delta abap workbench 4.0 to 4.6

7/29/2019 Delta ABAP Workbench 4.0 to 4.6

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n System R/3

n Release 4.6B

n July 2000

n Material Number 50038044


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n Microsoft , Windows , NT , PowerPoint , WinWord , Excel , Project , SQL-Server , Multimedia

Viewer , Video for Windows , Internet Explorer , NetShow , and HTML Help are registered

trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

n Lotus ScreenCam is a registered trademark of Lotus Development Corporation.

n Vivo and VivoActive are registered trademarks of RealNetworks, Inc.

n ARIS Toolset is a registered Trademark of IDS Prof. Scheer GmbH, Saarbrcken

n Adobe and Acrobat are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Inc.

n TouchSend Index is a registered trademark of TouchSend Corporation.

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n IBM , OS/2 , DB2/6000 and AIX are a registered trademark of IBM Corporation.

n Indeo is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation.

n Netscape Navigator , and Netscape Communicator are registered trademarks of Netscape

Communications, Inc.

n OSF/Motif is a registered trademark of Open Software Foundation.

n ORACLE is a registered trademark of ORACLE Corporation, California, USA.

n INFORMIX -OnLine for SAP is a registered trademark of Informix Software Incorporated.

n UNIX and X/Open are registered trademarks of SCO Santa Cruz Operation.

n ADABAS is a registered trademark of Software AG

n The following are trademarks or registered trademarks of SAP AG; ABAP/4, InterSAP, RIVA, R/2, R/3, R/3

Retail, SAP (Word), SAPaccess, SAPfile, SAPfind, SAPmail, SAPoffice, SAPscript, SAPtime, SAPtronic,

SAP-EDI, SAP EarlyWatch, SAP ArchiveLink, SAP Business Workflow, and ALE/WEB. The SAP logo and

all other SAP products, services, logos, or brand names included herein are also trademarks or registered

trademarks of SAP AG.

n Other products, services, logos, or brand names included herein are trademarks or registered trademarks of

their respective owners.


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ABAP Workbench:Concepts and Tools

5 days

Managing ABAPDevelopment Projects

2 days

Data Transfer

5 days

Techniques of ListProcessing and SAP Query

3 days

ABAP Dictionary

2 days

SAPscript: Forms Designand Text Management

3 days

CATT:Test Workbench andComputer Aided Test Tool

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2 days

ABAP Performance

Tuning

%

3 days

ABAP ProgrammingTechniques

3 days

Dialog Programmingusing EnjoySAP Controls

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2 days

Developing

Internet Applications

5 days

ProgrammingUser Dialogs

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5 days

CommunicationInterfaces in ABAP

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2 days

Programming

Database Updates

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2 days

Enhancementsand Modifications

3 days

Recommended supplementarycourses are:Business Process Technologies

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ABAP Objects: Object-Oriented Programmingin R/3

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n The SAP System adjusts itself to the users style of working: When the system is started, the usersare only offered functions that are typical in their daily work. There is no unnecessary navigatingthrough functions that are not used. In the past, user menus could be called in the Session Manageror in the dynamic menu in R/3. With Release 4.6A, the role-based menu is output in the form of atree for each user.

n When you select a function, it is started in the same session. This function replaces the role-basedmenu. The role-based menu appears again automatically when you leave a transaction or when youstart a new session.

n In the maintenance screen for activity groups (Transaction PFCG), the administrator can combine themenu structure for an activity group consisting of transactions, reports, and Internet/Intranet links toa user menu. You can choose any structure and description for the functions contained.

n The enterprise menu is no longer available with Release 4.6A.


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n Typical questions at a work center are: What function should be performed at this work center?

Which menus are needed?

What authorizations do the users need?

Which users are involved here?

n The goal of personalization is to answer these questions in the R/3 System.

n The tools provided by R/3 for this purpose are area menus and activity groups.

n We will now see how these tools can be used to adapt the work center to the users needs aseffectively as possible.


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n Area menus were also included prior to this release. They can contain: Transactions

References to other area menus

Executable programs (new)

Lists created by programs (new)

n From this release onwards, you can include programs in area menus that create lists directly.

n You can assign users an area menu as their start menu. These users no longer see the complete SAPmenu when they log onto R/3, but only the menu items that they require. By integrating the reporttrees, users obtains a complete view of their work environment.

n Area menus can also be linked to activity groups.


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n In contrast to previous releases, area menus are displayed in tree form starting with Release 4.6. Thisgives the user a clearer overview of the available options.

n The objects that can be included in the area menu are listed in the right part of the graphic.


