department of plant production subject: forage crops and ... · 2. lecturers in charge bilal...

Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific research

Directorate of Quality Assurance and Accreditation خشین‌به‌متمانهتی‌دڵنیایی‌جۆری‌و‌‌رایه‌به‌ڕێوه‌به

Department of Plant Production

Khabat Technical Institute

Erbil Polytechnic University

Subject: Forage crops and pastures

Course Book – (Year 2)

Lecturer's name

Bilal Ibrahim Muhammed M.Sc.: (First semester)

AbdulSalam Omar Mawlood M.Sc.:(Second semester)

Academic Year: 2019/2020



Course Book

1. Course name Forage crops and pastures

2. Lecturers in charge Bilal Ibrahim Mohammed & AbdulSalam Omar Mawlood

3. Department/ College Plant Production/ Khabat Technical Institute

4. Contact e-mail: [email protected] Tel: 07504699939 e- mail : [email protected]

5. Time (in hours) per week Theory : 1 hour Practical: 3 hours

6. Office hours 4 hours

7. Course code F. Crops and Pastures

8. Teacher's academic profile : Bilal Ibrahim Mohammed

in 2006 I worked in the nursery-forests Khabat for six

months at the beginning of the year 2007 is held as an

agronomist. In 2009 entitled appointed agricultural

engineer in agriculture Khabat Directorate under the

Ministry of Agriculture, Kurdistan region for two years and

worked in all sections of farmland, agricultural extension,

agricultural services and agricultural planning.

In 2011, transferred to the Ministry of Higher Education

and Scientific Research University of polytechnic- Technical

Institute of Khabat field crops section for some practical

lessons such as the production of field crops, the

production of seeds and plant production.

I participated in strengthening English language course for

six months in center of English language at the University

of Salahaddin-Erbil in 2011 and also in that year

participated in the strengthening of computer programs in

the Faculty of Education, University of Salahaddin.

After studying two years at the College of Agriculture,

University of Salahaddin in Irbil-end 2015, he got a

master's degree.

Now, I work as a teacher in that Institute.

mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]



Abdulsalam Omar Mawlood

I have a Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Sciences. My

specialty is in Soil Science from College of Agriculture -

University of Baghdad – Iraq (1978 ). I received my

Master of Science: Agricultural Sciences, Specialization

of Soil Physics from College of Agriculture - University of

Baghdad – Iraq (1983).

My career in the academic level includes:

Scientific Researcher Assistant, in Agriculture and Water

Resources Research Center / Scientific Research Council

Baghdad / Iraq.

Assistant Lecturer / Plant Production Department /

Technical Institute in Erbil

Assistant Lecturer / Field Crops Department / Khabat

Technical Institute

Director of Quality Assurance / Khabat Technical Institute

2010 – 2019

Participation in a number of courses and scientific

conferences and workshops inside and outside Iraq

Presidency and membership of several committees. 13 Published researches.

9. Keywords forage crops and pastures

10. Course overview:

Forage crops have an important role in terms of fodder for animals, such as alfalfa and

other crops, as well as care in terms of economic importance and ways to progress crops

in terms of productivity

We also study fodder crops in terms of feed, crop, alfalfa and other crops

These lessons are important for students to learn how to produce crops and how to use

them

11. Course objective: The main goal of the course is to understand students theoretically and practically in terms

of economic importance and service of the forage crop as well as knowledge of pastures.

12. Student's obligation

There are several obligations on the student executed when the study:



1. Presence in class and not the absence of it is influenced by the extent of his understanding of the lessons. 2-Writing reports and especially lessons as well as practical and scientific trips.

13. Forms of teaching Gives lessons to students in various forms such as the use of data show, blackboard, PowerPoint, clone and through dictation, and now we give lessons via the Internet Portal in the Masters

14. Assessment scheme Breakdown of overall assessment and examination: 1-Students can evaluate in several ways, for example, a quiz in each lesson and discussion of the students in the lesson and writing reports.

2-Conduct examinations such as quiz and monthly and final exams 15. Student learning outcome: 1- Knowledge of the principles of types for forages and service operations of various

forage crops.

2- Develop and create the ground and shrines appropriate for various forage crops and

roads suitable for cultivation.

3- Service operations and its morphological description.

16. Course Reading List and References‌: 1- Lindemulder, Bobbi. Spring is Here, Are Your Pastures Ready? The NEXUS, Snohomish Conservation district. Spring 2007. 2- Washington County Soil and Water Conservation District. Managing pastures: Grazing for profit, not pollution. Tips for small acreages in Oregon, Fact Sheet # 7. January 1999, 4pp. 3- Proceedings, I.N. 2009 California Alfalfa & Forage Symposium And Western Seed Conference, Reno, NV, 2-4 December, 2009. UC Cooperative Extension, Plant Sciences Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616. 4- Staniar, W.B. M.H. Hall, and A. L. Burk. 2010 Voluntary Intake and Digestibility of Three Cuttings of Tiff Hay Fed to Horses. Penn State University submitted to Journal of Animal Science.



