eqspertis azri

deokupaciis erTiani erovnuli strategia, rogorc qarTuli saxelmwifos gamaerTianebeli instrumenti

ratom gvWirdeba erovnuli mobilizaciis sistema

TinaTin xidaSeli

90

eqspertis azri

levan asaTiani

iranis islamuri respublikapolitikuri turbulentobis axali etapis dasawyisi

2017

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ÓÀØÀÒÈÅÄËÏÓ ÓÔÒÀÔÄÂÉÉÓÀ ÃÀ ÓÀÄÒÈÀÛÏÒÉÓÏ ÖÒÈÉÄÒÈÏÁÀÈÀ ÊÅËÄÅÉÓ ×ÏÍÃÉGEORGIAN FOUNDATION FOR STRATEGIC AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES

TinaTin xidaSeli

deokupaciis erTiani erovnuli strategia, rogorc qarTuli saxelmwifos gamaerTianebeli instrumenti

ratom gvWirdeba erovnuli mobilizaciis sistema?

90

publikacia daibeWda amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis saelCos finansuri mxardaWeriT. gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi ekuTvnis avtorebs da SeiZleba ar asaxavdes saelCos Tvalsazriss.

teqnikuri redaqtori: artem meliq-nubarovi

saavtoro uflebebi daculia da ekuTvnis saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis fonds. werilobiTi nebarTvis gareSe publikaciis arc erTi nawili ar SeiZleba gadaibeWdos aranairi, maT Soris eleqtronuli an meqanikuri, formiT. gamocemaSi gamoTqmuli mosazrebebi da daskvnebi ekuTvnis avtors/ebs da SeiZleba ar asaxavdes saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobebis kvlevis

fondis Tvalsazriss.

© saqarTvelos strategiisa da saerTaSoriso urTierTobaTa kvlevis fondi 2017 weli

ISSN 1512-4835 ISBN

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Sesavali

saqarTvelos nawilis okupaciis, rusuli „rbili Zalis“ momZlavrebis, Cvens samezobloSi mudmivad mzardi safrTxeebisa da partniorebsa da ruseTis federacias Soris daZabulobis axali, mzardi kerebis gaCenis kvalobaze kritikulad aucilebelia Seiqmnas saqarTveloSi deokupaciis strategiuli politikis erovnul konsensusze damyarebuli dokumenti.

Cveni winamdebare naSromi or ZiriTad amoca-nas emsaxureba: erTi, warmogidginoT argumentebi amgvari dokumentis aucileblobis dasasabuTeblad da meore, SemogTavazoT mosazrebebi erovnuli mobilizaciis srulfasovani gegmis, rogorc qveynis deokupaciis strategiis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani komponentis, Sesaxeb.

Cveni migneba namdvilad ar aris imis mtkiceba, rom saxelmwifos warmateba didwilad samoqalaqo da samxedro erTobis Sedegad miiRweva. mxolod amgvari erToba SegvaZlebinebs deokupacias da migvaaxlovebs Zlier, sakuTar Zalebsa da SesaZ-leblobebSi dar wmunebul saxelmwifosTan. oku-pacias marto Seia raRebuli Zalebi ver gaumklav- debian, miT ufro _ saqarTveloSi. deokupacia unda iyos saxelmwifos erTiani politikis Tanamdevi idea, samoqmedo gegma da strategiuli mizani. es uka- naskneli politikuri da sazogadoebrivi elitis warmomadgenelTa mxridan teleekranebze keklu-cobidan realur, Tanmimdevrul, nabij-nabij gan-saxorcielebel gegmebSi unda gadaizardos da yo-veldRiurobis fundamenturi Semadgeneli gaxdes.

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Cven SevecdebiT swored am erTobis miRwevis ideologiuri da instituciuri xedvis erT-erTi versia SemogTavazoT, vinaidan nebismier omSi gamarjvebisTvis SeiaraRebul Zalebs sakuTari mosaxleobis sruli da upirobo mxardaWera da ndoba sWirdeba.

Sesabamisad, Cven warmovadgenT, Tu rogori unda iyos an ar unda iyos saxelmwifo politika okupirebul qveyanaSi; rogor unda uzrunvel- vyoT samxedro-samoqalaqo TanamSromlobis insti- tuciuri mowyoba; rogor unda davicvaT balansi sayovelTao, totalur Tavdacvasa da sistemur, aucilebel mobilizacias Soris da sxva.

SevecdebiT argumentebi warmovadginoT imis dasasabuTeblad, Tu ratom ar aris mizanSewonili savaldebulo jari patara, mcire resursebis mqone qveynisTvis da ra sargebloba moaqvs sworad dagegmil, saxelmwifos mier waxalisebul, neba-yoflobiTi rezervisa da mobilizaciis sistemas.

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deokupaciis strategiis ganacxadi

2016 wels saqarTvelos SeiaraRebuli Zalebis 25 wlisTavi aRiniSna. ar arsebobs Cveni istoriis uZvelesi Tu Tanamedrove mniSvnelovani monakveTi, rodesac SeiaraRebuli Zalebis Tanamonawileobis gareSe qveyanas raime xelSesaxebi warmatebisTvis mieRwios. albaT Cveni Tavisuflebisa da TviT-myofadobisaken mudmivi swrafvis an ubralod geografiis bralia, magram qarTuli saxelmwifos istoria swored brZolis velze iwereboda.

berlinis kedlisa da sabWoTa kavSiris ngrevis kvaldakval saqarTvelom 25 umZimesi weli gaiara. qveynis erTi mexuTedi dResac okupirebulia. suverenuli, damoukidebeli saqarTvelos miwaze dRemde sami rusuli samxedro baza, tankebi da rusi jariskacebi dganan. suverenuli saqarTvelos teritoriaze okupanti qveynis ori `saelCoa~ gaxsnili da mteri swored fizikuri Zalis gamoyenebis muqariT xan `omobanas~ gveTamaSeba da xanac _ `saxlobanas~.

