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DESIGN AND PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT CONCRETE WITH WASTE PLASTIC PET AS MODIFIED BITUMEN

THESIS

Submitted to the Post Graduate of Civil in Engineering Program in Partial fulfillment for the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Engineering in Infrastructure

by Suliman Abdulkabir Almasatr

NO.S 941208027

POST GRADUATE CIVIL ENGINEERING PROGRAM SEBELAS MARET UNIVERSITY

2015


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STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY AND CONTENT PUBLICATION OF FINAL PROJECT

I declare actually:

1. Thesis by the title: DESIGN AND PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT

CONCRETE WITH WASTE PLASTIC PET AS MODIFIED

BITUMEN is my own work and has not been submitted for any degree

or other purposes, except has been mentioned on the bibliography as

reference of this paper. If in the future proved there is plagiarism in this

paper, I am willing to accept the sanction appropriate to legislation

(Permendiknas No. 17, 2010).

2. Publication of this Thesis on Journal or scientific forum should be

permission and include the counselor as author and PPs UNS as

institution. In the period at least one semester I did not do the publication

of part or all of the contents of this thesis, the Master Civil Engineering

Program of UNS reserves the right to publish a scientific journal published

by the Master Civil Engineering Department of UNS. If I am in violation

of the terms of this publication, then I am willing to receive the applicable

academic sanctions.

Surakarta, 2015

Author,

Suliman abdulkabir almasatr S941208027


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FOREWORD

This thesis would not have been p

great praise to Allah the lord of the universe. The writer could achieve master

program of civil engineering in Sebelas Maret University by completing this

thesis. The writer would like to give special thanks to those who have always

looked out for his future, who are:

1. Director of Civil Engineering of Master Program, Sebelas Maret University.

2.

Sebelas Maret University.

3.

thanks for their support and advice during arranging this thesis.

4. Civil engineering faculty staffs that have been given help and support during

5. My beloved father and mother, may Allah loves u both always anywhere.

6. My brothers and sisters who have been great brotherhood with never ending

supports in every condition.

7. Class fellows of civil engineering, thanks for inspiration and suggestion.

8. Indonesian friends, thanks for friendship and wonderful experience during in

Indonesia.

9. All people who have helped

one.

The writer hopes this thesis contributes to the future work either in the

development of pavement application practically or academic practitioners.

Finally, the writer is hopefully Allah give his blessing for all of us.

Surakarta, August 2015

The writer

Suliman Abdulkabir Almasatr


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ABSTRACT

This study is an aim to investigate experimentally the influence of waste

plastic PET on design and properties of asphalt concrete (AC). Asphalt

concrete modification with plastic as bitumen modifier improves temperature

susceptibility. Present study was purposed to design asphalt concrete with

plastic as modified bitumen. The objectives of this study were to design the AC

with waste plastic bottle as bitumen modifier, to assess the AC properties

modified with waste bottle plastic and compare it with unmodified AC. AC

was modified with 6% plastic as bitumen modifier.

Marshal properties, Indirect Tensile Strength test (ITS) and Unconfined

Compressive Strength (UCS) have been carried out at different temperature at

20°, 40°, and 60°C. The Marshal Test results show that Optimum Bitumen

Content (OBC) unmodified AC attained 6.08% and 6.01% for AC modified

with plastic. Stability, flow, marshal quotient, VMA and FVMA of unmodified

AC attained higher value than modified AC. And only air void of modified AC

was higher than unmodified AC. Air void of AC modified plastic attained 1.9%

higher than unmodified AC.

The result of unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and indirect tensile

strength test (ITS) of modified and unmodified AC reached the highest value at

temperature of 20°C. Further the UCS and ITS values started to decrease with

the increase of temperature. However modified AC was sensitive less towards

temperature compared with unmodified AC because there was large amount of

UCS and ITS decrease. Therefore, waste bottle plastic could be utilized as

bitumen modifier of asphalt concrete in low temperature region.


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ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini adalah sebuah penelitian untuk menginvestigasi pengaruh

limbah plastik PET sebagai bahan tambahan dalam aspal sehingga dapat

diketahui desain dan sifat beton aspal (AC) dengan bahan tambahan plastik

sebagai modifikasi. Aspal beton dengan bahan tambahan plastik sebagai aspal

modifier meningkatkan kerentanan suhu. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk

merancang beton aspal dengan plastik sebagai bahan modifikasi aspal. Selain

itu juga bertujuan untuk menilai sifat AC yang dimodifikasi dengan botol

sampah plastik dan membandingkannya dengan AC tanpa modifikasi plastik.

