detailed project report for grid interactive roof …

P a g e | 1 SGPL-DPR

DETAILED PROJECT REPORT

FOR

GRID INTERACTIVE ROOF TOP SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAIC

POWER PLANT AT

SENGAMALA THAYAAR WOMEN’S COLLEGE

MANNARGUDI.


CONTENT

1. INTRODUCTION

2. BENEFITS OF SOLAR POWER PLANT

3. PROJECT LOCATION DESCRIPTION

3.1. PROJECT LOCATION

3.2. RADIATION DATA

4. DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS OF POWER PLANT

4.1. SOLAR PV MODULES

4.2. POWER CONDIOTIONING UNIT (PCU)

4.3. ARRAY JUNCTION BOX

4.4. CABLES AND CONNECTORS

5. SPECIFICATIONS FOR MAIN POWER PLANT

6. OPERATION AND MAINTAINANCE

7. ANNEXURE


INTRODUCTION


1. INTRODUCTION

Thanks for choosing Solariz Green Power Pvt. Ltd., to install Solar Grid-Tie PV

System in your SENGAMALA THAYAAR EDUCATIONAL TRUST WOMEN’S COLLEGE.

Solariz Green Power Pvt Ltd, an Engineering Company founded by technocrats

with a passion for Solar Energy & its power to transform the way we live. With Indigenous

technical capabilities combined with high calibre engineering resources, thus providing

superior quality solar products to the customer and Promoting the high potential

renewable energy for the future. Continuously growing and aimed to provide a

Comprehensive Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) services for Solar PV

projects in the renewable power sector. We provide Power Solutions for homes, schools,

colleges and industries from Kilo Watts – Mega Watt range projects.


Table 1-1.: PROJECT DETAILS:

1 Project Authority SOLARIZ GREEN POWER PVT

LTD.

2 Project Installed Capacity 20kWp +/- 3% Solar Photo

voltaic

3 Benificiary Name &

Address

Sengamala Thayaar

Educational Trust Women’s

College.

Sundarakkottai,

Mannargudi-614 016,

Thiruvarur

District,Tamilnadu.

4 Solar module type Poly crystalline

5 Capacity of each module 250Wp

6 No. of modules 80

7 PV System Mounting

Structure type

MS Galvanized material , Fixed

structure

8 No. of module mounting

structures

1 set

9 No. of Array junction boxes 1

10 Power conditioning Unit

(Inverter)

20 kVA

11 No. of inverters 1 No.

12 Inverter make REFU-SOL


13 Gross Power Generation

(kW)

20 Kw +/- 3%

14 Plant Commissioning Date Feb 2014

15 Area required 1400 sq.ft


2. BENEFITS SOLAR PV POWER PLANT

• Fuel source without limit

• Free, because main source is the sun Environment friendly, clean, do not

contribute to global warming, acid rains or smog, helps the decrease of harmful green

house gas emissions.

• Renewable.

• Give us a way to harness power in remote locations.

• Does not use fuel therefore does not contribute to the cost of the recovery

and transportation of fuel or radioactive waste.

• Become an official green business through Green Business

Programs.

• Solar power production is a silent process.

• The equipment needs little maintenance.

• Saving money on long term basis.

• The equipment is easy to install Increase the grid reliability i.e.,

voltage and frequency


PROJECT LOCATION DESCRIPTION


3. PROJECT LOCATION DESCRIPTION

3.1. PROJECT LOCATION

The Proposed project site is located in Virudhunagar district, in the State of

Tamilnadu. Below figure shows the project location.

Geographical coordinates of power plant site;

(a) Latitude : 100 37’19.11’’ NORTH

(b) Longitude : 790 26’9.43” EAST

P a g e | 1 0 SGPL-DPR

3.2. RADIATION DATA & PROJECTED POWER GENERATION

3.2.1. SOLAR RADIATION MAP OF INDIA

Radiation data for project location : 5.8 – 5.6 KWh/sq . m


DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS

OF THE POWER PLANT


4. DESCRIPTION OF MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE POWER PLANT

The Solar electricity is produced when the Photons from the sun rays hit the electrons

in the Solar PV panels, this will generate Direct Current (DC). The DC electricity from

the panels passes through DC distribution network to a grid-tie inverter, which

converts the DC electricity into 4 30V AC for three phase operation by using state of

the art technology.

Grid-Tie connected solar power plant comprises of the main equipment and

components listed below.

1. Solar PV Modules

2. Power Conditioning Unit (PCU)

3. Module mounting structure

4. Cables & connectors

5. Array Junction Box & Accessories


4.1. PV MODULE

PV Module (solar panel) can be used as a component of a larger photovoltaic system to

generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential applications. The PV

modules convert the sunlight falling on them into corresponding DC electrical power

output. The PV module frame is made out of anodized aluminium. Each PV module

consists of 60 Nos. of silicon solar cells connected in series with redundant

interconnects.

