tourismUnitcontributionstothezoningprocessAreasalreadycommittedtotourismusemustbetreatedlikeothervillageclaims.WheretourismuseoverlapswithprovisionalTPZitshouldprobablyconsideredasasub-zoneoftheCUZ.Itwillbeinthevillageinteresttoimposeandenforcethenecessarysafeguards.Asacontributiontothezoningprocess,theUnitshouldprovideamapshowing

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(a)routesandlocationsthatarealreadyadvertisedandusedbytouristsand–ifapplicable–(b)additionalareasunderconsiderationfortourismuse.

Monitoringprotocol

ThestrategicroleofmonitoringintheSMPThepurposeofmonitoringatHNNisa)toestablishsuccessorfailurebymanagementtoprotectconservationvaluesandb)todetecttrendsintherelativeabundanceofmonitoredspeciesorintheintensityofthreats.Weexpectthatmonitoringobservationswillyieldcluesaboutthecontinuedpresenceofknownpopulationsand–ideally–observationfrequencydatathatreflectpopulationtrendsoverandaboveanyunavoidablevariationsassociatedwithdatacollection.Theaimisnottomakepopulationestimatesbuttodetectstatisticallysignificantchangesandtrendsinrelativeabundance.Combinedwithadocumentedincrease/decreaseinthreatobservationsthisistheultimateindicatorofmanagementeffectiveness.

Therearetwomaindatasources,daily(sector)reports8byvillagevolunteerscontaininginformationaboutneworcontinuedpresenceofspeciesandthreats,andthereportsfromscientific(controlled)monitoringthatyieldreliableobservationfrequencydata9.

Tocomplementfieldmonitoringobservations,objectiveandcomprehensiveindicatorsofvegetationconditionareavailableontheinternet,notablyhighresolutionsatelliteimagery,web-firedata,andhistoricalforestlossdata.TheycanbeprovidedbytheData-baseUnituponrequest.

Thereareothermethodstoassesswhethermanagementisontherighttrack.ThemostfrequentlyappliedistheTrackingTool.Itconsistsofaseriesofquestionswithmultiplechoiceanswersthatreflectthelevelofachievement.Administeredtostafffamiliarwithmanagementimplementationatasite,their“expertopinion”canidentifyweakandstrongmanagementaspects.ApplyingtheTTeverysecondyearduringtheannualreviewsrequiresminimalresources.

Itisusefulformanagementtobeawareofpeople’sperceptionsofpositiveandnegativeeffectsbytheprotectedareaontheirlivelihood.Benefits,benefitsharing,andbeneficiariesindicategovernmentcommitmenttoco-managementandarehighlyrelevanttostakeholderperceptionsaboutit.ThiscouldbethesubjectofasocialsciencestudyorsupportedbyalongtermNGOcommitment.Thesearchforpotentiallyinterestedpartiesshouldstartimmediately.Onlyifaconvincingopportunityturnsup,canthisbeconsideredbytheSMPplanningteam.

PlanningconsiderationsAllmonitoringissubjecttoobserverbiasandothersourcesoferror.Wecannotexpectvillagevolunteerstoproduceimpeccablereports,buttheymakeupforalackofprecisionandneatnessbyreachingallaccessiblelocationsofHNNandbyproducingmanymorereportsthanasmallteamofofficials.

Incontrast,thescientificmonitoringteamsareexpectedtogeneratestatisticallyvaliddata.Theyneedtocontroltheconditionsunderwhichobservationsaremade.Ateachsite,thescientificmonitoringteamsneedtotestthereplicabilityoftheirobservationsinordertodeterminedatavariabilitydespitecontrolefforts.Thiscalibrationwillalsoestablishabaselineaverageforassessingtrends.Externalassistanceisrecommendedforadvisingonacalibrationdesignandsamplingfrequencytoensurethestatisticalvalidityofthemonitoringdata.

Monitoringsiteselectionshouldbebasedonthelatestupdateofindicatorspeciesandthreatdistribution.Sitesshouldbeconsiderediftheyappeartobeastronghold(manyrepeatrecords)ofoneormoreindicatorspeciesgroups.Themonitoringmethodmustbeadaptedtothetargetspeciesorspeciesgroup.