AC dimodifikasi dengan 6% plastik sebagai aspal modifier.

Serangkaian Marshal test, indirect tensile strength (ITS) dan unconfined

compressive strength (UCS) tes telah dilakukan pada suhu yang berbeda pada

20 °, 40 °, dan 60°C. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa optimum bitumen

content (OBC) konventional AC mencapai 6,08% dan 6,01% untuk AC

dimodifikasi dengan plastik. Stabilitas, aliran, marshal quotient, VMA dan

FVMA dari konventional AC mencapai nilai yang lebih tinggi daripada

dimodifikasi AC. Dan hanya kekosongan udara dimodifikasi AC lebih tinggi

dari AC dimodifikasi. Rongga udara dari AC dimodifikasi plastik mencapai

1,9% lebih tinggi dari yang tidak dimodifikasi AC.

Hasil Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) dan uji Indirect Tensile

Strength (ITS) dari AC tanpa modifikasi dan AC dengan dimodifikasi plastik

mencapai nilai tertinggi pada suhu 20° C. Selanjutnya UCS dan nilai-nilai ITS

mulai menurun dengan meningkatnya suhu. Namun AC yang dimodifikasi

dengan plastik kurang sensitif terhadap suhu dibandingkan dengan AC yang

tidak dimodifikasi karena ada sejumlah besar nilai penurunan. Oleh karena itu,

limbah botol plastik bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai aspal modifier beton aspal di

daerah suhu tinggi.


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CONTENT LIST

TITLE ............................................................................................................... i

APPROVAL PAGE ......................................................................................... ii

SUPERVISOR ENDORSEMENT .................................................................. iii

STATEMENT OF ORIGINALITY ................................................................. iv

FOREWORD ................................................................................................... v

ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................... vi

ABSTRAK ....................................................................................................... vii

CONTENT LIST .............................................................................................. viii

FIGURE LIST .................................................................................................. xi

TABLE LIST ................................................................................................... xii

ABBREVATIONS ........................................................................................... xiii

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION ............................................................... 1

1.1 Background ................................................................ 1

1.2 Problem statement ...................................................... 3

1.3 Objectives of Study .................................................... 3

1.4 Scope of Research ...................................................... 3

1.5 Benefit of Study ......................................................... 3

CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW & BASIC THEORY .................. 5

2.1 Literature Review ....................................................... 5

2.1.1 Polymer modified asphalt mix ........................ 5

2.1.2 Plastic polymers .............................................. 6

2.1.3 Types of plastics ............................................. 6

2.1.4 Plastics waste problem ................................... 10

2.1.5 Plastic Wastes utilization in asphalt

mixtures .......................................................... 10

2.1.6 Laboratory studies related of plastics

utilization in asphalt mixes ............................. 11


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2.2 Basic theory ................................................................ 14

2.2.1 Introduction ..................................................... 14

2.2.2 Hot Mix Asphalt ............................................. 15

2.2.3 Basic materials in hot mix asphalt .................. 16

CHAPTER III METHOD OF RESEARCH ................................................ 21

3.1 Introduction ................................................................ 21

3.2 Location ...................................................................... 21

3.3 Parameter and Variable .............................................. 21

3.4 Instrument ................................................................... 22

3.5 Research Procedures .................................................. 30

3.6 Flowchart of study ...................................................... 32

CHAPTER IV RESULT AND DISCUSSION ............................................ 33

4.1. Introduction ................................................................ 33

4.2. Blending Aggregates .................................................. 33

4.3. Asphalt Bitumen Test Results .................................... 34

4.3.1. Properties specifications of asphalt binder

course .............................................................. 34

4.3.2 Penetration of Bitumen ................................... 34

4.3.3 Ductility Result ............................................... 35

4.3.4 Flash and Fire Point Results ........................... 35

4.3.5 Softening Point Result .................................... 35

4.4 Marshal Test without Plastic and with Plastic ........... 36

4.4.1 Correlation between Bitumen Content

and Stability .................................................... 36


and Flow ......................................................... 37


and Marshal Quotient ..................................... 39


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and Void Mineral Aggregate (VMA) ............. 40


and Void Filled with Asphalt (VFWA) .......... 41


and Air Void (Va) ........................................... 43

4.4.7 Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) ................ 44

4.5 Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) ................. 45

4.6 Indirect Tensile Test (ITS) ......................................... 47

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION .................................................................... 49

