delia calut/paxton school for advanced studies/[email protected]
TRANSCRIPT
Delia Calut/Paxton School for Advanced Studies/[email protected]
Han dynasty206 B.C.E.-220 C.E.What happened after its collapse?What dynasty reunify China?
Sui & Tang Empires
1. Sui, 581-618Lasted 34 yearsWhy was it significant?Could you compare it with other Chinese
dynasty?What did it built?
Grand Canal
Tang dynasty
2.Tang, 618-907Political lifeOrigins : Turkic elitesTerritory: expanded towards W ( Central
Asia)Centralized powerWho did it stop Tang’s advancement towards
W?Where?How did Tang’s advancement in Central Asia
influence the Chinese religion?
Political life751, The Battle of Talas River ( Muslim
Arabs)Get connected to India & Central Asia
Political lifeHow was the bureaucracy selected?
Political lifeA)Who introduced first the civil service
exams?B)Why these exams made a difference in
China?
Political lifeA)Han dynastyB) High educated bureaucrats the lower class could get good jobs
Religion ( early Tang)BuddhismWhy was Buddhism so successful at the
beginning of Tang dynasty?
Early Tang-Buddhism1.emperor –spiritual function of welding
humans into a harmonious Buddhist societyWhy was this important?A)What did the Buddhist monasteries offer to
the Tang princes?B)What did the Buddhist monasteries receive
in exchange for their services?
Religious lifea)Financial support, advice, prayers.b) gifts, land, exemptions from taxes
EconomyWhat was the economy based on?
EconomyTrade1.What were the main items imported?2.What were the main items exported?3.What was the most important trading
center?
Economy1.tea, sugar, spices,
cotton, textiles, Stringed
instrumentsWine,painting2.silk, porcelain3.Chang’an
Tea
EconomyExplain Chang’an significance.
EconomyChang’an –the capitalTrading center, center of tributary systemWho paid tribute? What was tribute?Religious networkCommercial networkCosmopolitan cityHub of Tang communication
TechnologyWhat kind of maritime technology did the
Chinese mariners use?
vesselcompass
Chinese vessel
Daily lifeWhat disease affected the Tang Empire?How was the disease spread?Do you know any other empire affected by
the same disease?
Military rivalsA)Who were Tang’s most important rivals?B)What did they compete for ?
MilitaryA)Tibet, UighursB) religious & political power, control of local
routes
What policies contributed to the early success of Tang?
ReligionWhy was Buddhism replace by Confucianism
towards the end of Tang?
Religion1. Undermine the Confucian idea of family2 encouraged women participation in politics( Wu Zhao) associated with social ills (foreign origin)Monasteries: own a lot of land didn’t pay taxesMonks :didn’t serve in the army
ReligionHow did the government solve the problem?When?
DeclineWhat factors did contribute to the decline of
Tang?
Decline1. internal rebellions: 755, 879-8812. nomadic tribes ( N border)3.tax-system problems, powerful military
leadersRuled China until 907After Tang, China split in 3 empires:Liao, Tanggut, Song
Song 960-1279Tang Song
Political & militaryLost the N part to nomadic tribes½ of Tang territoryCapital :Hangzhou4 times Tang’s army
TechnologyWhy was considered that Song dynasty had
an industrial revolution?
TechnologyInnovations:Calendar, compass design Greek astrolabe, junkCelestial clockGunpowderMining, iron production
ReligionWhat was Song’s religion?Who was the ideal human?
ReligionNeo-Confucianism : blend of Conf. &
Buddhism new interpretations of
the Confucian textsThe sage
TechnologyWhat were the
consequences of using the movable type?
EconomyWhat innovations were in economy?Commercial economyIndustrial developmentInter-regional credit
Money during Song dynasty
Society-the status of womenSocial restrictionSubordinationLow education, cannot remarryFoot bindingWhat was the significance of foot binding?
Foot binding
Foot binding
JapanWhat did the
Japanese borrow from the Chinese?
A legal codeConfucianismBuddhismarchitecture
Political lifeThe head of the state: the emperorNo Mandate of Heaven794 , Heian became capital
Heian 794-1185Political life: emperor lost power symbolic figureheadReal Power: 858, Fujiwara familyEconomy: Golden AgeReligion: Shintoism, Buddhism( Zen),Culture: poetry( men) epics( women)Which one was superior?Give an example of an epic.
“The Tale of Genji” by Murasaki Shikibu
Heian period
Decline Founder1156-1185 Taira-
Minamoto war Minamoto
won
Kamakura shogunateMinamoto established a new form of
government: the shogunateCapital: KamakuraDecentralized form of governmentShogunate: feudal system in which the shogun
shared the power with landowning warlords (daimyo).
ShogunDaimyoSamurai-great honor-code of chivalry: Bushido
Japanese Feudalism
KoreaUnder whose influence was Korea?How was Korea organized?
KoreaChinese influence: political, religious,
cultural.Divided in 2 kingdoms: Silla & Koryo Compare Silla & Koryo
Silla-Tang ally (collapsed when Tang collapsed)
Koryo-Song ally, unified the korean Peninsula.
Religion: BuddhismTechnology: block printing
VietnamHow was organized?What was the economy based on?Religion?
Vietnam2 states: Annam/Dai Viet ( N) Champa( S)Political & economic life centered around 2
riversN –Red RiverS-MekongEconomy: rice-based economy (wet-rice
cultivation)Religion: Buddhism & ConfucianismWomen: dispose of property, negotiating roles
Rice paddies
Cultivation Harvest