Monitoredsitesshouldincludethosethatareunderpressureandthosethatarenot.Thesitesshouldrepresentthemainhabitattypes(wetlands,lowlandevergreen,uplandevergreenforest)andknowntosupportsizeablepopulationsofindicatorspecies.

8Thesereportscurrentlycoverthetrailswalkedduringoneday.Oncepatrollingsectorshavebeenestablisheditisrecommendedthatthereportsshouldbesectorbased.9Theoretically,observationfrequencycanalsobecalculatedforthedailyreports,butissubjecttomanyuncertainties.

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SMPdirectivesshouldensurecontinuityofmonitoring,appropriatetargetingofmonitoringeffort,anduseoftheresultsinplanning.MonitoringprotocolsshouldbeappliedwithinaframeworkprescribedbytheSMP.Afterobtainingprofessionaladviceonamethodtestingdesign,themonitoringprotocolbyVonhkhamheng(2014)shouldbeappliedinthepreviouslymonitoredsites.Ifresourcesareavailable,additionalsitesshouldbechosentorepresenttheimportanthabitattypesofHNN.

ReportingQuarterlyreviewsofbothtypesofmonitoringdataareanessentialfeatureofthemanagementcycle.Thereviewsofvillagevolunteerreportsshoulddocumentthefollowingdisaggregatedforeachclusterandthecombinedtotal.

• Monitoringeffort:nr.oftrips,cumulativenr.ofnightsandperson-days• Output:nr.ofdailyreports• Spatialdistribution:locationnameand/orsectornr.,routewalkedhighlightedonmap

• Speciespresence(enternr.ofreportsaffirmingpresence):indicator-specieslist,openslotsforpossibleotherkey-species,hunted-specieslist

• Newindicatorspeciesrecords/absenceofrecord:significanceassessment• Pressureintensityanddistributionbymainthreatcategory:nr.ofobservations,cluesthatindicatewhether

threatisreduced,unchanged,orexpanding

DailyreportsbyvillagevolunteersareavailableforfiveconsecutivequartersstartinginSeptember2013.TheSMARTcomputersystemisabletoturnoutquarterlysummariesofspeciesandthreatobservations,andthemapstogowiththem.PossiblyduetoformattinglimitationsoftheSMARTprogram,thereportsaredifficulttounderstandandshouldbeadjustedtotheaboveformat.

Thedatareportingsheetintheproposedscientificmonitoringapproachrequiresaquarterpageforeachfieldobservation.Analternativewayusingonelineperobservationisinannex4.

LinkingconservationobjectivesandincentivesPersonalexperienceintwosouthernLaoNPAshasshownthatco-managementarrangementsworkbestifbasedondealswhereavillagegetsassistanceforarealisticandproductivedevelopmentprojectofitschoiceinreturnforgivingupextractiveuseinapartofthereservewithaparticularlyhighconservationvalue.Suchopportunitiesdonotexisteverywherebutthe“hotspots”identifiedinthezoningprocesstelluswheretolook.Dialogueaboutthehotspotsispossiblebecausetheyareonfamiliarterritoryandthediscussionisaboutsubjectsthatareoflocalinterest.Thehowofenteringintoadialogueiscrucial.Anabstractdiscussionofthreatsaffectingconservationvalueswouldturnpeopleoff.Thepromiseofmaterialincentivesisalsonotappropriateatthisstage.Demonstratingthewillingnesstohelpbycontributingafewsacksofricehelpstoestablishone’scredibility.Invillageswithconservationvolunteers,officialsneedtoconfirmtheirappreciationoftheworktheydoforthereserve,ideallycombinedwithanoffertostockupthevillageconservationfundbyacertainamountforeachdailyreportthevolunteersbringbackfromthefield.ItisafterhavingestablishedapositiverelationshipwiththelocalcommunitiesthatmanagementcanembarkonPartnershipstrategy.