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n Use Transaction SE43 to create an area menu. You can call this transaction with the given path.

n Assign a name in the corresponding customer namespace and create the area menu.

n You can include the area menus in your list of favorites in the GUI for faster editing at a later time.


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n You build area menus by creating entries in the tree structure. Position the cursor and choose thecorresponding icon for insertion at the same level or one level down. In the popup window that nowappears, choose a description and the corresponding transaction code.

n You can also insert reports (objects that create lists, such as ABAP programs, queries, and so on)

n You can no longer store lists in report trees as of Release 4.6A. Report trees have been integrated inthe new area menus.

n With/LVW!6DYH!5HSRUWWUHH you can store lists for the program. Since the lists are storedprogram-specifically, you can display them in the corresponding area menus.


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n During an upgrade, existing area menus are automatically migrated to the new structure. You canmake further entries in these new area menus.


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n With Release 4.6, SAP has implemented user-oriented R/3 operations. When the R/3 application isstarted, a tree structure appears in the initial screen containing the entries the user needs for his dailywork.

n These role-based menus go beyond the scope of the area menus. Only the menu structure can bedefined for area menus. You can define them as you like for role-based menus. They also use thefunctions of the Profile Generator.

n By using specific role-based menus you can set the following individually:

Menu structure

Profiles

User assignmentsn The term "activity group" is synonymous in R/3 with "role-based menu." You can edit activity

groups using the Profile Generator.


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n Before you create your own activity groups, you should evaluate the predefined workplace examplesthat SAP delivers in Release 4.6A. You can use these workplace examples just as they are deliveredin the SAP System.

n Delivered activity groups should not be changed. You can combine several activity groups to form acomposite activity group. which may also include activity groups delivered by SAP.


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n To create an activity group, choose the appropriate button on the initial R/3 screen.

n Assign a name for the activity group in the customer namespace and press &UHDWH. The systemdisplays the maintenance screen for activity groups.

n The activity group naming conventions are defined as follows:

SAP* delivered by SAP

Rest customer namespace


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n There are several ways to build the menu for your activity group. You can copy sub-trees and menuentries from

the SAP menu

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n You can also maintain single entries. These can be

a transaction code

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n You cannot maintain single entries if it is a composite activity group.


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n The system determines the authorization objects used in the given transactions. The assignment ofsingle authorization objects for a transaction using Transaction SU22 provides the basis for thisdetermination.

n Transaction SU22 also specifies for the particular authorizations whether or not:

there must be a check

there are default values

n Using these default values makes maintaining authorizations much simpler. You only have tomaintain authorizations marked with the yellow icon. If you do not do so, full authorization isautomatically given.

n

In the last step, a profile is generated from your entries. The system proposes a name T-,which you can change here, but not later on. Enter a meaningful name.


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n Next assign the relevant users to the activity group.

n Once you have assigned the users, you must adjust the user master profiles accordingly. The profilethat was created is automatically assigned to the given users.

n A user can be assigned to more than one activity group. Each time you change an activity group, youmust also adjust the user masters again.


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n SAP delivers more than one hundred preconfigured activity groups. Choose the one most suitable forthe particular work center and assign the users. Adjust the user master records.

n You can change activity groups delivered by SAP. However, these changes are lost during anupgrade. We therefore recommend that you copy the delivered activity groups and adjust the copy.


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n As of Release 4.0, SAP provides development namespaces for Repository objects, which can bereserved and used exclusively by SAP partners and customers (see below).

n To extend the old namespaces, the object names were extended, meaning that all existingapplications which themselves manage and process Repository object names need to makeadjustments. You also need to consider that as a result of adding namespace prefixes, object namescan contain slashes "/" (even in the first position).


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n See also the following notes 0016466 Customer namespace for SAP objects

0038781 Partner name space SAP objects

0084282 Development namespaces for customers and partners

0089898 Extending namespace in 4.0: Effects

0105132 Reservation of namespaces as of R/3 Rel.4.0

0150451 Setting up development namespaces

n and notes referenced therein.


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n The system change options define whether Repository objects and client-independent Customizingobjects are globally modifiable. If they are globally modifiable, you can specify for each softwarecomponent or namespace whether it can be modified.

n To reach the system change option, you can use the organizer tools (transaction SE03). Alternatively,you can reach it from the Transport Management System (Transaction STMS)by choosing2YHUYLHZB7UDQVSRUW5RXWHVB(QYLURQPHQWB6\VWHPFKDQJHRSWLRQ

n For each R/3 System, the customer can define whether the objects contained in the namespaces andname ranges may be changed.

n To enable objects to be changed, the R/3 System must not be globally locked to changes.

n To set the system change option, you require administration authorization in CTS. This authorization

is normally S_CTS_ADMIN.

n If you want to change objects in your customer name range, select the 0RGLILDEOH column in the&XVWRPHUQDPHUDQJH line. This customer name range includes, for example, all reports beginningwith Z or Y.

n If local or private objects are to be created or edited in your R/3 System, the name range /RFDOREMHFWV must be set to 0RGLILDEOH.


