deerp: the next exoplanet finderlunar.earth.northwestern.edu/courses/351/planets.pdf · 2011. 5....
TRANSCRIPT
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DEERP:The Next Exoplanet Finder
Ben HeathDavid CaratelliLeah Isaman
Sebastien Zany
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Transit Method
● Looking at the dimming of a star's light as a planet passes in front
http://www.sciencenews.org/view/generic/id/62850/title/Still_no_Earths,_but_getting_closer
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Transit Comparisons
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1382658/55-Cancri-e-Remarkable-new-holds-key-planet-evolution.html
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Kepler Mission ExamplesThe Good
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Kepler Mission ExamplesThe Bad
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Kepler Mission ExamplesThe Ugly
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You Can Help!
If you want to help sift through Kepler Data, go to
www.planethunters.org
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Radial Velocity
● Measuring the "wobble" of a star due to planet using doppler shift in spectrum
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_velocity_method
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Blueshifts and Redshifts
http://snap.lbl.gov/science/darkenergy.php
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Planet Mass SMA "Wobble"
Earth 1 AU 0.09 m/s
Earth 0.008 AU 1 m/s
Super-Earth (Earth x 5) 1 AU 0.48 m/s
Super-Earth 0.2 AU 1 m/s
Neptune (Earth x 17) 30 AU 0.28 m/s
Neptune 2.3 AU 1 m/s
Neptune 1 AU 1.5 m/s
Jupiter (Earth x 317) 5 AU 12.7 m/s
Jupiter 802.6 AU 1 m/s
Jupiter 1 AU 28 m/s
Wobbles Around a Solar Mass Star
Smallest detectable planet at 1 Au is about 11 Earth masses
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Scale Comparisons
Combination of 2 images from Wikipedia
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Other Methods
● Direct Imaging● Astrometry
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-1290919/First-photo-planet-circling-distant-sun-outside-solar-system.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial_velocity_method
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Gravitational Microlensing
-works at distances of thousands of light years
-Information on mass and distance to the star
-Identify free-floating planets?
-Best method to look for Earth sized planets in the habitable zone?
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http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/science/finding_planets.cfm http://bustard.phys.nd.edu/MPS/
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http://lcogt.net/en/blog/egomez/sensitivities-exoplanet-search-methods
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Pros: Best method for habitable planets Can "see" further than other methods Identify free floating planets Gravitational microlensing not only used for planet detection Cons: Depends on rare events effects of variable stars? hard to measure distances between Earth and star
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Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment
Looked for microlensing events in general
100 million stars observed
500 microlensing events small portion were planets
Other networks confirmed planet findings.
http://www.planetary.org/explore/topics/extrasolar_planets/extrasolar/microlensing.html
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Space Based vs. Ground Based
-cost -resolution -predictions
http://www.universetoday.com/32556/5-spinoffs-from-the-hubble-space-telescope/
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http://lcogt.net/en/blog/egomez/sensitivities-exoplanet-search-methods
http://planetquest.jpl.nasa.gov/NavigatorForum/documents/May18-2007/10-AnExtrasolarPlanetCensusMicrolensingPlanetFinder-Bennett.pdf
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The Mission
● Joint exoplanet/dark energy probe● SpaceX private launch vehicle● Orbit considerations● Satellite design
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Joint exoplanet/dark energy probe
Both need:● Infrared● Large detector● Wide field of view
DEERP:Dark Energy/ExoplanetResearchProbe
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SpaceX private launch vehicle
● SpaceX current technology○ $10.9M for 1010kg payload to LEO○ $54M - $59.5M for 4540kg payload to GTO (Falcon 9)
■ or 10450kg to LEO (also Falcon 9)○ $80M - $125M for 53000kg to LEO (Falcon Heavy)○ Aiming for Mars in 10 years
● NASA○ Used Delta II to launch 1039kg Kepler at $36.7M to HCO
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Orbit considerations
● Kepler mission is in Earth-lagging orbit around the sun => probably want that too
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Satellite design - see MPF proposal
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