PartnershipstrategyatvillageandvillageclusterlevelTheverifiableoutcomeobjectiveofco-managementshouldbetheeliminationoflanduseconflictinhotspotsites,agreementonthelocationandprotectionoftheTPZ,andvillageparticipationinboundarycontrolandpatrolling.Thesolutionswillbesituationdependentandmostlikelyproceedintheaccustomedwaythroughmeetingsbetweenagencyrepresentativesandlocalleaders.Toupholdtheparticipatorynatureofmanagement,theSMPPartnershipstrategyshouldprescribethestructureandprocessoftherespectivemeetings,suchastherequiredparticipationbyvillageconservationcommitteemembers.

IncentivesanddisincentiveswillplayaroleintheprocessandthePartnershipstrategyshouldthereforespellout….

1. Therulesthatarebindingbylawforeveryonethroughoutthereserve2. TheconditionsandpurposesunderwhichentryandtemporarystayintheTPZcanbeallowed3. Thelegaloptionsforaccordinguserightsandprivilegesinsidethereservetoguardianvillages4. TheauthorityofguardianvillagesonofficialpatrolintheTPZ5. TheauthorityofguardianvillagestoregulatelanduseinsidetheirportionoftheCUZ

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6. Entitlementtomaterialbenefitsforservicesrendered(i.e.Protectioncontracts,dailyreports,forestrestoration)

7. Entitlementtobenefitsharesfromlawenforcementfines,tourismrevenueetc.8. Fundingforandaccessingofavillageconservationanddevelopmentfund9. Theorganizationofco-managementactivitiesandincentivesdelivery10. Themonitoringofcompliancewithprotectedarearulesandtheprosecutionofviolations

TourismatHNNDuetoaccessconstraintsandexistingactivityopportunities,tourismisrestrictedtoperipheralareasinthenorthwestofthereserve;theslopesofPhuChueangandtheBangFairiverundergroundpassageandsurroundings.TourismatHNNisunlikelytoeverreceivethenumberofvisitorstoneighbouringPNKB.Nevertheless,itseemssignificantenoughtowarrantastrategicoutlookintherevisedco-managementplan.

TheEco-tourismUnithasacquiredsufficientexperienceandexpertisetoprovidetheManagementPlanningTeamwiththeinformationnecessarytoassessitspresentandfutureimportanceoftourisminHNNreservemanagementandfinance.

Inordertoprotectsensitivecaveenvironments,therevisedmanagementplanshouldplaceclearrestrictionsontourismaccesstocaves,suchas:

• Nocaveshallbeopenedtopublicuseunlessithasbeenprofessionallysurveyedandclearedforsuchuseinwritingbythe…….Thisrulealsoappliestounexploredbranchesofknowncaves.

• Cavesorcavebranchesshallnotbeopentothepubliciftheyharborbatorswiftcoloniesorothercavedwellersthataresensitivetodisturbance.

Institutionalsetup

Theobservationsbelowdrawattentiontoopportunitiesandchallengesposedbythepresentorganizationalstructureandunittasks.

1.TheData-baseandMappingUnitprovidesaservicetootherunitsbyactingasadatarepository.Responsibilityforthedataremainswiththerespectiveunit.ReferencetospecificdatasetsshouldthereforeberemovedfromtheUnit’sDraftToRandaddedelsewhere.

2.AreaManagementhasthreetermswithoutreachconnotations;“institutionalset-up”,“coordinationwithlineagencies”and“conservationagreements”.Itlacksreferencetoresearch,monitoring,andlawenforcement.

3.ThePatrollingUnitistheparticipatorybranchofareamanagement.Thedataitgeneratesareindispensableforareamanagement,buttheyareprocuredbyoutreachmeans.Villagebasedconservationmanagementinvolvesmuchmorethanpatrolling.ConsiderrenamingtheUnitandaddingtasksmoreinlinewithapartnershipstrategy.

