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7/31/2019 Devan sunum

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DEVAN CHEMICALS

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Devan Chemicals NV 2008 - Rev: 07/01/09


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Thermoregulation in Textiles

Devan Chemicals

Phase Change

Thermoregulation / Comfort

Micro EncapsulationTHERMIC PCM Technology

Applications

Processing & Quality Control

Marketing Support

Conclusions


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The Devan Group

PROTECTING and MODIFYING

TEXTILE SURFACES

creating new and innovative properties and functionality

taking into consideration

SUSTAINABILITY


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Devan Chemicals

Phase Change

Thermoregulation & Comfort


Applications


Marketing Support

Conclusions


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Phase Change

Phases of a product:Solid

Liquid

Gas

Example Water:

Ice

Water

Steam


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Phase Change

The point at which a substance changes state Occurs at a constant temperature

There is an exchange of energy:

Ice Water: Melting Energy absorbedOccurs at constant temp of 0C

Water Ice: Solidifying Energy released

Occurs at constant temp of 0C


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Mechanism of Phase Change

Solid PCM Liquid PCM

Energy release

Change of phase at constant temperature

Energy absorption

Heating effect

Cooling effect

Absorb Energy from Solid to Liquid melting (Cooling Effect)Release Energy from Liquid to Solid solidification (Heating Effect)


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Phase Change: Energy Buffer

Energy Added (J)

Temperature

Solid

Liquid

Gas

Solidifying

Melting

Condensation

Evaporation

Phase Change

Energy absorption or release withouttemperature change


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Energy Buffer

Water in liquid phase above 0C and below 100C

Each 1C rise in temperature requires an energy input of 4 J/g

Water at a phase change temperature

Ice Water: requires heat input of 334 J/g at 0C (32F)Water Ice: releases heat 334 J/g at 0C (32F)

More than 80 times more energy is needed to change phase than for raising thetemperature by 1C outside the phase change

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Devan Chemicals

Phase Change



Applications


Marketing Support

Conclusions


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Body & Skin Temperature

Average core body temperature: 37C (98.6F)+2C (+4F): fever-2C (-4F): hypothermia

Average skin temperature: 32C ( 90F)


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Comfort ZoneComfort Zone: Microclimate between the skin and the fabric that is

perceived as most comfortable

28-30C (82F 86F) (R.A. Scott, Textiles for protection, 2005)

Time

Temperature

Comfort Zone

Microclimate

30 C 86F

28 C 82F


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Warming up...

Heat produced by body > Heat absorbed by garmentTemperature microclimate increases

Time

Temperature

30 C 86F

28 C 82F

Comfort Zone

Microclimate


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Extending Time Comfort Zone

Extend time in the comfort zone (28 - 30C)

Need of a system that releases or absorbs heat at a constant temperature of 28C

Phase Change MaterialsHave the capacity to absorb, store and emit heat energy without altering the temperature

Phase change needs to happens in comfort zone (28 30C)

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Phase Change Materials

Vegetable oils (wider phase change temperature)

Perfect for textile applications next to the skin

PCM Melting point (C) Thermal storage capacity(J/g)

Hexadecane 18.5 237

Octadecane 28.2 244

Vegetable oil 30 230Nonadecane 32.1 222

Eicosane 36.1 247

Heneicosane 40.5 213

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Phase Change Materials

Vegetable Oil vs Octadecane

Environmentally friendly (biodegradable)Renewable sustainable alternative to petroleum

Provides an assurance of continuous supplyHigher thermal effectVegetable oil PCMs, don't fluctuate as often as petroleum -basedPCMs

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Active Thermal Insulation

Standard garment thermal insulation - PassivePCM thermal regulation - Active

Temperature variation in microclimate is determined by:

Body HeatChange in environment

The presence of PCM will buffer such fluctuationsin temperature

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Warming upHeat produced by body > Heat absorbed by garment

