design with climate_intro

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Politecnico di Torino School of Architecture

DESIGN WITH CLIMATE

Fundamentals of Architectural TechnologyProf. Roberto Pagani

Arch. Giulia Bonomi

Arch. Zang Yu


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Design with Climate

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How does climate differ from weather ?

Weather is the current atmospheric conditions,

including temperature, rainfall, wind, humidity

and sky conditions at a given place. Weather is

that which is happening right now or is likely to

happen tomorrow or in the very near future.

Climate on the other hand, is the generalweather conditions over a long period of time.

Climate is sometimes referred to as "average"

weather for a given area. In totality, climate is

the sum of all the statistical weather

information that helps describe a place or

region.


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1 Design with Climate

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Climate zone Polar very cold and dry all year

Temperate cold winters and mild summers

Arid dry, hot all year

Tropical hot and wet all year

Mediterranean mild winters, dry hot summers

Mountains (Tundra) very cold all year

Climate at continental level HOT HUMID (TROPICAL)

WARM HUMID (SUB-TROPICAL)

TEMPERATE (WARM TEMPERATE) HOT DRY, WARM WINTER

TEMPERATE (WARM TEMPERATE)

COOL TEMPERATE (INCLUDES COLD-ALPINE)

Climate at regional level Hill

Lake

Alpine

Island, Coastal

Climate at urban level Solar Radiation

Wind

Humidity and fogs

Temperature

Vegetation

Microclimate at building level Incident Radiation

Air movements

Air Temperature

Relative Humidity Rain

Microclimate of indoor environ Temperature

Relative Humidity

Ventilation

Natural Lighting

Noise


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Solar Radiation

Solar radiation wave

Solar constant

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Solar radiation

Under clear sky conditions there are three

sources of radiation:

Direct irradiance from the sun ID.

Diffuse irradiance from the clear sky Id

Reflected direct and diffuse irradiance

from the ground Ig.

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2 Climates

HOT HUMID (TROPICAL)

MAIN CHARACTERISTICS:

High humidity with a degree of "dry season".

High temperatures year round.

Minimum seasonal temperature variation.

Lowest diurnal (day/night) temperature range.

KEY DESIGN PURPOSES:

Employ lightweight (low mass) construction.Maximize external wall areas (plans with one room depth are ideal) to

encourage movement of breezes through the building (cross

ventilation).

Site for exposure to breezes and shading all year.

Shade whole building summer & winter (consider using a fly roof).

Use reflective insulation & vapour barriers.

Ventilate roof spaces.

Use bulk insulation if mechanically cooling.

Choose light coloured roof and wall materials.

Elevate building to permit airflow beneath floors.

Considerhigh or raked ceilings.

Provide screened, shaded outdoor living areas.

Considercreating sleepout spaces.

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WARM HUMID (SUB-TROPICAL)


High humidity with a definite "dry season".

Hot to very hot summers with mild winters

Distinct summer/winter seasons.

Moderate to low diurnal (day/night) temperature range.

KEY DESIGN PURPOSES:Use lightweight construction where diurnal (day/night) temperature range is low and include thermal

mass where diurnal range is significant.

Maximize external wall areas (plans ideally one room deep) to encourage movement of breezes through

the building (cross ventilation).

Site for exposure to breezes.

Shade whole building where possible in summer.

Allow passive solar access in winter months only.

Shade all east & west walls & glass year round.Avoid auxiliary heating as it is unnecessary with good design.

Use reflective and bulk insulation (especially if the house is air-conditioned) and vapour barriers.

Use Elevated construction with enclosed floor space, where exposed to breezes.

Choose light coloured roof and wall materials

Provide screened and shaded outdoor living.

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2 Climates


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HOT DRY, WARM WINTER


Distinct wet and dry seasons.

Low rainfall and low humidity.

No extreme cold but can be cool in winter.

Hot to very hot summers common.

Significant diurnal (day/night) range.


Use passive solar design with insulated thermal mass.

Maximise cross ventilation.

Considerconvective (stack) ventilation, which vents rising hot air while drawing

in cooler air.

Site home for solar access and exposure to cooling breezes.

Shade all east & west glass in summer.

Install reflective insulation to keep out heat in summer.

Use bulk insulation in ceilings and walls.

Build screened, shaded summer outdoor living areas that allow winter sun

penetration.

Use garden ponds and water features to provide evaporative cooling.

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2 Climates


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HOT DRY, COLD WINTER (Hot Arid)


Low humidity year round.

High diurnal (day/night) temperature range.At least two (usually four) distinct seasons.

Low rainfall.

Very hot summers common.

Cold winters.

Hot, dry winds in summer.

Cool to cold dry winds in winter.


Use passive solar principles with well insulated thermal mass.

Maximise night time cooling in summer.

Considerconvective (stack) ventilation, which vents rising hot air while drawing in cooler air.

Build more compact shaped buildings with good cross ventilation for summer.

Maximise solar access, exposure to cooling breezes or cool air drainage, and protection from strong

winter (cold) and summer (dusty) winds.

Shade all east & west glass in summer.Provide shaded outdoor living areas.

Consideradjustable shading to control solar access.

Auxiliary heating may be required in extreme climates. Use renewable energy sources.

Use evaporative cooling if required.

Avoid air-conditioning.

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2 Climates


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TEMPERATE (WARM TEMPERATE)


Low diurnal (day/night) temperature range near coast to high diurnal range

inland.

Fourdistinct seasons. Summer and winter can exceed human comfort range.

Spring and autumn are ideal for human comfort.

Mild to cool winters with low humidity.

Hot to very hot summers with moderate humidity.


Use passive solar principles.High thermal mass solutions are recommended.

Use high insulation levels, especially to thermal mass.

Maximize south facing walls & glazing, especially in living areas with passive

solar access.

Minimize all east & west glazing. Use adjustable shading.

Use heavy drapes with sealed pelmets to insulate windows.

Minimize external wall areas (especially E & W).

Use cross ventilation & passive cooling in summer.Encourage convective ventilation and heat circulation.

Site new homes for solar access, exposure to cooling breezes and protection

from cold winds.

Draught seal thoroughly and use entry airlocks

No auxiliary heating or cooling is required in these climates with good design

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2 Climates


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COOL TEMPERATE (INCLUDES COLD-ALPINE)


Low humidity.High diurnal range.

Fourdistinct seasons. Summer and winter exceed human comfort range

Cold to very cold winters with majority of rainfall.

Hot dry summers.

Variable spring and autumn conditions.

KEY DESIGN RESPONSE

Use passive solar principles.High thermal mass is strongly recommended.

Insulate thermal mass including slab edges.

Maximise south facing walls & glazing, especially in living areas with passive solar access.

Minimise east & west glazing.

Use adjustable shading.

Minimise north facing glazing.

Use double glazing, insulating frames and/or heavy drapes with sealed pelmets to insulate glass inwinter.

Minimise external wall areas (especially E & W).

Use cross ventilation & night time cooling in summer.

Encourage convective ventilation & heat circulation.

Site new homes for solar access, exposure to cooling breezes and protection from cold winds.

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2 Climates

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