4.ThetermsoftheAwarenessUnitarebiasedtowardsthedisseminationofthelaw.Thereisnoindicationthatthishasbeendoneeffectivelyandstrategically.TheUnitcouldbestrengthenedbyexpandingitsscopetothatofanOutreachUnitwithactivitiesunder2.5.oftheworkplan.TheUnitcouldconceivablypioneerinnovativelanduseconflictresolutionatsometimeduringtheSMPperiod.AnoutlinestrategyforareconstitutedUnitwouldbeausefuldocumentfortheSMPplanningteamtohave.

SuggestedsummaryoftourismatHNN

• Nr.ofvisitors(foreign/domestic)andprojections,averagedurationofstay/overnights,activity

• Benefitsandtheirdistribution• Tourismproducts,Participatinghouseholds,

marketdemand,scopeforexpansiontoadditionalhouseholds

• Relativeimportanceoftourismincomefortheparticipatinghouseholds

Place holder for contribution by Chris Hallam

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5.Therelativeimportanceofeco-tourismandlivelihoodimprovementinprojectdesignmayhavebeenthereasonforgivingunitstatustoeach.Organizationally,bothareincomegeneratingactivities.Forstrategicplanningoflivelihoodsupportmeasuresitisnecessarytoknowthemagnitudeandnatureofbenefitsofeach,thedistributionofbenefits,thescopeforexpansion,potentialimpactsandlast,butnotleast,leverageforcomplianceinhotspotconflictresolution.

6.ThepresentorganizationdoesnotincludetheusualAdministration&FinanceUnitandotheressentialservices.Theseareprobablyprovidedbytheprojectofficeand/orDONRE.Itwouldbeusefultonotetheneedfora“supportoffice”.Atdistrictlevel,HNNreliesonsome20staffwithanagricultureandforestrybackgroundbutlittleonthejobexperience.Muchofthefieldworkiscarriedoutbysome80villagevolunteers.Inasituationwherefewinexperienced“generalist”staffimplementamanagementplan,itisimportantnottooverwhelmthemwithagreatnumberofactivitiesorcomplexactivities.Thisshouldalsobereflectedinasimplemanagementorganizationwithfewfunctionalunits.TheworkoftheseUnitsandtheirsectionsshouldyieldusefuloutputsandfocusonconcreteproblemsolvinginsteadofgenericactivities,suchas,pressurereduction.

Consideringtheabove,wesuggestarevisionofunittasksasshowninfig.3.ItisassumedthatessentialserviceswillbeprovidedbyaSupportOffice.

TheDatabaseUnitismainlyconcernedwith“InformationManagement”andmightberenamedaccordingly.Itspublicityfunctionseemslessessentialbutisretained.

ThetasksoftheAreaManagementUnithavebeenseparatedintothecategories“conservationmanagement”and“lawenforcement”.Thetask“advisevillagersonconservationagreements”seemsmoreappropriatelyplacedelsewhere.ThekeystrategyoftheUnitistoidentifyconservationvalues,produceaprovisionalzonationplan,conductathreatanalysisandpinpointhotspotlocationswherehighconservationvaluesoverlapwiththreats.Thisspatialprioritysettingencouragesresultorientedmanagement.Thesecondstrategyistoassessresourceconditionandtrendsbasedoncontrolledmonitoringanddatafromvillagepatrolling.Regardinglawenforcement,thepreferredapproachistolaunchfewwelltargetedswoopsagainstoperationsbyoutsidersleadingtoarrests,confiscationsofcontrabandandvehiclesandresultinginsubstantialrewardpaymentstothevillagevolunteers.