PCM absorbs the excess heat by meltingPCM extends time in comfort zone

Time

Temperature

Comfort Zone

Microclimate with PCMMicroclimate without PCM

Energy Buffer

30 C 86F

28 C 82F

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DEVAN CHEMICALS 21

Cooling downHeat retained by garment < Heat lost by body

PCM releases heat while staying at a constant temperature during phasechange from liquid to solidExtends time in comfort zone

Time

Temperature

Comfort Zone

Energy Buffer


30 C 86F

28 C 82F

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Energy Buffer

The bigger the Energy Buffer:

The longer in the comfort zoneThe higher the thermoregulation effect

Energy buffer is dependent on:

Quantity of PCM materialType of PCM material

Energy buffer is being quantified by J/g

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Dynamic ConditionsBody movements increase temperature (working, jogging, cycling, etc);

body temperature falls during restChange in environment temperature (moving from outside to in side and

vice versa)

Time

Temperature

Comfort Zone


30 C 86F

28 C 82F

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DEVAN CHEMICALS 24

Thermoregulation & Perspiration

If body temperature exceeds 37.5C (98.6F) the body needs to cooldownBlood vessels under the skin dilateBody produces perspiration

Cooling through evaporation

PCM absorbs the heat from the bodyMicroclimate stays in the comfort zone for longer periods of timeDelays the onset of temperature rise to 37.5C (98.6F)

Less cooling needed for the body

Less perspirationCool sensation

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DEVAN CHEMICALS 25

Thermoregulation & Sleeping

Our temperature in bed determines how well we sleep.

Uncomfortable temperatures induces movement

Interrupted sleep patterns

Discomfort

Tiredness

Insomnia

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Conclusions Thermoregulation & Comfort

PCM results in thermoregulationAbsorbs HeatStores HeatReleases Heat

Thermoregulation is quantified in J/g

PCM keeps the microclimate temperature close to the body longer in thecomfort zone

PCM eliminates temp peaks next to the body

Thermoregulation in textilesEnhances thermal comfortReduces transpirationEnhances quality of sleep

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DEVAN CHEMICALS 27


Devan Chemicals

Phase Change


Micro Encapsulation

THERMIC PCM Technology

Applications


Marketing Support

Conclusions

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DEVAN CHEMICALS 28

PCM technologies

For application on textiles the PCM needs to be contained in a capsule

The PCM capsule can be applied to the fibre in three ways: PCM microcapsules melt spun inside the fibre PCM microcapsules bound to the fibre with a binder

PCM reactive microcapsules THERMIC

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DEVAN CHEMICALS 29

Size: 1-30m

Type of Capsule:Capsules break to release their contents (fragrances)Capsules do not break and keep their content (PCM)

What is Micro Encapsulation?

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AdvantageHigh wash durability

DisadvantageOnly applicable in man-made fibre (mainly viscose & acrylic)

Need to blend with other fibresLower performanceExpensive

PCM extruded in fibre

Source: Outlast

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AdvantageEasy application

Disadvantages

Reduces breathabilityAffects the handLow durability to washingThe binder increases microclimate temperature

PCM included in coatings and binders

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Devan Chemicals

Phase Change


Micro Encapsulation


Applications


Marketing Support

Conclusions

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DEVAN CHEMICALS 33

THERMIC

Microcapsules with functional reactive groups on the shell surface

Patent number: PCT/IB2006/050605

Without the use of binders the capsules can react with:

Cellulosic (Cotton, Viscosz,)Synthetic (PES, PA,)Protein (Wool)

Application can be through conventional textile processing

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DEVAN CHEMICALS 34

Wash durability 50 washes

Use on both synthetic and natural fibres

Greater heat capacity for the same loading of PCM

No binder to absorb heat

Fabric characteristics are maintained

Handle unaffected

Breathability unaffected

Not visible to the naked eyeEasy application

THERMICAdvantages

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DEVAN CHEMICALS 35

THERMIC

Two size options available:

Diameter: 1- 5

Thermal capacity: 144 J/g

Up to 50 Washes

Diameter: 20- 30

Thermal capacity: 191 J/g

Up to 10 Washes

THERMIC G THERMIC P

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THERMIC Binding System Cellulose