miuxedavad mowinaaRmdegis upirobo ricxob-rivi da finansuri upiratesobisa, gangrZobadi okupaciisa da saokupacio xazis mimdebared mcxovrebi mo qalaqeebis usafrTxoebis gadauW- reli amocanebis simravlisa, saqarTveloSi dRem-de ver vTanxmdebiT sakuTari SeiaraRebuli Zalebis arsze, struqturaze, ZiriTad miznebsa da amocanebze, jaris savaldebulo Tu nebayoflobiT profesionalur bunebaze, re zervisa da mobiliza-ciis gegmebsa Tu saWiroebaze, samxedro-samoqalaqo

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kavSiris gardauvalobaze da kidev bevr sxva didsa da patara sakiTxze. ufro metic, miuxedavad mudmivi reformisa da reformirebulis xelaxali reformisa, farTomasStabiani safuZvliani dis- kusia SeiaraRebuli Zalebis an, ufro farTod, Tavdacvisa da usafrTxoebis instituciuri sis-temis Sesaxeb arc ki gamarTula. qveyanam dRemde ver miaRwia konsensuss mtrebisa da megobrebis Taobaze, partniorobis qolgaze. dRemde arc saxelmwifos winaSe mdgari mTavari safrTxeebis Sesaxeb SevTanxmebulvarT.

imis gacnobiereba, rom 2017 wels saqarTvelos jer kidev ar aqvs dasrulebuli SeiaraRebuli Zalebis formirebis procesi da yoveli weli qarTuli jarisTvis jer kidev teqtonikuri cvlilebebis efeqtis matarebelia, rac mudmivad gvitovebs gancdas, rom SezRuduli resursebis da mSvidobis uzrunvelyofis argumentebs amofarebuli qarTuli saxelmwifos mmarTveli elita im omis molodinSia, romelsac aucileblad moigebs. Tavis motyueba Tu `Tvalis daxuWva~ safrTxes arc aqrobs da arc amcirebs da, rogorc wesi, umZimesi SedegebiT sruldeba. Cveni azriT, 2008 wels saqarTvelom amgvari politikis simZime da Sedegebi ukve gamoscada da amgvari strategia misTvis miuRebeli unda iyos.

iluzoruli omis molodini TavisTavad qmnis process, rodesac vijerebT, rom Tavidan avicilebT realur, gardauval brZolas sakuTari saxelmwifos SenarCunebisTvis.

ikiTxavT, ra aris warmosaxviTi, iluzoruli omi?

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warmosaxviTi omi iseTi saxelmwifo politikis, saxelisuflebo ritorikisa da moqmedebebis er - Tobliobaa, romlis Sedegadac

miuxedavad imisa, rom Seni qveynis okupacias TvaliT xedav da xeliT exebi, mtris xati dakarguli gaqvs;

okupanti TelavSi yurZnis krefisas keTilia, ufro metic, vaSlis krefisas gorSic ki keTilia, sargeblis momtania, xolo saCxereSi jonjolis krefis dros boroti xdeba;

`lukoilis~ benzini cota ukeTesia, SeiZleba odnav iafic Rirdes da swored amitom okupanti kvlavac sargeblis momtania da SeiZleba saxelmwifo biujetidanac ki gaviRoT fuli, Tumca rogorc ki Sen mier gadaxdili fuliT dafinansebul tanks, magaliTad, sofel jariaSenTan ramdenime metriT win gadmoagorebs, is isev boroti xdeba;

`gazpromi~, romelic Seni yvela partni-orisTvis kremlis mier warmoebuli omis mZlavri iaraRia, xolo masTan nebis mieri molaparakebis magida _ udidesi stra-tegiuli mniSvnelobis mqone usafr Txoebis gamowveva, SenTvis aTasidan erTi morigi xelSekrulebaa, usafrTxoebis daTvlas dolarSi iwyeb da sakuTari sisustis dasafarad okupants sargeblis momtanad warmoaCen;

rodesac ara mxolod moqmedebiT, aramed gan cxadebebiTac mis simSvideze zrunav,

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`ar gaRiziandes~ _ Seni ritorikis mTavari postulatia da Sendauneburad swored mtris mier dagegmili fsiqologiuri gavlenis operaciebis Tanamonawile xdebi.

mogonili, iluzoruli omi swored am da sxva msgavsi faqtorebis erTobliobiT Seqmnili procesia, rodesac ijereb, rom aseTi politikiT Tavs gaitan da qveynis deokupaciis an, ufro zustad, suverenitetis SenarCunebisTvis gadamwyveti brZo-la aRar mogiwevs, rodesac fizikuri konfronta-ciis, meti miwis dakargvis, meti sicocxlis daTmobis safrTxe meore planze inacvlebs da `SeumCnevlad darCenis~ bilikebze fexakrefiT siarulisas nabij-nabij aviwrovebs Tavisuflebis sazRvrebs.

saqarTvelo SeiZleba Tamamad miviCnioT im tipis qveynad, sadac mtris mier Seqmnili da gawerili e.w. `maTraxis da Taflakveris~ taqtika Tavad qarTuli Sida politikis saxelmZRvanelo dokumentad iqca. diax, saxelmwifom xeli ar unda SeuSalos sakuTari moqalaqeebis mcdelobebs, magaliTad, produqtis realizebis Tu momsaxurebis bazrebis gafarToebis gzaze, Tumca fundamenturad arasworia, rom saxelmwifo politika, okupanti qveynis dRis wesrigis Sesabamisad, masze da mo-kidebulebas axalisebdes. fundamenturad ara-sworia, politikuri sistema okupanti qveynis moqmedebebis an politikur-ekonomikuri nabijebis mimarT pozitiur sentimentebs avlendes maSin, roca qveyanaSi es saokupacio jari dgas da Sens moqalaqeebs da miwas TiTqmis yoveldRiurad itaceben.

amgvari mogonili, warmosaxviTi omis pirobebSi realuri sayrdeni da mteri `davkargeT~. ramdenad

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daujerebladac ar unda JRerdes, swored Cveni saxelmwifo politikis Sedegia, rom mosaxleobis erTi, mniSvnelovani nawili ruseTs saerTod ar miiCnevs mtrad, xolo meore nawilisTvis zRvari rusul sikeTesa da borotebas Soris gadRabnilia.