ThePatrollingUnitisfocusedonfieldworkbyvillagevolunteers.WesuggesttonameitOutreachUnitandassigntwotaskcategories;“conservationsupport”and“negotiatedlanduseagreementsandlocallawenforcement”.TheconservationsupportwillbeorganizedandimplementedthroughtheCMC.Unitstaffwillpreparestandardproceduresforstartupandimplementationsupportandmonitoring.Problemsolvingthroughconflictresolutioninspecificlocationsisthekey-strategy.Itisidealforpoolingparkresourcesandintegratingincomegeneration,incentivesandcompensationpayments,awareness,andvillagepatrols.Theexistingco-managementsetupinvillagesandvillageclusterscanbecomeanexemplarymodelifconsistentlyappliedoverthenextfiveyearsandadjustedwhennecessary.The“negotiatedlanduse”taskcategoryprovidestheinstitutionalnichefortheinitiative.Itpicksupthe“provisionalTPZ”definedbytheAreaManagementUnitandthroughlocalrecognitionandendorsementconvertsitto“acceptedTPZ”thatcanbesubmittedforformalapproval.AneutralfacilitatorprovidedbyanappropriatesocialenterpriseNGOneedstosupportlegitimatevillageinterestandwheretheseclashwithconservationinterests,promotecompromisesolutions.Patrolsbyvillagevolunteersarealreadybecomingawellestablishedoutreachcomponentandanindispensablepartoftheoverallmonitoringeffort.ResearchandsurveyfallunderconservationmanagementintheAreaManagementUnit.

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Figure3SuggestedthematicandorganizationalstructureofHNNManagementatBoualaphadistrict

SUPPORTOFFICE INFORMATION

MGMT.UNIT AREAMANAGEMENTUNIT OUTREACHUNIT LIVELIHOODSUNIT

UnitTasks

• Administration&finance• Procurement&maintenanceofvehicles,equipment• Constructiontenders• Staffrecruitment• Traininglogistics

Informationrepository:• smartdatabase• GIS,maps

• DocumentationPromotionandpublicity:• Maintainweb-site• Arrangemediacoverage• Disseminatecampaignmaterials

Conservationmanagement:• Research• Survey&inventory• Boundaryissues,signage• Trailmapping&patrollingsectors• Thematicmaps• Provisionalzoning• Threatanalysis• Zoneagreementsandrules(alsounderoutreach)• Controlledmonitoring

Lawenforcement:• Jointpatrols• Targetedrangerpatrols• Mobilelawenforcement• Jointborderpatrols• roadcheckpoints• off-sitecampaigns

Conservationsupport:• boundaryinspection• TPZprotection• CUZuseregulation• forestrestoration• corridorandcommunityforest• monitoringpatrols

Negotiatedlanduseagreementsandlocallawenforcement:• zoningdiscussions• conflictresolutionathotspotlocations• hotspotfocusededucationandawareness• CMCendorsedentryanduseregulationsfortheCUZ

Newandongoinginitiativesexpansionto…majorsupportingactionbenefittarget:• eco-tourism• NTFPexploitation• communityforest• villagedevelopment• householdincomeoptions

Deliveryandmonitoringofpaymentforservicesandotherincentives:• villageconservationfund• Villagevolunteerstipends• protectioncontracts

DONRENaturalResourcesandWaterUnit

PlanningandsupervisionLateralandverticalinter-agencycontactsandcoordinationProvisionofsupportofficeservices

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Sustainablefinancingstrategy

TheroadmapTheimplementationscheduleintable5coversthetimeperiodNovember2014throughSeptember2015.TheMilestonesrefertosignificanteventsin,orcontributionstotheSMPplanningprocess.Severalgroupsareinvolved;theSMPPlanningTeam,theManagementUnitstaff,Advisersandselectedprojectofficestaff,andCo-ManagementCommittees.

TheSMPPlanningTeamshouldbesmall,sayuptosixmembersandincludethedirectorsofprotectedareamattersatPONREandDONRE.ThenatureofMONREparticipation(ifany)needstobeclarified.ThePlanningTeamtasksarelistedintable1anddetailedintheBPAMP(2005)co-managementplanningmanual.

TheHNNManagementTeam(includingadvisorsandprojectofficestaff)needstoassistwiththerecruitmentofanSMPworkshopfacilitatorandplanwriterandasocialsciencespecialisttoevaluatestakeholderperceptions.Therecruitmentofneutralfacilitatorsoflandusenegotiationsandactionresearchonchangesinstakeholderattitudes,orresourcesurveyspecialistsisnotrequiredduringtheroadmapperiod.However,outlineToRwouldsupporttheirinclusionintheSMP.