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For correct development you need a development class.

1-1 Create a development class.

1-1-1 The development class should be named ZD346AW_##. (## = groupnumber).

1-1-2 Assign the development class to the instructors Change request.


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2-1 Create a user role.

2-1-1 Which transaction can be used to create a user role? How can you get therequickly?

2-1-2 Create a user role named ='$:B (## = group number).

2-1-3 Include the area menu you created in the user role.

2-1-4 Create a new folder. Insert the program 6$3%&B%22.,1*B here.

It is not the aim of this training course to fully explain theSAP authorization concept. In this exercise we will simplycreate a menu that can be used as a user-specific menu,without maintaining the profile.

2-1-5 Maintain the authorization data: Assign full authorization for the displayedsub-trees.

Assign full authorization by selecting the correspondingtraffic light icon for the relevant sub-tree.

2-1-6 Insert authorization object 6B&$55,' in the authorizations manually.Assign the following authorization here:

Actions All

Airline Everything exceptfor U*

2-1-7 Assign your user this user role. Adjust the user master records.

2-1-8 Check your results. What options do you now have to start transactions?

The changes take effect immediately. Create a new sessionto see the changes in the initial menu. Check your user in theuser maintenance screen (SU01).


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1-1 You can create an area menu by choosing the following menu path in the SAPmenu:

7RROV$%$3:RUNEHQFK'HYHORSPHQW2WKHUWRROV$UHDPHQXV

1-1-1 Alternatively you can choose Transaction SE43. Choose the menu path

6\VWHP8VHUSURILOH([SDQGIDYRULWHV to include the transaction inyour list of favorites.

1-1-2 Enter area menu name ='$:Band press Create. Adhere tothe naming convention (## = group number).

1-2 Create the folder Application Programs using the corresponding pushbutton ormenu entry.

1-2-1 Enter the transaction code SE80 in the right column: After you confirm your

entry by pressing Enter, the short text for the transaction is displayed.

1-2-2 Create another folder Development. Insert transactions 6(, 6(,6+', 6352, 3)&* in the list.

1-2-3 Position the cursor on the root node and choose,QVHUW. Enter transaction

code 6 and set attribute "Reference". Complete the entry.

1-2-4 Choose the menu path 6\VWHP8VHUSURILOH2ZQGDWD to define thearea menu as start menu. You can no longer go to the SAP menu.

1-2-5 Create a new session. If you choose "SAP Menu", the menu you defined as

start menu is displayed.


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2-1 Creating a user role (activity group).

2-1-1 Choose the corresponding pushbutton "Create menu" in the initial screen or

the entry in the area menu you created or choose transaction code 3)&*

2-1-2 Create an activity group named ='$:Ban (## = group number).Give it a short description and maintain the description of the activity group.

2-1-3 Include the area menu you created in the activity group.

2-1-4 Create a new folder. Insert the program 6$3%&B%22.,1*B bychoosing the pushbutton "+Report".

2-1-5 Maintain the authorization data: Choose the appropriate tab title. Choose"Change authorization data". A list with a tree-like structure appears. Theindividual sub-trees have a yellow traffic light. Give full authorization forthe displayed sub-trees by selecting the traffic light and confirming the nextmodal dialog box.

2-1-6 Insert authorization object 6B&$55,' by choosing pushbutton "+Manual".The object appears in an appropriate sub-tree which now has the attribute"manual". Expand the sub-tree and maintain the field values:

)LHOGQDPHRUGDWDFODVV 9DOXHV

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$LUOLQH $WR7

9WR=

Save the authorizations. Copy the profile name. Generate the profile.

2-1-7 Choose tab title "User". Enter your user '$:. Save your entry.Adjust the user master records by selecting the right pushbutton.

2-1-8 Create a new session. You can now toggle between the user menu and theSAP menu.


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$UHD for displaying

anREMHFWOLVWas aKLHUDUFK\

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n The Object Navigator screen is divided into two areas: An areafor displaying an object list as a hierarchy

The object window, in which objects can be displayed and edited.

n You can hide the hierarchy area using the Close browser pushbutton.

n You can display the object list for the object currently displayed in the object window using the

Object list icon.

n You can select functions from a context menu in both screen areas. You are only given a choice of

those functions that are relevant to displaying or editing the object on which the cursor is positioned.

