descriptive research grup 3
TRANSCRIPT
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DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
GROUP 3
Casiyah, Saidatun N., Adriani P.S.
Masters In Linguistics
DIPONEGORO UNIVERSITY
2011
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Definition
Characteristics
Types of Descriptive Research
Purposes
Advantages and Disadvantages
Conclusion
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What is Descriptive Research?
Descriptive research is conducted to make thedescription of facts, characteristics and relationships
between phenomenon that investigated
systematically, factually and accurately (Nazir,
2005:54) .
According to Narbuko and Achmadi (2007: 44) a
descriptive research is a research which attempts todescribe problem solving based on the data in recent
condition. It presents, analyzes and interprets the
data.
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Descriptive research is concerned withconditions or relationships that exist, opinions
that are held, processes that are going on;
effects that are being evident, or trends that are
developing (Best 1981:93)
It is concerned with how what is or what exists
isrelated to some proceding event that hasinfluenced or affected a present condition or
event.
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CHARACTERISTICS
Best (1981: 106) has presented five characteristics which
distinguish descriptive research from other types of
research.
1. It is non experimental, for it deals with therelationships between non-manipulated variables in a
natural, rather than artificial, setting. Since the events
or conditions have already occurred or exist, the
researcher selects the relevant variables for ananalysis of their relationships.
2. It involves hypothesis formulation and testing.
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CONT....
3. It uses the logical methods of inductive-deductivereasoning to arrive at generalizations.
4. It often employs the methods of randomization so that
error may be estimated when inferring population
characteristics from observations of samples.
5. The variables and procedures are described asaccurately and completely as possible so that the study
can be replicated by other researchers.
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According to Nazir (2005: 61-62) descriptive method has two
criteria. They are general criteria and specific criteria.
General criteria:
a) The problem which is formulated should be proper, there is a
scientific value and not too wide.
b) The purpose of research should be obvious, explicit, and not too
general.
c) The data of the research should reliable fact and not from the
opinion.
d) The standard which is to make a comparison should have validity.
e) It should be a clear description about time and place of research.
f) The result of research should have contents in detail either of
collecting data or analyzing data with literature study.
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CONT.
Specific criteria
a) The principles and the data which is used should be
declared in value.
b) The facts and the principles which is used about
status problem.
c) It has ex post facto characteristic, so there is nocontrol to variable and the researcher does not hold
the arrangement or manipulation to variable.
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PURPOSES
The purposes of the descriptive research (Best, 1981:
107) are:
To describe prevailing practices or condition.
To discover the relative importanceof, or interest in,certain topics or problem
To discover level of difficulty of presentation in
textbooks or in other publications.
To evaluate bias, prejudice, or propaganda in
textbook presentation.
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ADVANTAGES
According to Subana and Sudrajat (2009: 37), the
descriptive research has some advantages such
as:
1) It is preferable in various kinds of investigation;
2) It is logic to give information;
3) It is suitable for normative standard research
based on general condition.
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DISADVANTAGES
Subana and Sudrajat (2009: 37) stated that thedisadvantages of descriptive research are:
1) This research can be bias;2) The result of this research is limited due to that the
independent variables can not be manipulated and
subject can not be randomly assigned to treatment
group;
3) This research can be invalid since causes are often
multiple than single.
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CONT....
To analize types of errors in studentswork.
To analyzes the use of symbols representing
persons, political parties or institutions, countries,
or points of view. To identify the literary style, concepts, beliefs of a
writer.
To explain the possible causal factors related tosome outcome, action or even.
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TYPES OF DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
These are several types of descriptive research
(Nazir, 2005:55):
1. Survey
2. Continuity (Longitudinal)
3. Case study
4. Job and activity analysis research
5. A comparative study
6. Time and motion study
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CONCLUSION
Descriptive research is a research which solves
the problem by describing the facts that exist
in certain condition without any data
treatment or nonmanipulated data.
The result of this resarch illustrates the real
condition of the object which is investigated.
The use of statistics may help to interpretate
data and to draw conclusion.
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Arikunto, Suharsimi. 2001. Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan
Praktik. Yogyakarta: Rineka Cipta.
Best, John W. 1981. Research in Education. Prentice Hall Inc.
Fink, Arlene. 1995. How to Sample in Surveys. California: Sage
Publication Ltd.
Hadi, Sutrisno.1982. Methodology Research. Yogyakarta: Andi Offset
Hornby, A.A. 1974. Oxford AdvancedLearners
Dictionnary of CurrentEnglish.London: Oxford University Press.
Maxfield, E.N. The Case Study. Education Res.
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Narbuko, Cholid and Achmadi, Abu. 2007. Metodologi
Penelitian. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara
Nawawi, Hadari. 1995. Metode Penelitian Bidang
Sosial. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada University Press.
Nazir, Moh. 2005. Metode Penelitian. Bogor: Ghalia Indonesia.
Subana, M and Sudrajat.2009. Dasar-dasar Penelitian Ilmiah. Bandung:
Pustaka Setia.
Syakur, M. 1994. Prinsip Dasar Metodologi Penelitian
Bahasa. Surakarta:Sebelas Maret University Press.
Whitney, E.L and Milholland, M. 1933. A Four Year Continuation Study
of aTeachers College Class. Education Res.
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THANK YOU