detection and study of supernovae with the 4m international liquid mirror telescope brajesh kumar...
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Detection and study of supernovae with the 4m International Liquid Mirror Telescope
BRAJESH KUMAR
University of Liège, Belgium
ARIES, Nainital, India
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OUTLINE:
HISTORYBASIC CONCEPTS OF LMTsILMT Introduction Science with ILMTSUPERNOVAE STUDY WITH
ILMTCONCLUSIONS
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History of Liquid MirrorsFirst concept - Ernesto Capocci - 1850
First working laboratory LMT- 0.35 m Henry Skey- 1872 Dunedin Observatory, New
Zealand
Robert Wood – 1909 John Hopkins University
Ermanno Borra & Paul Hickson- 1982 Laval University, Canada University of British Columbia,
Canada
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y
x
xAc
g g g g g g
Ac Ac Ac Ac Ac
AA A A A A
Basic concepts of Liquid Mirrors:
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Basic Concepts of Liquid Mirrors: Parabola : ideal optical system
Constant gravity (g) + Centrifugal Acceleration (²x)
Parabolic surface
Why ? Surface Acceleration
g
x
dx
dy 2
tan f
x
g
xy
42
222
)2( 2gf
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Liquids as mirror: Mercury, Gallium, Rubidium, CesiumMercury: It is liquid above -38.8˚C Reflectivity : 79% - 90% (3100 –
13000 ) Inexpensive Surface oxide layer prevents toxic
mercury vapors
Basic concepts of Liquid Mirrors:
0A
0A
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Basic concepts of Liquid Mirrors Detector : CCD camera Time Delay Integration for zenithal telescopes:
• Tracking by electronically stepping the charges on the CCD
• Rate of transfer of charges between rows of CCD equal to sidereal rate
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INTERNATIONAL LIQUID MIRROR TELECOPE Mirror diameter: 4mRotation period: 8 secFocal length: 8m – f/2Resolution: 0.6’’FOV: 24’x24’CCD: 4096x4096 pixels (15 m pixels)Filters: i’ , r’ , g’ (i’ permanently mounted) (i’=762.5 nm, r’=623.1 nm, g’=477 nm)Working temperature: -20˚C to 25˚CLife expectancy: 5 years
(Surdej et al. 2006)
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9
Structure
Mirror
CCD Camera
Corrector
Alignment mechanisms
Upper end
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Vertical fixed structure focal length = 8 m
Air bearing and motor
Carbon fiber container (d=4m)
DIFFERENT PARTS OF ILMT
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SPIN CASTING OF ILMT:Mixing of polyurethane
Pouring of polyurethane Final mirror shape
Taking parabolic shape
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INTERNATIONAL LIQUID MIRROR TELESCOPECollaborating countries: Belgium, Canada, IndiaLocation : Devsthal, India 79⁰ 41’ East, 29⁰ 23’ N Altitude : ~ 2400 mExpected first light: September 2010 Devsthal
Nainital
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SCIENCE WITH ILMT
Supernovae Variable objectsGravitational lensesStudy of galaxiesData base for follow up
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SNe search and related problems
Local SNe are rareSample of galaxiesFrequency and magnitude of observationsInstruments/techniques The answer is ILMT
SUPERNOVAE STUDY WITH ILMT
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SUPERNOVAE STUDY WITH ILMT
ILMT:
sky strip=24ˊ galactic latitude~ 30˚ total observed
area=146 sq. deg. extragalactic region=72
sq. deg.
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Integration time single pass
t=1.37 * *n w/f cos(lat) n=number of pixels w= width of pixel f= focal length lat=latitude of the
observatory
ILMT integration time ~ 100 seconds Limiting magnitude (100 seconds)=22.5 Co-addition will increase the limiting
magnitude
102
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Supernovae detection : (0.3<z<0.5) Type Ia 1000 Core collapse 3600 SNe Ib/c 1080 Bright SN Ib/c 216
(Pain et al. 1996, Dahlen et al. 2004 ,
Cappellaro et al. 1999, Strogler et al. 2004)
SUPERNOVAE STUDY WITH ILMT
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O-IR telescopes, additional benefit
For any transient event recognized by ILMT, the 3.6m telescope will be used for further photometric and spectroscopic studies.
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CONCLUSIONSILMT will scan 24’x24’ of sky and detect many
stellar objects. It will provide unique data base for large
conventional telescopes.Thousands of supernovae will be detected ( both
type Ia and core collapse) using ILMT.More light on classification of Supernovae.About GRB supernovae relation
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THANKS
http://www.aeos.ulg.ac.be/LMT