Right-click with the mouse to display the context menu. (Left-click if you have set up your mouse

for left-handers).


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n Repository objects are organized in a hierarchy: Each application component consists of multiple development classes

Each development class can contain several different kinds of Repository objects:programs, function groups, ABAP Dictionary objects, ...

Each Repository object can consist of different object types:

- Programs can contain: global data, types, fields, events, ...

- Function groups can contain: global data, function modules, ...

n You can enter the type of object list and the object name in the upper part of the hierarchy area. The

object list is then displayed in the hierarchy area.

n Double-clicking on a sub-object in an object list displays the object list for the selected object in the

hierarchy area.

n Double-clicking on an object that does not have an object list displays that object in the object

window.

n You can use the icons to navigate by history or hierarchy between the object lists.

n You can add object lists that you edit frequently to your favorites.


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n You can display an overview of the program objects using the program object list in the ObjectNavigator.

n The hierarchy only shows those object types for which objects exist.

n You can display the objects in the Object Navigator details window by double-clicking or using the

context menu.


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n Elementary data objects appear in the program object list under the Fields node.

n From the object list, you can use the right mouse button to QDYLJDWH to the part of the source code

where the data object is defined.

n You can use the :KHUHXVHGOLVWfunction to display all lines of source code where the data object is

used.


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n There are six different types of message:$, ;, (, ,, 6 or :. The runtime behavior of the messagesdepends on the context. The letters have the following meaning:

$ Termination Processing is terminated, the user must restart the transaction

; Exit Like a termination message, but with short dump

MESSAGE_TYPE_X

( Error Runtime behavior depends on context

: Warning Runtime behavior depends on context

, Information Processing is interrupted, the message is displayed in a dialog

box and the program is continued when the message has been

confirmed with ENTER.

6 Set The message appears in the status bar on the next screen.

n You can find a program for testing the runtime behavior in the sample programs of the

documentation. You can find the sample programs with transaction code$%$3'2&8 or in the Editor

with the ,QIRUPDWLRQ icon and radio button$%$3'RFXDQG([DPSOHV


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l 'HVFULEHKRZWRZRUNZLWKWKH$%$3HGLWRU

l 8QGHUVWDQGWKHQHZ0HQX3DLQWHU6FUHHQV

l 1DYLJDWHLQWKHQHZGHEXJJHUVFUHHQV


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n 'DWDHOHPHQWData elements have a business meaning (field label, help text, and so on). Up to and including

Release 4.0, it was only possible to specify the technical attributes of a data element by specifying a

domain. Each domain had to have a predefined Dictionary type assigned to it. This is still possible.

However, it is now possible to enter a predefined Dictionary type directly. If you want to ensure that

the technical attributes of a group of data elements can only be changed centrally, you should

continue to use domains.

As part of$%$32EMHFWV, you can now designate a GDWDHOHPHQWDUHIHUHQFHW\SH and declare

global types for references to global classes or interfaces. Note that, in this case, the type of the data

element is no longer elementary, but nested. The same applies when you use the predefined types

VWULQJ and UDZVWULQJ.

n 6WUXFWXUHEach component of a structure must have a name so that it can be addressed directly. For the type of

a component you may specify a predefined Dictionary type, a data element, a structured type, or a

table type. This allows you to construct nested data types. Note the consequences we have already

mentioned with particular kinds of access. For example, if a structure contains a component with the

type reference or VWULQJ, you cannot use ,172&255(6321',1*),(/'62) in a6(/(&7statement. Instead, you must list the components in the ,172 clause.


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The OLQHW\SH specifies the semantic and technical attributes of the individual fields in a line. Asalready mentioned, you can specify either another table type, a structured type, or an elementary

type. If you only use an elementary type, the internal table will have a single column with no

component name (XQVWUXFWXUHGWDEOH).

.H\GHILQLWLRQ The GHIDXOWNH\ consists of all character (alphanumeric) components of the line type that are

not themselves table types. In this case, it would be empty (only possible with standard tables).

It is particularly useful to name the OLQHW\SH, that is, the whole line, as the key if the table typeis unstructured.

You can also name NH\FRPSRQHQWV and their VHTXHQFHexplicitly. A final possibility is QRWWRVSHFLI\WKHNH\, leaving it generic instead.

.H\W\SH As well as defining the key as XQLTXHand QRQXQLTXH, you can specify a generic key type by

omitting the specification.

For further information about choosing the right table type attributes, refer to the ,QWHUQDO7DEOH2SHUDWLRQV unit.