ي العراق1989جواد, كامل سعيد و عرفان راشد ) 5- 1 .(. انتاج المحاصيل الحقلية ف

(. علم المحاصيل, 2007عبدالجواد, د. عبدالعضيم احمد و نعمت عبدالعزيز نورالدين وطاهر بهجت فايد ) - 6

.قواعد واالسس

, طارق علي و عرفان محمد راشد ) -7 ي. مؤسسة المعاهد الفنية, 1986العان (. انتاج المحاصيل العلف والمراعي

العراق.

ي العراق. مؤسسة المعاهد الفنية, 1989جواد, كامل سعيد و عرفان راشد ) - 8 (. انتاج المحاصيل الحقلية ف

العراق.

, موىس عثمان - 9 ي للبحث والتطوير, 2006)العوامي. المكتب الوطن (. انتاج محاصيل العلف ونباتات المراعي

ليبيا.

. منشاة المعارف باالسكندرية, مرص. 2002كذلك, محمد محمد ) - 10 (. زراعة محاصيل االعالف والمراعي

17. Theory Topics مفردات النظري

Lecturer's name: Bilal I. Mohammed: First semester. Abdulsalam Omer Mawlood : Second semester. Date and time of the lecture Outline Week

Forage Crops

(1 hrs) Definition of forage crops, importance of production.

1

(1 hrs) Division of Forage crops according to life cycle.

2

(1 hrs) Processes and factors determining the composition of the

product. 3

(1 hrs) The importance of feed crops and their role in the

4



preparation of feed for livestock.

(1 hrs) Factors affecting the production and quality of feed.

5

(1 hrs) Alfalfa; Economic importance, suitable environment and

suitable soil, preparation of soil and varieties. 6

(1 hrs)

Clover, economic importance, suitable environment and

suitable soil, soil preparation, watering and varieties.

7

(1 hrs) Common vetch, economic importance, suitable environment

and suitable soil, preparation of soil and varieties.

8

(1 hrs) Bur clover: Economic importance, suitable environment and


(1 hrs) Narbon vetch, economic importance, suitable environment

and suitable soil, preparation of soil and varieties. 10

(1 hrs)

Maize, economic importance, suitable environment and

suitable soil, soil preparation, irrigation and varieties. 11

(1 hrs) Oats, economic importance, appropriate environment and

suitable soil, how to use it as animal feed. 12

(1 hrs) Sorghum, economic importance, suitable environment and


(1 hrs)

Barley: Economic importance, appropriate environment and


(1 hrs) Millet, economic importance, suitable environment and


(1 hrs) Mid Term 16

(1 hrs) The importance and quality of the preparation of Silage.

17

(1 hrs) The importance and quality of the preparation of Hay.

18



(1 hrs) Importance and types of mixed feed. 19

(1 hrs) Problems of growing forage crops and how to overcome

them. 20

Pastures

(1 hrs) Definition of pastures and importance.

21

(1 hrs) Division of Pasture according to natural types.

22

(1 hrs) Factors determining the composition of the product.

23

(1 hrs)

The importance of pasture and their role in the preparation of

feed for livestock.

24

(1 hrs) Artificial pasture and the importance type of this. 25

(1 hrs) The benefits of artificial pasture.

26

(1 hrs) Types of plants that cultivate in pasture area.

27

(1 hrs) Roles of natural pastures in soil aeration.

28

(1 hrs) Pastures advances and increase of production. 29

(1 hrs) The importance and quality of pastures in Kurdistan and

Iraq. 30

(1 hrs) Causes of deterioration of rangeland and methods of repair.

31

(1 hrs)

Problems of natural pasture in some area of Kurdistan. 32



18. Practical Topics Lecturer's names: Bilal I. Mohammed

Date and time of the lecture Outline Week

Forage Crops

(3 hrs) Preparing the plot for growing forage crops. 1

(3 hrs) Soil service operations.

2

(3 hrs) Crop service operations. 3

(3 hrs) Crop cultivation methods (advantages and disadvantages).

4

(3 hrs) Green feed, how to choose feed.

5

(3 hrs) Hay and how to prepare of hay.

6

(3 hrs) Silage and how to prepare of silage.

7

(3 hrs) Alfalfa, plant description, methods of agriculture, date of

planting, quantity of seed and fertilization.