saqarTvelos, rogorc saxelmwifos, upirvelesi amocana unda gaxdes swored am warmosaxviTi omis Ziebis da masTan gamklavebis iluziis dasruleba. vinaidan miuxedavad imisa, Tu rogori iqneba rusuli biznesis interesebi saqarTveloSi an ramden kilogram xilsa da bostneuls gavyidiT moskovsa da rostovSi, kremlSi mainc sazeimo daxvedras mouwyoben TviTgamocxadebuli da maT mier saxelmwifoebad aRiarebuli teritoriuli warmo-naqmnebis `arCeul~ liderebs da afxazeTisa da cxinvalis regionis saqarTvelodan kidev ufro daSorebis gegmebis ganxorcielebas Tavdauzogavad ganagrZoben. xolo kargad gayiduli yoveli kilogrami xili da yoveli litri Rvino rusuli `rbili Zalis~ warmatebisa da okupaciis mniSvnelovani instrumenti iqneba mudam da verc erT SemTxvevaSi qarTuli saxelmwifo mas sakuTari sasicocxlod mniSvnelovani saxelmwifoebrivi interesebisa da suverenitetis gamyarebisTvis ver gamoiyenebs. amasTanave, `wamatebuli~ savaWro-ekonomikuri proeqtis moqmedebis gasaRebi srulad da ualternativod rusuli saxelmwifos xelSi darCeba, saWiroebisamebr Caketva-gaxsnis funqciiT.

Cvens warmosaxvaSi Seqmnili iluzoruli omis scenarebTan gamklaveba, sadac mteric ki ar gvyavs, jars simboluri, TiTqmis holistikuri funqciiT acocxlebs, rogorc Cveni mravalsaukunovani sagmiro istoriis dasturs da xelSesaxeb magaliTs.

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Telavelma an gurjaanelma samxedro mosamsaxurem, romelic ruseTTan SesaZlo omisTvis unda emzadebodes, zustad icis, rom swored im ruseTis damsaxurebiTaa, rom misi ojaxi Tvidan Tvemde Tavs irCens, icis, rom misi mSoblebis Sromis dafasebis da kargi mosavlis gasaRebis SesaZlebloba qarTul Rvinoze Seyvarebuli rusi biznesmenis xelSia. Sesabamisad, advilad dasanaxia problemis masStabic.

es yvelaferi ki xels uSlis brZolisunariani SeiaraRebuli Zalebis formirebis process, mis modernizaciasa da progress, gvakargvinebs ganviTarebisaTvis umniSvnelovanes wlebs da milionobiT lars isedac mwiri an TiTqmis ararsebuli resursebis pirobebSi. kidev ufro mniSvnelovania, rom es SeuZlebels xdis samxedro-samoqalaqo urTierTkavSiris efeqtur institu-ciur mowyobas, rac saboloo jamSi saomari moqmedebebis dros SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mimarT samoqalaqo mosaxleobis sruli da upirobo mxardaWeris sisusteSi aisaxeba.

Cven unda SevwyvitoT Zebna omisa, romelsac aucileblad movigebT, da vemzadoT omisTvis, romelic ufro mosalodnelia mowinaaRmdegis SesaZleblobebis, ambiciebis da potencialis gaT va-liswinebiT. faqtobrivad imperativia, yoveli dRe da yoveli TeTri im gzebis ZiebisTvis ixarjebodes, romelic realuri safrTxeebis pirobebSi Cveni qveynis deokupaciasa da Zlier saxelmwifod gadaqcevasTan dagvaaxlovebs. okupacias mxolod SeiaraRebuli Zalebi ver gaumklavdebian, miT ufro, saqarTveloSi. deokupacia saxelmwifo poli-tikis Tanmdevi idea unda iyos, samoqmedo gegma

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da strategiuli mizani. sul ufro intensiuri, momTxovni, proaqtiuri da ambiciuri unda gavxadoT Cveni Sida nacionaluri da saerTaSoriso dRis wesrigi, mudam unda viyoT movlenebis epicentrSi da sakuTari qveynis gadarCenisTvis unda gamoviyenoT yvela upiratesoba, romelic saqarTvelos aqvs.

miznis misaRwevad ki yvelaferi strategiuli xedviT, erTiani samxedro-samoqalaqo strategiuli proeqtiT unda daviwyoT. qveviT warmogidgenT Cvens xedvas deokupaciis strategiuli ganacxadis realizebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani komponentis _ saerTo-erovnuli mobilizaciis sistemis Sesaxeb, romelic qarTuli saxelmwifo politikis da moqmedebis umniSvnelovanesi komponenti unda gaxdes.

rezervisa da mobilizaciis sistema

saqarTvelos winaSe mdgari usafrTxoebis amo- canebis analizi cxadyofs, rom erovnuli Tavdacvis sistemis srulyofilad funqcioni-rebisaTvis umniSvnelovanesi _ saqarTvelos Seia-raRebuli Zalebis regularuli komponentis gan-viTareba _ sakmarisi ar aris.

dRevandelobis absoluturi aucileblobaa moqnili, efeqtiani da xelmisawvdomi mobili-zaciisa da rezervis sistemis arseboba, romelic imavdroulad qveynis samSoblos dacvis kon-stituciiT ganmtkicebul valdebulebasac exmianeba da Tanabrad gavrceldeba saqarTvelos yvela moqalaqeze.

saqarTveloSi profesiuli regularuli armiis paralelurad mZlavri rezervis sistemis Ca mo-

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yalibeba warmoadgens gansakuTrebiT saSur amocanas, sadac gasaTvaliswinebelia ramdenime faqtori, kerZod:

1. saqarTvelos regionSi yvelaze mcirericxo-vani samxedro kontingenti hyavs;

2. saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis tempisa da potencialis gaTvaliswinebiT, mokle da saSualovadian perseqtivaSi Tavdacvis gaZlierebis xarjebis gansakuTrebuli zrda mosalodneli ar aris;

3. SeiaraRebuli Zalebis resursebis zrda, mwiri biujetis pirobebSi, mniSvnelovnad partniorebis daxmarebazea damokidebuli da, Sesabamisad, grZelvadiani dagegmvis Se saZleblobas ar iZleva;

4. saqarTvelos winaSe mdgari usafrTxoebis gamowvevebi mudmivad izrdeba, xolo qveynis Tavdacvisunarianobis simtkicis uzrunvel-yofa, eqskluziurad Tavdacvis saministros resursebiT, SeuZlebeli da miuRweveli amocanaa;

5. mxolod kargad ganviTarebuli, masobrivi da profesionaluri, nebayoflobaze dafuZ-nebuli rezervis sistema qmnis srulfasovan samxedro-samoqalaqo TanamSromlobas, rome-lic samxedro operaciebis dros gamarjvebis umTavresi sawindari da Cveni qveynis mTavari resursia.