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Lines from

an (index)table

$33(1'ZD!72LWDE!

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table

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When you use the above statements with VRUWHGtables, you must ensure that the sort sequence ismaintained.

Within a loop, the ,16(57statement adds the data record before the FXUUHQWrecord in the table.If you want to insert a set of lines from an internal table into another index table, you should use the

,16(57/,1(62) variant instead.

When you read single data records, you can use two further additions:

In the &203$5,1*addition, the system compares the field contents of a data record with thosein the work area for equality.

In the 75$163257,1* addition, you can restrict the data transport to selected fields.

2WKHUVWDWHPHQWVIRUVWDQGDUGWDEOHV

n 6257>$6&(1',1*_'(6&(1',1*@>%$6&(1',1*_'(6&(1',1*@..

>$6&(1',1*_'(6&(1',1*@@>$67(;7@>67$%/(@These statements sort the table by the table key or the specified field sequence. If you do not use an

addition, the system sorts ascending. If you use the$67(;7addition, character fields are sorted inculture-specific sequence. The relative order of the data records with identical sort keys RQO\ remain

constant if you use the 67$%/( addition.

n$33(1',1726257('%


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line

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02',)


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lines

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fields

'(/(7(7$%/(LWDE!:,7+7$%/(.(&203$5,1*I!IQ!|ALL FIELIQ!`_$//),(/'6`@

The system deletes all adjacent entries with the same key field contents apart from the first entry.You can prevent the system from only comparing the key field using the &203$5,1* addition. Ifyou sort the table by the required fields beforehand, you can be sure that only unique entries will

remain in the table after the '(/(7($'-$&(17'83/,&$7(6 statement.

Searches all lines of the table for the string . If the search is successful, the system sets thefields V\WDEL[ andV\IGSRV.

)5((Unlike &/($5which only deletes the contents of the table, )5((releases the memory occupiedby it as well.


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SAP AG 1999

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n Logical databases are made up of several sub-objects. The structure determines the hierarchy, andthus the read sequence of the data records.

n Node names can contain up to 14 characters. There are four different node types.

Table (type T): The node name is the name of a transparent table (this type corresponds to theconcept prior to Release 4.0A). The table name must be identical to the node name. Deep types

(complex) are not allowed.

DDIC type (type S): Any node name is possible. It is assigned a structure or a table type from theDictionary. The node name can differ from the type name. Deep structures are possible.

Type groups (type C): The node type is defined in a type group. The name of the type group mustbe maintained in the "Type group" field. You should generally prefer DDIC types, as the other

applications that use the logical database (such as SAP Query) can access them (short texts, and soon).

Dynamic nodes (type A): These nodes do not have a fixed type; they are not classified until theprogram runtime. Which types are generally allowed is determined when the structure is created.

n Nodes are declared using language element NODES.


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n Structures can be included in tables or other structures to avoid redundant structure definitions.n A table may only be included as an entire table.

n A chain of includes may only contain one database table. The table in which you are including

belongs to the include chain. This means that you may not include a transparent table in a transparent

table.

n Includes may contain further includes.

n Foreign key definitions are generally imparted from the include to the including table. The attributes

of the foreign key definition are passed from the include to the including table so that the foreign key

depends on the definition in the include.


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SAP AG D446AW 6-8

SAP AG 1999

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,QFOXGHGVHDUFKKHOSV

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n Like an elementary search help, a collective search help has an interface of IMPORT and EXPORTparameters with which it exchanges data. Using this interface, the collective search help can be

attached to fields, tables and data elements exactly like an elementary search help.

Only one search help can be attached to a field, table or data element. Several search paths are

therefore attached with a collective search help.

n You can omit the components for describing the dialog behavior and data selection when you define

a collective search help. The included search helps are listed here. You must assign the parameters of

the collective search help to the interface parameters of the included search help for each inclusion.

n A search help can also be included in several collective search helps and at the same time itself be

attached to fields, tables and data elements. A collective search help can also be included in another

collective search help.

n When you use a collective search help, you are offered the elementary search helps contained in the

collective search help as parallel tab pages. If you repeatedly use a collective search help, the tab

page that was last used is automatically active. This is because most users always use the same

search path.