Solar Cell:

A solar cell (also called a photovoltaic cell) is an electrical device that converts the

energy of light directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. By wiring solar cells in series,

the voltage can be increased; or in parallel, the current. Solar cells are wired together to form a

solar panel.

Open circuit voltage (Voc)

The voltage between the terminals when no current is drawn (i.e Voltage across an

unloaded (open) PV module, PV string, PV array, or on the d.c. side of the PV inverter )

Short circuit current (Isc)

The short-circuit current is the current through the solar cell when the voltage across the

solar cell is zero (i.e., when the solar cell is short circuited).


Blocking Diodes:

These diodes are connected in series with string of PV modules and its functions are

as follows:

a) Prevent circulating current between PV module strings.

b) Prevent reverse flow of current from battery through PV array during night and/ or

periods of low insolation.

Bypass Diodes:

These diodes are connected in reverse direction (anode to negative of PV module and

cathode to positive of PV module) across each PV module of the string. They have the same

current rating as that of blocking diodes and their operation is as follows:

a) Under normal operating conditions, the bypass diodes are reverse biased and play no

part

b) When any module in a series string is shadowed, the current through the module is

reduced. Under these circumstances, the PV module gets reverse biased leading to

power dissipation across the module and reduction in output power of which is

undesirable. Presence of bypass diode provides an alternate path to flow of current in

the string (as the diode becomes forward biased when PV module gets reverse

biased) and also limits dissipation by limiting the voltage across PV module to

typically 0.7V.


Fill Factor (FF)

The Fill Factor(FF) is defined as the ratio of the maximum power(Pmax) from

the solar cell to the product of Voc and Isc.

Fill Factor (FF) = P max /Voc Isc

(Or)

FF = Vmax * Imax

Voc * Isc

Pmax - Maximum power(power rating or Vmax Imax)

Vmax - Maximum Voltage

Imax - Maximum current

Voc - Open circuit voltage

Isc - Short circuit current.

Typical commercial solar cells have a fill factor > 0.70.

Grade B cells have a fill factor usually between 0.4 to 0.7

PV STRING AND PV ARRAY

PV String

One or more PV modules connected in series.

PV array:

A photovoltaic array (or solar array) is a linked collection of solar panels. i.e. one or more PV

strings, and other necessary components, connected to a form the PV installation.


4.2. POWER CONDITIONING UNIT (PCU)

PCU is the heart of the Solar PV system. The function of the PCU is to convert

the direct current (DC) generated by the PV arrays to Alternating Current (AC).

MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking)

a component of the DC input side of an inverter designed to maximize the input from the

array by tracking voltage and current.

PV array charge controller

This provides the regulator/dump interface between the PV array and the battery so as

to prevent overcharging of the battery. The unit may also provide other functions such as

maximum power point tracking, voltage transformation, load control and metering.

4.3. ARRAY JUNCTION BOX

Array Junction Box is meant for combining all the incoming lines from the solar panel

strings/arrays and deriving one common array output for the multiple array inputs.

Main Functional Features of The Array Junction Box:

Array Junction Box has mainly 2 duties to be performed,

1) To Block the reverse flow of current from the battery to solar panels during nights or low

radiation levels.

2) To obstruct the sudden surges due to lightening strokes during cloudy and rainy

conditions and ground the surges immediately.


Miniature circuit breaker

A miniature circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to

protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit.

Its basic function is

1. To detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue

electrical flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit

breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation.

FUSE

Fuse is a type of low resistance resistor that acts as a sacrificial device to provide over

current protection, of either the load or source circuit. Its essential component is a metal wire or

strip that melts when too much current flows, which interrupts the circuit in which it is

connected. Short circuit, overloading, mismatched loads or device failure are the prime reasons

for excessive current.

PV string cable

Cable connecting PV modules to form a PV string.

PV DC main cable

Cable connecting the PV array junction box to the d.c. input of the inverter.

Terminal Connectors

Connector is a device for joining electrical circuits together. Mostly in PV systems, MC4

connectors are used. MC4 connectors are single contact connectors commonly used for

connecting photovoltaic panels.

AC CABLE

Cable connecting the a.c. terminals of the PV inverter to a distribution circuit of the

electrical installation.


SPECIFICATION OF MAIN PLANT

EQUIPMENT


5. SPECIFICATION OF MAIN PLANT EQUIPMENT

Table 5-1: Bill of materials

SI.