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Sesabamisad, logikuria, rom qveyanaSi arsebuli resursebis sruli, strategiuli Tavmoyra moxdes. efeqturi sistemis pirobebSi procesi ormxriv sasargeblo da momgebiania, vinaidan Sedegad viRebT:

1. SeiaraRebuli Zalebis samoqalaqo mxarda-Weras samxedro operaciebis dros da

2. SeiaraRebuli Zalebis daxmarebas samoqa- laqo xelisuflebisaTvis, magaliTad, buneb-rivi katastrofebis dros.

mobilizaciisa da rezervis sistema kidev ufro saSuri da mniSvnelovani instrumenti xdeba SezRuduli resursebis pirobebSi, vinaidan swori strategiuli xedviTa da dagegmviT mobilizaciis sistema resursebis simwiris wnexs amcirebs da SeiaraRebul Zalebs met moqnilobas sZens. amasTanave, swored SezRuduli resursebis gamo SeuZlebelia efeqturi rezervisa da mobilizaciis sistemis dResve srulad amoqmedeba da misi war- mateba mxolod etapobrivi procesis Sedegad gaxdeba Tvalxiluli. swored amitom, upirveles yovlisa, sawyis etapzeve zustad ganisazRvros:

1. ra amocanis Sesasruleblad vqmniT sistemas?

2. rogoria saboloo produqti, romlis mSe-neblobasac emsaxureba yoveli safexuri?

3. rogoria instituciuri marTvis sistema, romelic kompetenturi da uflebamosili iqneba, saWiroebisamebr ganaxorcielos misi adaptacia qveyanaSi da regionSi ganviTare-buli samxedro-politikuri viTarebisa da axali gamowvevebis Sesabamisad?

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4. rogoria finansuri mobilizaciis gegma?

5. amgvari midgoma saSualebas miscems samoqalaqo struqturebs sakuTari saWiroebebisa da erTiani saxelmwifo mobilizaciis gegmis amocanebis Sesabamisad dagegmon Sesyidvebi, samuSaoebi da sxvadasxva RonisZiebebi.

mobilizacia saerTo-saxelmwifoebrivi feno-menia da gulisxmobs qveynis mosaxleobis, ekono-mikisa da saxelmwifo institutebis usafrTxoebis mizniT qveyanaSi arsebuli yvela resursis Tav- moyras SeiaraRebuli Zalebis maqsimaluri mzad-yofnis uzrunvelsayofad. mobilizacia Tavis- Tavad gulisxmobs qveynis mosaxleobis, ekono- mikisa da saxelmwifo institutebis srul CarTulobas da Tanamonawileobas warmatebis misaRwevad.

saxelmwifosa da moqalaqeebis urTierTobis sxvadasxva sferoSi yoveldRiurad iqmneba urTi- erTdamokidebulebis magaliTebi, romlebic araf- riT gansxvavdeba samxedro-samoqalaqo TanamSrom-lobis warmatebisTvis aucilebeli analogiuri moTxovnebisgan. magaliTad, samSeneblo nebarTvis miReba mxolod koeficientis an gamosayenebeli samSeneblo konstruqciis mdgradobis moTxovnebiT ar unda Semoifarglebodes da aucilebelia sa- xanZro da saswrafo daxmarebis manqanis srulfaso-vani moqmedebisTvis sivrcis arseboba, parkirebis uzrunvelyofa, gamwvaneba da sxva. anu imisaTvis, rom Tqvens sakuTrebaSi arsebul miwaze TqvenTvis sasurveli mSenebloba wamoiwyoT, qalaqi gaval-debulebT saxanZro usafrTxoebis, gamwvanebis, sisufTavis dacvis da sxva msgavsi sazogadoebrivi

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saWiroebisaTvis aucilebeli pirobebis Sesru-lebas. zustad analogiur principebs, kerZo-sajaro, samxedro-samoqalaqo struqturebis erTobliv moq-medebasa da RonisZiebebs unda daefuZnos qveynis generaluri mobilizaciis strategia da misi aRsrulebis gegmebi.

amgvari SeTanxmebuli da urTierTdamoki-debuli gegmis arseboba aucilebelia infrastruq- turuli an energetikuli proeqtebis ganxor-cielebisaTvis, rodesac yoveli xidi an gvirabi iseve, rogorc mcire da didi zomis hesi, samxedro moqmedebebis dros TavdacviT zRuded SeiZleba iqces an piriqiT _ Tavdasxmis dros efeqturi Setevis ganxorcielebis winapirobad.

kidev erTi magaliTi saWiroebis ukeT dasana-xad: masobrivi, sruli mobilizacia TavisTavad gulisxmobs winaswar gansazRvrul adgilebSi rezervistebis swraf Sekrebas. Sesabamisad, amocanis warmatebiT SesrulebisTvis umniSvnelovanesia sxvadasxva dasaxlebul punqtSi, gansakuTrebiT, samobilizacio centrebidan moSorebiT arsebuli satransporto potencialis, erTi mxriv, sruli aRricxva da, meore mxriv, maTi gamoyenebis zusti gegmis arseboba. aseTi saSualebebi SeiZleba iyos municipalur sakuTrebaSi arsebuli sazo- gadoebrivi transporti, municipaluri nebarTvebisa da licenziis mqone kerZo sakuTrebaSi arsebuli transporti, saskolo transporti, sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis teqnika da sxva. mobi-lizaciis masStabis da saWiroebidan gamomdinare, sqemaSi kerZo pirebis sakuTrebaSi arsebuli satransporto saSualebebic unda iyos CarTuli.