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n The set of search paths that are meaningful for an object greatly depends on the particularcircumstances of the SAP customer. The customer often would like to enhance the standard SAP

collective search helps with his own elementary search helps. Release 4.6 provides an append

technique that permits the enhancement of collective search helps without modifications.

n An DSSHQGVHDUFKKHOS is a collective search help that is assigned to another collective search help

(its appending object) and that enhances it with the search helps it includes. The append search help

uses the interface of its appending objects.

n The append search help lies in the customer namespace. Normally the search helps included in the

append search help are also created by the customer and lie in the customers namespace. However,

the required elementary search help might already be provided by SAP, in which case the customer

only has to add it to his own append search help.

n Append search helps are used with SAP to improve component separation. Some SAP collective

search helps therefore already have one or more append search helps in the standard search help.

Customer enhancements should always be made by creating a separate append search help.

n SAP collective search helps often contain elementary search helps that are not required by all

customers. The search helps you do not need can be hidden using an append search help. To do this,

the corresponding search help must be included in the append search help and the KLGGHQ flag must

be set.


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n Tabstrip controls provide you with an easy, user-friendly way of displaying different components ofan application on a single screen and allowing the user to navigate between them. Their intuitive

design makes navigation much easier for end users.

n Tabstrip controls are a useful way of simplifying complex applications. You can use tabstrip

controls wherever you have different components of an application that form a logical unit. For

example, you might have a set of header data which remains constant, while underneath it, you want

to display various other sets of data.

n You should QRWuse tabstrip controls if

You need to change the screen environment (menus, pushbuttons, header data, and so on) whileprocessing the application components. The screen surrounding the tabstrip must remain

constant. The components must be processed in a certain order. Tabstrips are designed to allow users to

navigate freely between components.

The components are processed dynamically, that is, if user input on one tab page leads to othertab pages suddenly appearing.

n Tabstrip controls are compatible with batch input processing.


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n All user interfaces include the following tools/objects:

n A WLWOHEDUcontaining the title of the screen, selection screen, or list currently being displayed,

n A PHQXEDUwith expandable menus,

n 0HQXVcontaining the executable functions for the current program. Menus can also contain

submenus. The menus System and Help can be found on every screen in R/3 and always contain

the same functions. Neither of these menus may be changed or hidden.

n A VWDQGDUGWRROEDUcontaining icons for those functions most often used. The R/3 standard toolbar

always contains the same icons with standard functions assigned to them. Those standard functions

that cannot be accessed from a particular interface are grayed out.

n

)XQFWLRQNH\VHWWLQJV , which can be displayed by clicking on your right mouse button. Ideally, youshould be able to execute all menu functions by way of function keys as well.

n An DSSOLFDWLRQWRROEDUcontaining icons and pushbuttons for those functions most often used on the

current screen.

n Each program is created with an interface containing all of the objects listed above. Different views

of this interface (GUI statuses) are then created for a programs individual screens, selection screens,

and lists.


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CancelNo

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GUI status The status LIST does not exist.

Do you want to create the object?

Yes

xxxxx

LIST

Status for flight list

Program

Status

Status attributes

Short text

Status typeDialog status

Dialog boxContext menu

&UHDWH6WDWXV

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n You can create and maintain statuses in one of three different ways: By using the REMHFWOLVWof the Object Navigator

By using IRUZDUGQDYLJDWLRQin the ABAP Editor,

By directly using the 0HQX3DLQWHU.

n When creating a status you can either create a new menu bar, application toolbar, and new key

settings yourself (top down), or use existing objects for your interface (bottom up), or a use

combination of both methods.

n Status names can have a maximum of 20 characters. (Letters must be upper-case).

n By choosing a status type, you determine whether a status refers to a normal screen or a dialog box.

According to what you have choosen, different types of functions are put at your disposal.

n Use the statement SET PF-STATUS to set the status of the basic list by programming

it into one of the processing blocks that are processed before the basic list is sent.


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&RQWH[W0HQXV

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Screen area

Subscreen area

Area in the box

Elements that do not have theirElements that do not have their

ownown menu inherit the area menumenu inherit the area menu

-

%R[

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n Context menus (right mouse key, SHIFT F10) are shortcuts for functions that are frequently used.

n They can be used to display context-sensitive menus. The context is defined by the position (cursor

for SHIFT F10, mouse location for right mouse key) where the user called the context menu. If

needed, you can specify the context more precisely with the displayed contents. This permits the user

to select functions that are relevant for the current context using the context menu.

n You define whether a context menu should be offered when you create a screen object (screens,

input fields, table controls, boxes, ...). When the user selects a context menu on an object, an event

mechanism (as understood by ABAP objects) calls a certain subroutine in the application program.

The program is assigned a menu reference. The program uses this menu reference to build the

display menu. Menus defined with the Menu Painter and dynamic menus can be used here.

After the user executes a menu function, the application program regains control and can react to theuser input.

n Context menus are assigned to output fields. When you assign a context menu to a box, table control

or screen (normal or subscreen), all the subordinate output fields that do not have a context menu

inherit that one.