NO

DESCRIPTION RATING QUANTI

TY

REMARKS

1 Solar PV Modules 250 Wp 80

2 Inverter 20KVA 1

3 Array Junction Box a. AJB Box -IP 65 b. Terminal

Blocks

c. Short links d. Din Rail-35 e. Rail Blocks f. Terminal end

block

1000VDC

32A

32 A

As per

Require

4 DC Cables 4 sq.mm 6 sq.mm

As per Require

5 PV Mounting Structure

15 kW 1Set

6 DC Protection Switches Fuse – 32A MCB- 32A

As reqired

7 AC Protection Switches Fuse-15 A

MCB – 15A

As

reqired

8 AC Cables 4 sq.mm

As reqired

9 Lug

Connectors

25 Sq.mm

MC4

As

reqired

10 Cable glands Size 40

Size 25

As

reqired

11 AC- Junction Box

IP 65 1


Table 5-2: Technical specification of proposed solar modules at STC

1. Above parameters are at the Standard test condition(STC) of irradiance-

1000W/m2 , AM-1.5 and cell temperature- 25°C

2. The electrical measurements are within +/- 3% of the indicated values of Voc,

Isc and Pmax under Standard Test Condition(STC)

3. Maximum Fuse Rating-15 A

4. Temperature coefficients of PV modules:

Temperature coefficient of open circuit voltage(Voc) : (-)0.2884%/K

Temperature coefficient of short circuit current (Isc) : (+) 0.0352%/K

Temperature coefficient of power Pmax : (-) 0.4080%/K

Nominal operating cell temperature(NOCT) : 43.2°C

Technical Specifications for a typical Solar Photovoltaic poly

crystalline module at Standard Test Conditons (STC)

Type of Module Poly-crystalline

Manufacturers of module

Vikram Solar Pvt Ltd.

Output power –Pmax (Watts) 250Wp

Dimension of solar cell

156 X 156 mm

Certification As per MNRE

No. Of Solar cells 60

Maximum Voltage(Vmax) 30.6

Maximum Current(Imax) 8.2

Open-circuit voltage (Voc) 37.8

Short circuit current Isc 8.80

Maximum system voltage (Volts) DC 1000 V

Fill factor 0.754

Dimensions 1955 x 982 x 42 mm

Wind speed 200 Km/hr

Weight 19 Kg


Table 5-3: Specifications of module mounting structure

Table 5-4: Specifications of Array Junction Box(AJB)

Table 5-5: DC Cables specification

DC Cable Technical Specification

Parameters Specifications

Standard IS 694 Type of Material Copper No.of cores single core

PV string to array junction box 4mm2 PVC insulated DC cables

Array junction box to inverter

6mm2 PVC insulated DC cables

Structure Technical Specification


Material MS Galvanized

Overall dimension

later

Coating Hot dip (galvanized)

Wind rating 150 km/hr (Horizontal)

Tilt angle Suitable to site

Foundation PCC

Fixing type SS 304 fasteners

Array Junction Box Technical Specification


AJB Design voltage

1000 V

Open circuit voltage

later

No of Strings

later

Input fuse protection Both Positive and Negative

Output current Imax

29.2 A

Input/ Output Terminal block

32 A

Input and output cable

type

Single core

Input cable size 4 sq.mm

Output cable size 6 sq. mm

Enclosure IP 64


Table 5-6: Inverters specification

Inverter Technical Specifications

Parameters Specifications Type of Inverter Grid-Tie Inverter

Power rating

20 KVA

Manufacturer REFUSOL

Standard As per MNRE

Output Voltage

430 ± 1%V AC

MAX. AC current output

26 Amp AC

Output frequency 50Hz ± 0.5Hz

Max. PV module

OC Voltage

1000 V

Max. PV Current

38.5 A

Operating mode

operation

Grid-Tie

IP rating of enclosure

IP65

PV OC Voltage for

MPPT

445-850V

Maximum load to connected

22.3 KW

Table 5-7: Cables specification

AC Cable Technical Specification


Standard IS 694

No.of cores 3 core

Conductor Material

copper

Conductor size 4sq. mm


OPERATION & MAINTENANCE


6. Maintenance Instructions

(I) PV modules

• The surface of the module should be cleaned every 10 days; the existence of dust on the

module reduces significantly its performance; always use water (neutral) with a clean

cloth or sponge; DO NOT use an abrasive solution.

• Clean only during early morning or late afternoon, when the levels of solar radiation

are low and the temperature of the modules is lower.

• Do not use pressurized water or steam cleaning materials; they may damage the surface

of the modules.

• Check the condition and integrity of electrical connections and mechanical

components each semester.

(II) Inverter

• Inverter is designed to work in a specific load conditions. Therefore, any additional load

should not be included.

• In case of any continuous trip of MCB’s and malfunctioning of PCU, you should contact

our service engineer.

• If any overload alarm arises, the excess load should be reduced immediately.


ANNEXURE


7.1. Typical Wiring Diagram For Grid-Connected Solar PV System Without Diesel

Generator:


7.1. Typical Wiring Diagram For Grid-Connected Solar PV System With Diesel

Generator:

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