REFERENCE ................................................................................................... 51

APPENDIX ...................................................................................................... 54


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TABLE LIST

Table 2.1 Types and Classification of Polymers .......................................... 8

Table 2.2 Types of plastics, their applications and SPI code ........................ 9

Table 2.3 Gradation of Asphalt Binder Course (ASTM D5315) .................. 18

Table 2.4 Mechanical properties specifications for asphalt binder course.... 19

Table 3.1 Parameter and variable of present study ....................................... 21

Table 3.2 Asphalt Plastic mix sample ........................................................... 30

Table 3.3 Asphalt mix design ........................................................................ 30

Table 3.4 Optimum bitumen content sample ................................................ 30

Table 3.5 Unconfined compressive test samples........................................... 31

Table 3.6 Indirect tensile test samples........................................................... 31

Table 4.1 Gradation of Asphalt Binder Course (ASTM D3515) .................. 33

Table 4.2 Properties specification of asphalt AC 60/ 70 .............................. 34

Table 4.3 Penetration Results of bitumen with and without plastic .............. 35

Table 4.4 Ductility result of bitumen with and without plastic ..................... 35

Table 4.5 Results of Flash and Point of bitumen with and without plastic ... 35

Table 4.6 Softening point results of bitumen with and without plastic ......... 36

Table 4.7 Properties of Asphalt Mix used Marshal Test of without plastic

and with 6% plastic ....................................................................... 36


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FIGURE LIST

Figure 2.1 Vertical section of asphalt concrete pavement structure. .................. 16

Figure 2.2 Gradation of Asphalt Binder Course (ASTM D3515) ...................... 19

Figure 3.1 Cutting Plastic Bottles Machine ........................................................ 22

Figure 3.2 Sieve analysis tool ............................................................................. 23

Figure 3.3 Ductility test tool ............................................................................... 24

Figure 3.4 Flash and fire test tool ....................................................................... 25

Figure 3.5 Softening point test tool .................................................................... 26

Figure 3.6 Penetration test tool ........................................................................... 27

Figure 3.7 Marshal Testing machine .................................................................. 28

Figure 3.8 Machine for Unconfined Compressive Strength ............................... 29

Figure 3.9 Machine for Indirect Tensile Strength .............................................. 29

Figure 3.10 Flowchart of study ............................................................................. 32

Figure 4.1 Gradation Of Asphalt Binder Course (ASTM D3515) ..................... 34

Figure 4.2 Correlations between Stability and Bitumen with and without

Plastic ................................................................................................ 37

Figure 4.3 Correlations between Flow and Bitumen with and without Plastic .. 38

Figure 4.4 Correlations between MQ and Bitumen with and without Plastic .... 40

Figure 4.5 Correlations between VMA and Bitumen with and without Plastic 41

Figure 4.6 Correlations between VFWA and Bitumen with and without

Plastic ................................................................................................ 42

Figure 4.7 Correlations between Va and Bitumen with and without Plastic ...... 43

Figure 4.8 Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) without Plastic .......................... 44

Figure 4.9 Optimum Bitumen Content (OBC) with 6% Plastic ......................... 45

Figure 4.10 UCS results for AC without and with plastic at several

temperatures ...................................................................................... 46

Figure 4.11 ITS Result for various plastic percentages at different temperature . 47


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ABBREVATIONS

AC : Asphalt Concrete

ASTM : American Society of Testing and Materials

CRM : Crumb Rubber Modifier

EVA : Ethylene Vinyl Acetate

HDPE : High Density Polyethylene

HMA : Hot-Mix Asphalt

ITS : Indirect Tensile Strength

LDPE : Low Density Polyethylene

MQ : Marshal Quotient

OBC : Optimum Bitumen Content

PET : Polyethylene Terephthalate

PP : Polypropylene

R2 : Correlation coefficient

SPI : Society of the Plastics Industry

UCS : Unconfined Compressive Strength

UTM : Universal Testing Machine

Va : Air Void

VFWA : Voids Filled with Asphalt

VMA : Voids Mineral Aggregate

WPB : Waste Plastic Bottles

WPPM : Waste Polymeric Packaging Material

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