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n In a context menu you can link any function codes and function texts. In particular, you can takeadvantage of your screen pushbuttons. The functions already provided in the interface can be used as

an F4 input help.

n The link technique ensures consistent context menus in large applications.

n You should observe the following rules when designing context menus.

Do not use any functions that cannot be found elsewhere in the system (pushbuttons or interface).

Avoid using more than two hierarchy levels in context menus.

Do not use more than 10 entries, but map all the available pushbuttons.

Use separators to structure the context menu optically.

Place object-specific statements at the beginning of the menu.


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n The class cl_ctmenu provides a number of other methods in addition to the static methodload_gui_status. You can use them to adjust the context menu at runtime (e.g. using the

values in data fields).

n The corresponding methods are called within the callback routine.

n You can find further information in the documentation for class cl_ctmenu in the Class Builder.


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Create QuickView DEMO: Determine Data Source

([DPSOHLQ%&Q

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n You must name a data source in order to generate a QuickView. The data source can be a databasetable, a database view, a logical database, a table join, or even a functional area of SAP query. The

functional area must lie in the (client-specific) standard area.

n You can access the specified data, but you cannot extend it with additional fields (also see /RFDO

ILHOGV under SAP Query).


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n In basic mode, the screen is divided into four areas. The available fields (data source) are displayedto the left in tree form. Further information on how to work in the basic mode is displayed in the

lower left window. You can maintain the title and comments and control the output (list or Excel) in

the upper right area. This is also where you control the list structure, set the sort sequence and define

the selection criteria. You can branch to the online documentation from the lower right window.


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n When you create a list with a report, the data is usually retrieved via a logical database, processed bythe report and then output as a list.

n Queries evaluate data and can be created without any prior programming knowledge using the SAP

Query tool.

n The query results in a sequence of screen fields which you use to describe the line structure and list

layout. Starting in Release 4.6A, you can use the Query Painter to add graphics to query lists.

n When the query is started, an internal report generator creates a program that corresponds to the list

definition. That program then reads the data, processes it, and outputs the data as a list. The program

is named AQmmbbbbbbbbbbbbqqqqqqqqqqqqqq. You can display the report names with the menu

path displayed in appendix documentation AQL-1.

mm - encoded client (standard area) or ZZ (global area)bbbbbbbbbbbb - Name of user group (12 places)

qqqqqqqqqqqqqq - Name of query (14 places)

Spaces in query program names are replaced with =.


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List

Save

n You can save a list generated by a query using the menu path AQL-5 and re-display it later.n Subsequent display of a saved list does not require database access to retrieve data. Such a display is

therefore much quicker than restructuring the data running the query again.

n Saving a list stores the list itself and supplemental information. Storage of additional information is a

special function of saving lists that is supported only by query. This makes it possible to perform

interactive functions in the saved list.

n When a query is integrated in an area menu (not the AQ... query program), then all the saved lists are

automatically passed on to the area menu, and can be displayed there. All interactive functions

remain available.

n If you save the list normally (using menu path AQL-6), then no interactive functions are available in

the saved list.


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([HUFLVHV

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When you have completed these exercises, you will be able to:

Create a QuickView that uses a table as its data source

1-1 Creating a QuickView

1-1-1 Create a list that displays bookings. You will need table SBOOK to do this.

Create a QuickView with a name of your choice beginning with Z##_

Choose 7DEOH as the data source and specify table SBOOK.

1-2 Structure of List and Selections

1-2-1 /LQH $LUOLQH&RGH, code of the

flight connection, flight date, booking number,

customer number, booking date.


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When you have completed these exercises, you will be able to:

Create a QuickView that uses a table join as its data source

1-1 Creating a QuickView

1-1-1 Create a list that displays the connections between airports. To do this, you

will need table SPFLI and SAIRPORT. Create a QuickView with a name of

your choice. Choose a table join as the data source.

1-1-2 Define a table join over two tables. The tables are SPFLI and SAIRPORT.

Implement the link using table fields SPFLI-AIRPFROM and SAIRPORT-

ID.

1-1-3 Note: You can only specify a table once when you define a table join!

Create an alias table with a name of your choice that refers to table

SAIRPORT. Now define a table join over these three tables. To do this, link

the alias table with table SPFLI using fields -ID and SPFLI-

AIRPTO. Note: creating an alias was not shown in any of the slides or

mentioned in any notes.

1-2 Structure of List and Selections

1-2-1 /LQH Short name of the airline, code of the

flight connection

/LQH Departure city, Departure airport, Airport name

Arrival city, Destination airport, Airport name

1-2-2


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3-1 List format

3-1-1 Output the list with frames.