8

(3 hrs)

Clover, plant description, methods of agriculture, date of

planting, quantity of seed and fertilization. 9

(3 hrs)

Common vetch, vegetation description, methods of

agriculture, date of planting, quantity of seed and

fertilization. 10

(3 hrs) Bur clover; Plant description, methods of agriculture, date of


(3 hrs) Narbon vetch, plant description, methods of agriculture, date

of cultivation, quantity of seed and fertilization. 12



(3 hrs) Maize, plant description, planting methods, date of

cultivation, quantity of seed and fertilization. 13

(3 hrs) Sorghum, plant description, methods of agriculture, date of


(3 hrs) Barley, vegetation description, methods of agriculture, date


(3 hrs) Millet, vegetation description, methods of agriculture, date


(3 hrs) Mid Term 17

(3 hrs) Field visit to see forage crops and pastures. 18

(3 hrs) Discussion of reports. 19

(3 hrs) Discussion of reports. 20

Pastures

(3 hrs) What are the natural pastures and advanced of this. 21

(3 hrs) Plants that cultivated in natural pasture.

22

(3 hrs) What are the artificial pastures and advanced of this. 23

(3 hrs) Plants that cultivated in artificial pasture.

24

(3 hrs) Pasture management on small farm. 25

(3 hrs) Pasture feeding dominates livestock. 26

(3 hrs) Difference between pasture and fodder. 27



(3 hrs) What are the grateful pastures farm.

28

(3 hrs) Field visit to see natural pastures.

29

(3 hrs) Field visit to see artificial pastures. 30

(3 hrs) Discussion of reports.

31

(3 hrs) Discussion of reports.

32

19. Examinations: 1. Compositional: 1- Write the economic importance of alfalfa crop. 1-Used as green feed for animals because it contains a high percentage of protein, carbohydrates and minerals 2 -The stems and leaves used in the composition of the hay 3 -Keep the stems and leaves green in the process of the silage 4 – It is used for soil fertility by the root nodes as well as in the agricultural rotation.

2- Write the benefits of artificial pasture. 1-Maintain soil fertility 2-Protection of agricultural pests 3-Resistant to erosion 4-Reduce of weed

2. True or false type of exams: 1- Silage works from any feed material after cutting the parts into 2-4 cm. 2- Pasture can be grown until mid-November to December according to rainfall. 3- The amount of seeds for growing sorghum it needs to (50 kg/ha). 4- Hay it may be stored in bales or in cubic disks. 5- Leaf as in maize and barley; include sheath, blade, ligule and no hay.

3. Multiple choices:

Choose the correct term from the following sentences:

(Forage crops, Clover, Common Vetch crop, pasture, and Alfalfa)

1- ………….…. the grasses that cultivated in land area .

2- Gasspea it is one the type of ……….. crop.

3- Green fodder and feed manufactures are resulting from ……….

4- …………. Can be cutting by (5-7) per year and obtained heights green forage.

5- ………….. is produced more than 125 million ha in the world.



20. Extra notes:

نم تى گه تايبه كان به وێڵيه دانه روبوومه به گرنگى زياتر بدرێ به رێمى كوردستان پێويسته هه له كشتوكاڵىرتى بۆ پێشخستنى كه .اڵن بۆ ئاژهبۆ دابين كردنى خۆراكى پێويست ڕگاكان وه كان و له ئاليكيه هروبووم به گرنگى بدرێت به روها هه وه

21. Peer review ڵ‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌ی‌هاوه‌وه‌پێداچوونه This course book has to be reviewed and signed by a peer. The peer approves the contents of your course book by writing few sentences in this section. (A peer is person who has enough knowledge about the subject you are teaching, he/she has to be a professor, assistant professor, a lecturer or an expert in the field of your subject).

ند‌‌ند‌بکات‌و‌جه‌سه‌په‌‌که‌کانی‌کۆرسه‌ته‌ڕۆکی‌بابه‌یر‌بکرێت‌و‌ناوه‌سه‌‌وه‌کادیمیه‌ڵێکی‌ئه‌ن‌هاوه‌الیه‌بێت‌له‌ده‌‌م‌کۆرسبووکه‌ئه

.ر‌بکات‌سه‌و‌واژووی‌له‌که‌ڕۆکی‌کۆرسه‌ر‌شیاوی‌ناوه‌سه‌ک‌بنووسێت‌له‌یه‌هشوو .بێت‌متر‌نه‌مامۆستا‌که‌‌ی‌زانستی‌له‌بیت‌پله‌و‌ده‌‌که‌ر‌کۆرسه‌سه‌بێت‌له‌زانیاری‌هه‌‌که‌‌یه‌سه‌و‌که‌ڵ‌ئه‌هاوه

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