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rodesac vlaparakobT sayovelTao mobilizaciiis gegmaze, ganxiluli magaliTis pirobebSi koncefcia gulisxmobs arsebuli satransporto saSualebebis srul inventarizacias, licenziasa da nebarTvebis sistemas, daqvemdebarebuli transportis pirobebis dadgenas, maTi gamoyenebis mkacrad gaweril grafiks da zustad gansazRvrul wesebsa da pirobebs.

generaluri samobilizacio gegma Tavis TavSi moicavs sruli informaciis Tavmoyras, sistematizacias, gamoyenebis dagegmvas da zianis anazRaurebas yvela im resursisa da saSualebisTvis, romelic mobilizaciis pirobebSi Tavdacvis aucilebeli komponenti xdeba. strategiuli gegma srulyofilad unda pasuxobdes safrTxeebis xarisxisa da saWiroebebis masStabebs. Sesabamisad, imis mixedviT, cxaddeba a) nawilobrivi, b) sruli Tu g) sayovelTao mobilizacia, yvela subieqtma winaswar unda icodes misi moqmedebis konkretuli scenari.

mobilizaciis xasiaTis Sesabamisad da qvemoT mocemuli TanmimdevrobiT generaluri samobili-zacio gegmis srulyofili Semadgeneli nawilebia:

9 SeiaraRebuli Zalebi

9 yvela Zalovani uwyeba

9 saministroebi da departamentebi

9 municipalitetebi

9 sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi

9 kerZo samarTlis iuridiuli pirebi

9 kerZo pirebi

18

infrastruqtura, transporti da sxva mate-rialuri saSualebebi funqcias iZens im SemTvevaSi, Tuki arsebobs Sesabamisi sakadro resursi, romelsac SeuZlia am SesaZleblobebis amocanis Sesabamisad gamoyeneba. mobilizaciis sayovelTao xasiaTis gaTvaliswinebiT, umniSvnelovanesia moqalaqeebis unarebi maqsimalurad sworad da adekvaturad iyos mimarTuli dasaxuli amocanebis Sesasruleblad. sistemis adekvaturoba ki niSnavs, rom adamians imis keTeba mosTxovo, rac icis an yvelaze ukeT gamouva. imavdroulad, absoluturad imperatiulia siste-mis gamWvirvaloba, samarTlianoba, Tanasworoba da nebayoflobiToba, vinaidan mxolod am SemTxvevaSia SesaZlebeli maRali motivaciisa da xarisxis uz-runvelyofa, rac warmatebis umniSvnelovanesi ganmsazRvrelia.

swored amitom aris sasurveli, rom Tavad sarezervo sistema sam kategoriad Camoyalibdes da Sesabamisad gadanawildes qveyanaSi arsebuli resursic. es kategoriebia:

1. regularuli jaris rezervi;

2. teritoriuli rezervi, ZiriTadad SeiaraRe-buli Zalebis damxmare funqciebis Sesas-ruleblad;

3. specialistebis/profesionaluri rezervi.

Tavad saxelwodebebic migvaniSnebs mTavar damaxasiaTebel an ganmasxvavebel niSan-Tvisebebze. Tuki regularuli jaris rezervis SemTxvevaSi laparakia profesiuli jaris rezervze, Sesabamisad, misi ZiriTadi amocana sabrZolo operaciebis dros danakargebis Sevseba da brZolis velze myofi

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kontingentis gaZlierebaa. dakompleqtebisas kri- teriumia samxedro saqmeSi kvalificiuroba, SeiaraRebul ZalebTan Tavsebadoba, janmrTeloba da fizikuri mdgomareoba. rezervSi Caricxva xdeba sakontraqto-samxedro samsaxuris dasrulebidan garkveuli drois manZilze (5- an 7-wliani vada) da es pirebi unda akmayofilebdnen samxedro samsaxurisaTvis dadgenil normebs. regularuli jaris rezervSi aseve SeiZleba im pirebis Caricxva, vinc sxva gasamxedroebuli uwyebebidan arian daTxovili. magaliTad: Sinagan saqmeTa saministros gansakuTrebul davalebaTa departamentis sam- xedro mosamsaxureebidan an sagangebo situaciis departamentidan da sxva. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom swored saerTo erovnuli mobilizaciis miznebis Sesabamisad, maTi momzadebis sistema Tavsebadia saqarTvelos SeiaraRebul ZalebTan.

teritoriul rezervSi Casaricxi pirebisaTvis, specifikis gaTvaliswinebiT, SeiZleba SedarebiT msubuqi moTxovnebi dawesdes. gaizardos sakon-traqto samxedro samsaxuris dasrulebis Semdeg gasuli wlebis raodenoba, SesaZlebelia Cairicxon is pirebi, visac saerTod ar aqvs gavlili samxedro samsaxuri, Tumca maTi profesiuli gamocdilebis gaTvaliswinebiT mniSvnelovani samuSaoebis Ses-ruleba SeuZliaT sagangebo da saomari moqmedebebis dros: magaliTad, alpinistebi, gidebi, geologebi, samoqalaqo mfrinavebi da sxva.

dabolos, specialistebis profesiuli re- zervi gansakuTrebiT saintereso, masStaburi da Rirebuli komponentia samobilizacio samsa-xurisTvis, vinaidan igi saSualebas iZleva qveynis

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TavdacviTi amocanebis Sesrulebis samsaxurSi aRmoCndes nebismieri profesiis, codnisa da gamocdilebis mqone adamiani, vinc arsebuli gamowvevebis Sesabamisad mobilizaciis sistemiT gansazRvruli drois manZilze Tavdacvisunarianobis gegmis ganxorcielebis Tanamonawile xdeba. aseTebi SeiZleba iyvnen eqimebi, kiberspecialistebi, inJin-rebi, fsiqologebi, Tarjimnebi da sxva.

Tanamedrove jari ciklSi `kbilebamde Sei-araRebuli wina xazis jariskacidan zurgis mxardaWeramde~ daaxloebiT 1:10-Tan Sefardebas gvaZlevs, sadac wina xazze mebrZoli erTi samxedro mosamsaxuris warmatebas daaxloebiT 8-9 damxmare emsaxureba. realur cxovrebaSi es imas niSnavs, rom dRes samxedro samsaxurSi myofTa udides umravlesobas SesaZloa arasodes mouwios brZolis velze iaraRiT xelSi samSoblos dacva da imave amocanas sakuTari samuSao adgilidan moemsaxuros. swored Secvlili realobebis da omis gansxvavebuli, ganviTarebuli da maRalteqnologiuri dinamikis gaTvaliswinebiT, dRes ise, rogorc arasdros, efeqturi rezervis samsaxuris Seqmna, rotaciiT da zustad gawerili amocanebiT resursebis dazogviT umaRlesi xarisxis Sedegis miRebis SesaZleblobas iZleva.