3-1-2 Line 1: Color+HDGHULQWHQVLI\ one blank line before the lineLine 2: Color +HDGHU

/LQH&RORU1RUPDO

)LHOG$YDLODEOHVHDWV&RORU3RVLWLYH

3-1-3 Modify the standard length for the following fields:

Occupied seats to 8 places

Available seats to 8 places

Maximum occupancy to 8 places

Percentage occupancy to 6 places

Current total revenue for the flight to 15 places

Flight price to 10 places

3-1-4 Change the header of field Percentage occupancy to %.


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1-1 Start the QuickViewer in the Workbench and create a QuickView with a name of

your choice beginning with Z##_.. Choose WDEOH as the data source. Choose

SBOOK as the table name. Choose /D\RXWPRGH as the processing mode.

1-2 Structure the list and maintain the selections in layout mode (Query Painter)

1-2-1 Select the required fields in the upper left corner of the Query Painter (data

fields). Make sure that you set up the list in the order in which you selected

the fields. Otherwise you will have to re-sort the fields accordingly.

1-2-2 Select the required fields in the upper left window.

1-2-3 Save the QuickView.


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Publicattributes

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n An object basically has two layers - inside and outside: 3XEOLFFRPSRQHQWV: The object components that are visible from outside, such as attributes,

methods, and events. The public components can be used directly by all users. The public

components of an object make up the LQWHUIDFHof this object.

3ULYDWHFRPSRQHQWV: These components are only visible within the object. They can also beattributes, methods and events.

n The aim is that an object itself can ensure that it is consistent. For this reason, the data is normally

internal, that is it has private attributes. The internal (private) attributes of an object can only be

manipulated with methods of this object (encapsulation). In general, only methods that manipulate

the data and ensure that the object is consistent are offered as public components.

n An object also has a unique identification to distinguish it from other objects with the same attributesand methods.


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components

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Classes are structure templates for objects. You can create them ORFDOO\ in any ABAP program, orJOREDOO\ in the R/3 Repository using the &ODVV%XLOGHU.

A class GHILQLWLRQ consists of a GHFODUDWLRQ part and an LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ part.

The FRPSRQHQWV of a class define the attributes and behavior of its instances. Each componentmust be GHFODUHG in one of the three visiblity sections. The visibility sections define the external

point of contact between other objects and the class :

38%/,& - All public components can be addressed both within the class and by all users. They

form the external interface of the class.

3527(&7(' - All protected components can be addressed both within the class and by all

subclasses of the class.

35,9$7( - Private components can only be addressed in the methods of the class itself.

You must implement all of the methods of the class in its LPSOHPHQWDWLRQ part.

The left-hand side of the graphic shows the declaration and implementation parts of a localclass .

The right-hand side shows how the class is actually constructed with the components in theirvisibility sections and the method implementations.


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Constructors (instance or static) are special methods that are called implicitly when you create anobject or access a class for the first time. They are executed automatically by the system and are

used to set up the initial state of an object (see also /2$'2)352*5$0event in function

groups).

You use a constructor whenever you want to set the initial state of an object dynamically and usingthe 9$/8( addition of the '$7$statement is insufficient.

The method name is always &216758&725. This is a reserved word.

Instance constructors can have importing parameters and exceptions. You must pass the importparameters in the &5($7(2%-(&7 statement.


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n When you create a waiting list object, the constructor writes the key data into the private fields.

n When you call the method DGGfor a waiting list object, the system adds the data record to the list in

the normal way, as long as it is not already contained in the table.


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n The ALV grid control is a generic tool for displaying lists in screens. The control offers standardfunctions such as sorting by any column, adding numeric columns, and fixed lead columns

n Data collection is performed in the program (with SELECT statements, for example) or by using a

logical database. The data records are saved in an internal table and passed on to the ALV control

along with a field description.

n The field description contains information about the characteristics of each column, such as the

column header and output length. This information can defined either globally in the Dictionary

(structure in the Dictionary) or in the field catalog in the program itself. You can also merge both

techniques.

n The ALV link is a standard function of Query and QuickViewer. If multiline queries or QuickView

lists have been defined, they will automatically be compressed to a single line and output in the ALVcontrol as a long, single line list.


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n The field characteristics (= column characteristics) are defined in the field catalog. The field catalogis in internal table with type lvc_t_fcat. Each line that is explicitly described in the ALV control

corresponds to a column in the field catalog table.

n The link to the data records to output that

delta abap workbench 4.0 to 4.6

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