Covalent boundAddition or nucleophilic substition promoted solely by the pH of thesolution normally alkaline, or resorting to initiatiors in case of an additionradical reactionJust as with reactive dyes, THERMIC has reactive groups that can reactwith the anion groups of ionized cellulose

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R

R

R

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Unwashed 50 washes 40C

Wash Durability on Cotton

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis

Covalent reaction system

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THERMIC Binding System PES

Less reactive groups available (only the terminal ones)

Linkage between the reactive microcapsules and the fiber occurs mainlyby a strong physical adsorption/absorption phenomena

Physical Van der Walls interactions takes place between the polyesterand the electronegative atoms.

The catalyst helps the kinetic behavior of the interactions between thereactive microcapsules and the PES fibres, in function of the pHpresented in the medium.

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Wash Durability PES

Unwashed 50 washes, 40C

Strong physical forces

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Analysis


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Thermographic testSamples on a hot plate (40C).

THERMICUntreated

TMTM


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Thermographic testSamples on a cool plate (10C).

THERMIC Untreated


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Thermographic testT-Shirt

THERMIC Untreated

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Devan Chemicals

Phase Change


Micro Encapsulation


Applications


Marketing Support

Conclusions

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Applications


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DEVAN CHEMICALS46

ApplicationsBedding

Mattress InterlinesMattress TickingMattress ProtectorsQuilts & Duvets

ApparelUnderwearHosierySocksSportswearShirtsLiningsWork wearFleeceJacketsHatsGloves

FootwearShoesBoots

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DEVAN CHEMICALS47


Devan Chemicals

Phase Change


Micro Encapsulation


Applications


Marketing Support

Conclusions

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ProcessingTM


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DEVAN CHEMICALS48

Classic application processesPadding, Drying 140 C (284 F) 30secExhaustionSpraying

Package of productsMicrocapsules (P & G)CatalystSoftenerChoice of Reactive System

Cellulosic (Cotton, viscose,...)Synthetic (Polyester, polyamide,...)Protein (wool)

Processing

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METTLER TOLEDO DSC822eNitrogen flow: 80mL/min

DSC Test Conditions:

Temperature range: 0 50CHeating rate: 5C / min

Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC)

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Thermoanalytical equipment that measures the thermaltransitions that might occur in a material when it is subjected toa heating or cooling process, at a constant, pre-determinated,velocity.

When the PCMs are subjected to a heating process theamount of energy breaks existing chemical links betweenmolecules and its phase change temperature is achieved.

This amount of energy absorbed (or released) is measured interms of its enthalpy value (J/g) in the peak of the obtainedthermogram given by the DSC.

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Thermal capacity of fabrics Integral of curve shows J/g of treated fabric which translates to

thermal effect

The larger thevalue, thegreater the effect

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Positioning of capsules on surface of fibreLinkage microcapsules-fibers

Capsule morphology size and shape

Mechanical strength intact capsules, none ruptured

Demonstrates durability to washing

Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)

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DEVAN CHEMICALS53

Required Performance for Thermic Labelling

Apparel : heat capacity of min . 3J/gr

Bedding linen : heat capacity of min . 2J/gr

Mattress ticking : heat capacity of min . 15 J/gr

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Devan Chemicals

Phase Change


Micro Encapsulation


Applications


Marketing Support

Conclusions

TM


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Marketing Support

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Devan Chemicals

Phase Change


Micro Encapsulation


Applications


Marketing Support

Conclusions

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DEVAN CHEMICALS 57

Conclusions

PCM have the capacity to absorb, store and release heat energy

PCM controls the microclimate temperature keeping the body in the comfort zone for longer

Thermoregulation in textiles:

Enhances thermal comfort

Reduces perspiration

Enhance quality of sleep

THERMIC Reactive PCM Micro Capsules

No affect on fabric properties

Have a high wash durability

Greater thermal capacityMarketing support

Technical support

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