Tavdacvis amocanebisa da konkretuli mdgo-mareobis gaTvaliswinebiT, sarezervo samsaxuris yvela kategoriisTvis SesaZlebelia dadgindes gansakuTrebuli pirobebi. rogorc ukve aRiniSna, rezervis gamoyeneba xdeba ara mxolod Tavdacvis RonisZiebebisTvis, aramed yvela viTarebaSi, maT Soris, rodesac SeiaraRebul Zalebs aqvs damxmare

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funqcia, kerZod, bunebrivi katastrofebis gamo sagangebo mdgomareobis gamocxadebis dros. Sesa- bamisad, swored konkretuli amocanebis gaTva-liswinebiT, regularuli jaris rezervSi Cai-ricxebian is pirebic, visi sakontraqto samsaxuri-dan daTxovnidan dadgenil vadaze metia gasuli, im SemTxvevaSi, Tuki samxedro specialobebze deficituri moTxovnaa da sxva.1

nebayoflobiTi samxedro samsaxuri, srulad profesiuli armia

savaldebulo, anu iZulebiTi gawvevis sistemaze laparakisas SesaZlebelia aTeulobiT argumentis moyvana, qveynis dRevandeli mdgomareobis, saval-debulo samsaxurSi wvevamdelebis SesaZleblobebis realuri gamoyenebisa da maTi fsiqologiuri mdgomareobidan gamomdinare. SesaZlebelia mo-vixmoT statistika, romelic wvevamdelebSi TviT-mkvlelobis mcdelobis ukiduresad SemaSfoTebel suraTs gvaZlevs, aseve gamwvevi struqturebis mixedviT ganvixiloT 18-19 wlis biWebis iZulebiTi Sromis grafiki, romelsac araferi aqvs saerTo samxedro samsaxuris gavlasa da qveynis samsaxurTan. aseve mniSvnelovania sistemis usamarTlobazec visaubroT, rodesac gawvevis asakis ramdenime aTeuli aTasi axalgazrdidan mxolod mexuTeds gaiwveven, rac nepotizmis da arajansaRi urTierTobis uzarmazar sivrces qmnis moqalaqeebs, samxedro komisariatebsa da wvevamdelTa mimReb saminis- troebs Soris. Tumca, vfiqrobT, yvelaze ufro rTul Temebze pasuxi SeiZleba martivi kiTxvebiT vipovoT.

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rogor viqceviT, rodesac problemis winaSe aRmovCndebiT? ganvixiloT standartuli situa- ciebi, rodesac safrTxis gancda matulobs da daxmarebas veZebT.

avadmyofobis dros _ profesional, codni-Ta da gamocdilebiT SeiaraRebul eqims vendobiT;

16 wlis mozardis saxlidan yoveli gasvlis dros _ Cveni daqiravebuli profesionali policiis imedad varT;

saSualo skolaSi _ SesaZlo konfliqtis prevenciisTvis pedagogebs ar vendeT da usafrTxoebis da wesrigis uzrunvelsayofad mandaturis specialuri, profesiuli samsa-xuri SevqmeniT;

magram, rodesac aRmosavleT-dasavleTis ma-gistralze vmoZraobT da ucxo qveynis droSis siluets vxedavT, romelic imave droSis saxelmwifos tankebiT aris gamagrebuli, 18-19 wlis axalgazrdebis imedad varT, romlebic maTi nebis sawinaaRmdegod movwyviteT ojaxs an sayvarel saqmes, forma CavacviT, xelSi iaraRi miveciT da sisxlis ukanasknel wveTamde samSoblos dacva davavaleT.

individualuri, Cveni ojaxisken momarTuli safrTxis ganeitraleba da uaresis prevencia _ ukve saukuneze metia am saqmisTvis specialurad gawvrTnili da daqiravebuli adamianebis armiis-Tvis gvaqvs mindobili. ar maxsendeba vinmes kiTxva gasCenodes profesionali sagzao an kriminaluri policiis arsebobis gamo. ufro metic, Cvens

23

Soris yvelaze saxelmwifoebrivad moazrovneni mudmivad policiis biujetis zrdas da, Sesabamisad, met profesionalizms, met wvrTnas, ganaTlebas, gamocdilebas iTxoven. albaT aravis gifiqriaT, rom Tqveni yoveldRiuri usafrTxoebiT SesaZloa gamoucdeli da moumzadebeli 18-19 wlis gogo- biWebi dakavdnen, romlebsac yovelgvari motiva- ciisa da interesis gareSe policielis formas Caacmeven, iaraRs miscemen da yoveldRiuri kriminalisgan Tqveni usafrTxoebis dacvas daavaleben.

axla ki kvlav samxedro samsaxurs davubrundeT. vfiqrob, mxolod gonivruli da gamarTlebulia qveynis dacvis samsaxurSi myof adamianebs, romlebic Tavisi cxovrebis nebismier momentSi SesaZloa brZolis velze aRmoCndnen, zustad iseTive pasuxismgeblobiT SevxedoT, rogorc maT, vinc Cvens individualur usafrTxoebas icavs yoveldRiurad.

samxedro samsaxuri, miuxedavad imisa, sad da ra funqciiT emsaxurebiT qveyanas, gansakuTrebuli siamayisa da kmayofilebis gancdas aCens. igi gansakuTrebul codnasa da gamocdilebas gvaZlevs da Tavdajerebuli, maRali disciplinisa da moralis mqone pirovnebis Camoyalibebas uwyobs xels. regularuli jari disciplinisa da gamZleobis mudmivi gamocdaa, Tumca, Cveulebriv, pirveli rigis samxedro profesiebis garda, SeiaraRebul ZalebSi arian eqimebi, iuristebi, inJinrebi, pedagogebi, Tarjimnebi da bevri sxva profesiis adamianebi, romlebsac samoqalaqo samsaxurSi, sicocxlisTvis riskis gareSe, sruliad mSvidad SeuZliaT Tavisi da ojaxis wevrebis momavlis uzrunvelyofa. magram es adamianebi irCeven samxedro samsaxurs. profesias,