Advisersshouldassistwithstrategydevelopmentandhelptheunitheadswiththepreparationofpresentationsattheplanningworkshop.

TheManagementUnitswillcontributethefollowingitems:

• Alistingofinformation“owned”bytheUnit,thematicmapsrelatedtotheirwork,aselectionofdatathatbestreflectunitpurposeandachievement,thecentraldatainperiodicreporting.• AnextractionofUnittasksfromtheworkplanandacandidappraisaloftheprospectsforfinishingthem.• IntermediateoutputsthatareessentialorusefulfortheSMPplanningprocess.• AchievementsummariesandvisionsforunitdevelopmentforpresentationatthePlanningWorkshop.Guidedbytheprescribedmanagementprograms,visionsandobjectives,theUnitstaffwilldraftindividualUnitcontributionsandassemblethemtoconstitutetheOperationsPlan2016-2020.• Thefirsttestrunofanannualreviewshouldbeconductedandimmediatelyfollowedbyannualworkplanningfor2015/2016.

TheCo-ManagementCommitteesarethefirsttoturntoduringstakeholderconsultations.Themostimportantstakeholderstoreacharethosewhostandtolosethemostinatighteningofrulesandregulations.Fortheconsultationstoyieldmeaningfulinformation,thespecialistrecruitmentneedstodeviseanappropriateapproachduringapre-consultationsvisit.

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Table5MilestoneeventsandinputstotheSMPpreparationprocess

November-December2014 January–March2015 April–June2015 July–September2015

CorePlanningTeam

• Coreteamformation,agreementon

process

• Orientationworkshop,delegationofresponsibilityforinformationgathering

• Reviewofpotentiallyusefulbackgroundmaterials

• Reviewofprovisionalzoningresults• Scopingworkshop• Stakeholderconsultationbriefing

• Planningworkshop• SMPdraft

• Financialplandraft

HNNManagementTeam

andsupportofficestaff

DecisiononpursuitofWHaccession10 Recruitmentof:

• planningworkshopfacilitator&planwriter• stakeholderconsultationsspecialist

• Verificationofstatisticalvalidityofthemonitoringplan

• Inputstostrategydevelopment

• Annualreviewprototype

• Accountantassistancetocoreteamleader

Planningsupportbym

anagementunits

Database

• Information“owned”bytheunit,thematic

maps,coredataforreportingandevaluation

• Taskcompletionassessment

• FullyfunctionalSMARTsystem,thematicmaps,

analyticalreportprint-outs

• Updatedreportsandmapprint-outs

• UnitpresentationsatthePlanningWorkshop

• OperationsPlan(2016-2020)• Annualreview• AnnualWorkplan2015/2016

Areamanagement • Boundarydocumentationanddescription

• Trailmapping

• Provisionalzonation• Conservationvalues&threatanalysis• Hotspotdescriptions• Resultsofscientificmonitoring

Patrolling • Sectorsub-divisionsandallocation• Mappedandanalyticalresults

• Cumulativecoverageandobservations

analysis

• Summaryandanalysisofdocumentedlaw

enforcementaction

Awareness • Message,location,duration,numberofpeople

reached

• Message,location,duration,numberof

peoplereached

Eco-tourism • Datasummary(households/villages,benefitsand

investments)andmap(trailsusedbytourists)

• Marketandaccessanalysisresultsand

scopeforexpansion

Livelihood • Datasummariesandmaps(nr.ofhouseholds,

location,area,unitcost,fundingsource)

-forestprotectioncontracts,communityforest

support,forestrestoration

• Datasummariesofhome-basedincome

generation

- NTFP,Fishraising,other

• Assessmentofbenefits(magnitude,reach,

povertyalleviation,localperception)

• Opportunitiesforexpansion

Co-Management

Committees

• Stakeholderconsultations• Impacted-groupinquiries

considerobserverroleattheannualwork

planning

10Assumedtobenegative,eliminatingtheneedforrecruitingsurveyspecialistsduringtheroadmapperiod.

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