Describe Evaluate

Explain Inform Instruct

Persuade Recount Report

Analyse

Writing to Analyse• Examining in detail, in order to discover meaning• Making judgementsPurpose• A statement of the issue• Each point explored in turn, with evidence to

support• Summary or conclusion

Structure• Connectives of comparison• Cause and effect• Subject specific languageLanguage• Essays• Reviews• ReportsExamples

Writing to Describe • Detailing thoughts, ideas and/or observations• Creating a vivid picture• Real or imaginaryPurpose• Chronological order• OR Points ordered by priorityStructure• Adjectives• Adverbs• Imagery• Connectives for time or sequencing

Language• Stories• Personal accountsExamples

Writing to Evaluate• Reflecting on the positive and negative outcomes in

order to find a way to progressPurpose• Introduction or outline• Key points, explained in turn• Summary or conclusion, with points for the next

stepsStructure

• Cause and effect• Subject specific language• ComparisonsLanguage• Reports• Evaluations• EssaysExamples

Writing to Explain • Helping readers to understand an idea or point of

viewPurpose• A series of logical steps, with each point explained in

turn – focusing on How and Why• Chronological orderStructure• Present tense• Sequential connectives• Connectives to show cause and effect• Plain vocabulary

Language• Essays• Leaflet • LettersExamples

Writing to Inform• Telling somebody something as clearly as possible

Purpose• Clear opening statement• May use subheadings• Does not need to be chronological • Clear and short sentencesStructure• Present Tense• Impersonal• Connectives for comparison• Connectives for cause and effect• Precise vocabulary with use of technical terms and facts

Language• Leaflets• Textbooks• Projects• ReportsExamples

Writing to Instruct• Telling someone what to do and the best way to do

itPurpose• Chronological order• Step by step process• Clear and short sentencesStructure• Commands• Second person• Sequential connectives• Plain vocabulary

Language• Recipes• ManualsExamples

Writing to Persuade• Putting across a convincing case

Purpose• Bold and memorable opening statement• Key points with evidence• Focus on the points that are of benefit• Bold and memorable conclusion

Structure• Rhetorical questions• Commands• Factual and authoritative tone• Biased

Language• Advertisements• Leaflets• Political materialExamples

Writing to Recount • Retelling events in an informative or imaginative way

Purpose• Introduction, including the Who, What, Where, Why, When• Focus on specific events• Chronological order • Final paragraph to bring the reader back to the subjectStructure• Past tense• Sequential connectives• Third or first person• Factual and authoritative toneLanguage• Biographies• Diaries• Newspaper articles• JournalsExamples

Writing to Report• Retelling key events and outcomes

Purpose• Introduction, including the Who, What, Where, Why, When• Focus on specific events with explanation• Chronological OR ordered by key points• Summary or conclusion with key points and next stepsStructure• Sequential connectives• Impersonal• Factual and subject specific vocabulary• FormalLanguage• Reports• Essays• ProjectsExamples

Connectives of ComparisonTo Show Similarity To Show Difference

Also

And

Equally

In comparison

In the same way

Like

Likewise

Similarly

Too

Alternatively

But

However

In contrast

Instead

On the other hand

Unlike

Whereas

Yet

Connectives of Sequencing and TimeFirst/Firstly

And

Then

Afterwards

In addition

Plus

Additionally

Eventually

In conclusion

Second/Secondly

Next

After

Furthermore

Meanwhile

Moreover

Later

Finally

Overall

Connectives for Cause and Effect

Because

Due to

If

Then

Thus

As a result

Consequently

Hence

So

Therefore

Including Evidence

As revealed by

As shown by

For instance

Such as

As seen in

For example

In the case of

Explaining

This/which could be interpreted as

This/which illustrates

This/which implies

This/which presents

This/which shows

This/which signifies

The connotations of this are

This/which demonstrates

This/which indicates

This/which means

This/which proves

This/which suggests