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romelic uyvarT, moswonT, eamayebaT, sadac izrdebian, swavloben, met gamocdilebas iZenen da, Sesabamisad, izrdeba maTi SesaZleblobebi da statusic. didsa da patara qveynebSi, mSvid da agresiul samezobloebSi axalgazrdebi yovel-dRiurad akeTeben arCevans samxedro samsaxuris sasargeblod. analogiuri viTarebaa saqarTve-loSic. sakontraqto samsaxurSi gawvevis msurveli mravaljer aRemateba gasawvevTa raodenobas, rac gamarTuli menejmentis pirobebSi umniSvnelovanesi resursia saxelmwifosTvis.

ramdenime faqti, romelic, erTi SexedviT, SeiZleba urTierTgamomricxavic ki mogveCvenos:

sakontraqto samsaxurSi gawvevis msurvelTa raodenoba Zalian maRalia. moTxovnis aseTi xarisxi, bunebrivia, imiTac aris gamowveuli, rom jari dasaqmebis yvelaze realuri, ramdenime wliT garantirebuli SesaZleblobaa da axalgazrdebis erTi nawili swored samsaxuris Zebnis gzaze icvams samxedro formas.

aqve isic aRsaniSnavia, rom swavlebis in-tensiuri grafikis, fizikuri datvirTvisa da samxedro mosamsaxurisaTvis wayenebuli moTxovnebidan gamomdinare, sakmaod maRa-lia samsaxuris pirveli wlis manZilze TviTdaTxovnilTa ricxvi, rac erTgvari bunebrivi gadarCevis SesaZleblobaa da Sedegad ZiriTadad is kontingenti rCeba, vinc samxedro samsaxurisTvis vargisia da amas karierad irCevs;

25

aradamakmayofilebelia samxedro-saganma-na Tleblo dawesebulebebSi (saqarTveloSi an mis farglebs gareT) ganaTlebis miRebis Semdeg jarSi darCenili samxedroebis raodenoba, rac, erTi mxriv, adasturebs samxedro saswavlebelSi kargi ganaTlebis miRebis maRal molodins, magram, meore mxriv, xazs usvams SeiaraRebuli Zalebis piradi Semadgenlobis dagegmvisa da kadrebis marTvis politikis naklovanebas;

uzarmazari problemaa sxvadasxva saWiro profesiis specialistebis mozidva jarSi, ris gamoc Zalze grZelia iSviaTi da deficituri profesiebis sia.

amrigad, es da sxva msgavsi faqtobrivi garemoebebi Tavad gvibiZgebs mravalsafexuriani, inovaciuri gadawyvetilebebis miRebisken. rodesac SeiaraRebul ZalebSi piradi Semadgenlobis marTvis politika ar iqneba sworxazovani da yvela migvyavs, aravin migvyavs an, kidev uaresi, spontanuri sakadro politikis principze awyobili.

dasawyisisTvis ramdenime mniSvnelovani maxa- siaTebeli SeiZleba SemovitanoT, romlebic arse-buli realobis gaumjobesebaSic dagvexmareba da resursebis efeqturad gamoyenebasac ganapirobebs:

1. ar vauqmebT jarSi gawvevis sistemas, is konkretulad gawerilia da arsebobs. vauqmebT gawvevis iZulebas saxelmwifos mier dadgenili drois grafikiT.

2. konstituciiT gansazRvruli samxedro sam-saxuris moxdis dro da forma mTlianad

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moqalaqis arCevaniT dgindeba da is Tanabrad vrceldeba axalgazrdebze, sqesis miuxedavad.

3. SeiaraRebuli Zalebis interesebidan ga-momdinare, axalgazrdebs eZlevaT SesaZ-lebloba skolis damTavrebis Semdeg swavla ganagrZon Tavdacvis amocanebisaTvis ga-mocxadebuli stipendiebis programiT, rac, bunebrivia, SemdgomSi maTi da SeiaraRebuli Zalebis urTierTobis ganmsazRvreli pirobaa.

4. samxedro samsaxuris moxda SesaZlebelia damtkicebuli rezervisa da mobilizaciis wesebis Sesabamisad, rac imasac niSnavs, rom axalgazrdas SeuZlia airCios, magaliTad, profesiul rezervSi samsaxuri, winaswar gansazRvruli amocanebis Sesasruleblad. aseTi SeiZleba iyos, magaliTad, 2 wlis manZilze, SeTanxmebuli grafikiT (saval-debulo dReebis raodenoba) quTaisSi, samxedro liceumSi, curvis instruqtorad samsaxuri. liceumi zogavs instruqtoris daqiravebisaTvis gamoyofil resurs da sxva saWiroebisaTvis iyenebs, axalgazrda samsaxuris savaldebulo minimums eufleba da paralelurad iZens arasrulwlovnebTan muSaobis gamocdilebasa da damatebiT profesias.

5. samxedro valdebulma axalgazrdam sam-saxuri SeiZleba moixados saxelmwifos mier SeTavazebuli nebismieri formiT, Tavis arCeul teritoriaze, Tavisi Sedgeni- li grafikiTa da inetersebisa da SesaZleb-lobebis mixedviT. aseTi samxedro samsaxuri mravalmxriv momgebiania. aTavisuflebs uwyebis konkretul finansur resursebs,

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axalgazrda iRebs im unarebs, rac wesebis Sesabamisad savaldebulod gawerilia da bolos sargebels iRebs konkretuli pro-fesiis dauflebiTa Tu gamocdilebis SeZeniT. magaliTad, misive gadawyvetilebiT, SeTavazebuli alternativebidan SeiZleba airCios satanko qarxanaSi msaxureba, rac TavisTavad gulisxmobs misTvis savaldebu-lo profesiuli unarebisa da codnis gadacemas.

6. sakontraqto samsaxurSi pirveli gawvevis dros, sawyisi sabrZolo momzadebis peri- odSi, samxedro mosamsaxure sargeblobs dazRvevis, kvebis da samxedro mosamsa-xurisTvis gankuTvnili yvela momsaxurebiT da SeRavaTiT, aunazRaurdeba mgzavrobis xarjebi, Tumca ar iRebs xelfass.

es mxolod mcire CamonaTvalia im SeTavazebebisa, romlebic SesaZlebels gaxdis, rom konstituciiT gansazRvruli savaldebulo _ samxedro samsaxuri yvelasaTvis sasargeblo iyos da mTlianad gan-Tavisufldes iZulebisa da monuri Sromisgan.

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daskvna

safrTxeebisa da gamowvevebis zrdis kvaloba-ze demokratiuli saxelmwifoebi usafrTxoebis ganmtkicebisa da mSvidobis uzrunvelyofis ino-vaciur, mudmiv ganviTarebaze orientirebul sistemebsa da TviTorganizebis axal modelebze msjeloben. bolo 25-30 wlis manZilze SesaZloa pirvelad msoflios dRis wesrigi kvlavac usafrTxoebis TemebiT aris gajerebuli da yvela-ze meti msjeloba da finansuri resursi swo- red misi gajansaRebis, ukeTesi garemos SenarCunebisken aris mimarTuli.

dRes yvela SeTanxmebulia, rom Tuki qolera gitevs, yvela mimdinare proeqtis mniSvnelobis miuxedavad, ar unda dagvaviwydes, rom qolera dasamarcxelebelia, ufro metic, misi damarcxeba pirvelxarisxovani amocanaa da yvela sxva saq-mis keTebisas unda gvaxsovdes, rom qoleris damarcxebis gareSe araviTari gansakuTrebuli garRveva mosalodneli ar aris. Sesabamisad, masTan brZola unda iyos Tanmdevi komponenti, gamWoli xazi yvela saqmeSi. yvelas gacnobierebuli gvaqvs safrTxe, romlis damarcxebis gareSec yvelaze ufro warmatebuli gegmebi da strategiebic ki gverdze dagvrCeba da mosaxleobasac ver gadavarCenT.

amasTanave, swori da warmatebuli strategiuli marTvisTvis umniSvnelovanesia gvaxsovdes, rom am brZolis paralelurad saxelmwifom srulfasovani funqcionireba unda ganagrZos, misi arsebobis safuZveli, instituciuri fundamenti ar unda Seiryes. qolera ar SeiZleba iqces argumentad, romelic miznis misaRwevad yvela saSualebas

29

amarTlebs, kanonis uzenaesobas xelyofs, Tanas-worobis da samarTlianobis gancdas gaaqrobs. vinaidan SeiZleba erT dRes aRmovaCinoT, rom mosaxleoba erTi gansacdelisgan mxolod imitom davixseniT, rom meore aranaklebi gansacdelis winaSe damdgariyo.

saxelmwifo warmatebas mxolod maSin aRwevs, rodesac sworad axdens realobis, arsebuli safrTxeebis, Tavisi SesaZleblobebisa da yvelaze mniSvnelovani interesebis prioritetizacias, Sesa-bamisad, adgens strategiul gegmas da ayalibebs taqtikur amocanebs, rodesac aaSkaravebs da yvela Rones xmarobs, rom xeli ki ar Seuwyos, aramed gaumklavdes usafrTxoebis mTavar gamowvevas. isev da isev, Tuki qolera gvitevs, swored masTan brZola, misi damarcxeba da Semdgomi prevencia xdeba saxelmwifo strategiis mTavari amocana, romelsac ara qaosiT, aramed instituciuri wesrigiTa da principuli politikiT vupirispirdebiT, vgegmavT da vxarjavT swored misi damarcxebis amocanebidan gamomdinare da ara wayruebisa Tu waxalisebisTvis.

Cveni amocana iyo qolerasTan, Cvens SemTxvevaSi _ okupaciasTan, brZolis farTo frontis SemoTavazeba,

o rodesac saxelmwifo da misi warmomadgen-lebi erTiani, winaswar SeTanxmebuli stra-tegiuli gegmiT moqmedeben gamarjvebis mTavari pirobis, Sida saxelmwifoebrivi konsensusis da mosaxleobis upirobo mxar-daWeris mosapoveblad;

o rodesac SeiaraRebuli Zalebi, misi aqtiuri da pasiuri SemadgeneliT, swored am erTiani gegmis mniSvnelovani, magram mainc mxolod erTi nawilia;

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o rodesac mosaxleoba deokupaciis saxel-mwifo strategiis Tanamonawile da mesa-kuTrea;

o rodesac mters `rbili ZaliT~ gamarjve- bis da saqarTvelos mosaxleobis `gulis mogebis~ iluziac ki aRar rCeba.

samwuxarod, qveyana, romelsac ara aqvs deokupaciis naTeli da gamWvirvale saerTo-erovnuli politika, saxelmwifo usafrTxoebisaTvis kritikulad aucilebel xarjebze ekonomias swevs da saerTaSoriso asparezze TavSekavebis politikiT gamoirCeva, ukeTes SemTxvevaSi mxolod gardauvalis gadavadebas axerxebs da verafriT _ umTavresi safrTxis Tavidan acilebas. dabneuli da mtris xatdakarguli mosaxleoba ki mtrisTvis gagzavnili Ria mosawvevia Semdgomi intervenciisa da ZaladobisTvis.

rezervisa da mobilizaciis erTiani erovnuli strategia da damtkicebuli programa unda iTvliswinebdes konkretul sqemas Semdegi kategoriebis mixedviT:

1) kvalifikacia;2) namsaxureobis wlebi;3) rezervSi savaldebulo samsaxuris individualuri vadebisa da

grafikis dadgenis wesebi;4) regularuli sabrZolo da samobilizacio wvrTnebi;5) samobilizacio Sekrebebi: Ria da faruli mobilizacia;6) saerTaSoriso misiebSi monawileobis SesaZlebloba da sxva.aRsaniSnavia, rom am SemTxvevaSi Cveni miznebisTvis konkretuli

monacemebi kritikulad mniSvnelovani ar aris. swored amitom SevecadeT mkiTxvelis yuradReba mxolod startegiulad mniSvne-lovanze SegveCerebina. kerZod, rezervisa da mobilizaciis erTiani erovnuli startegiis damtkicebis aucileblobaze, misi gamarTuli muSaobis fundamentur saWiroebaze, resursebis Tavmoyrisa da mobilizaciis prioritetulobasa da Tavad mobilizaciis sistemis ZiriTad maxasiaTeblebze.